Preference Elicitation and Explanation in Iterative Planning

Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.24963/ijcai.2019/917 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lindsay Sanneman

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Iterative Process ◽

Preference Elicitation ◽

Planning System ◽

Planning Problem ◽

Common Language ◽

Distributed Information ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Mixed Initiative ◽

The Ideal

Planning for complex scenarios, particularly in which large teams of humans with distributed expertise and varying preferences share a set of resources, poses a number of challenges including integrating distributed information and accounting for context-dependent preferences and constraints. We see three key pieces to solving the problem of introducing autonomous assistance through a mixed-initiative planning system in these scenarios: preference elicitation, integrating preferences into planning, and providing tailored explanations back to the humans in the loop. The process of preference elicitation, planning, and explanation can be integrated as an iterative process by which teams can efficiently converge on the ideal schedule. Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a common language, readily understandable by both planners and humans, that provides a natural link between the three components of the iterative planning problem, facilitating both elicitation of expressive preferences and intelligible explanations of the system's decision-making processes. Outputs of each of the preference elicitation, planning, and explanation pieces can be expressed as LTL specifications and used as inputs to each next step in the process. We propose to explore preference elicitation, planning, and explanation using LTL specifications and the integration of these pieces into an iterative process.

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Does scheduling matter? When unscheduled decision making results in more effective meetings

Journal of Strategy and Management ◽

10.1108/jsma-03-2014-0017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Boris Eisenbart ◽

Massimo Garbuio ◽

Daniele Mascia ◽

Federica Morandi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Real World ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Content Type ◽

Distributed Information ◽

Critical Design ◽

Meeting Scheduling ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Potential Impact

Purpose – Managers spend a great deal of time in meetings making decisions critical to organisational success, yet the design aspects of meetings remain largely understudied. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the potential impact of one critical design aspect of meetings – namely, whether a decision to be taken (or the meeting in general) was scheduled or not – on the use of distributed information, information elaboration, conflict, speed of decision making, and, ultimately, decision-making effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach – The research presented in this paper combines a literature review with empirical data obtained from questionnaires and direct observation of decision making meetings on organisational issues in a hospital. One meeting was scheduled, the other two were unscheduled. A second questionnaire was administered 12 months after the respective decision making meetings to explore and evaluate the efficiency of the decisions made and their implementation. Findings – This paper suggests that a scheduled meeting with a shared agenda of all decisions to be taken may induce decision makers to form opinions upfront at the meeting, with these opinions eventually serving as sources of conflict during group discussion. Because of the nature of the conflict generated, these meetings are more likely to run long and to not deliver the expected outcomes. Originality/value – The study contributes to the debate on group decision-making processes by examining the effect of meeting scheduling on information elaboration and conflict in real-world decision-making settings. Although robust evidence has supported the existence of relationships between information elaboration, conflict, and decision-making effectiveness, previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of these processes during scheduled meetings and experimental settings. The findings of the present study show the effect of meeting scheduling on decision-making effectiveness in real-world settings.

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Assessment process in the delimitation of historic urban landscape of Algiers by AHP

Miscellanea Geographica ◽

10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 110-126

Author(s):

Boukratem Oumelkheir ◽

Djelal Nadia

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Urban Area ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Assessment Process ◽

Planning System ◽

Landscape Assessment ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Heritage Planning ◽

The Relationship ◽

Historic Area

Abstract This research paper covers the way in which landscape delimitation is carried out in a historic urban area context. Landscape delimitation, in this case, explores the relationship between landscape considerations in the urban and heritage planning system in Algeria. The characterisation of the historic urban landscape is challenged by various types of values. The landscape assessment of the central urban historic area of Algiers was focused on its beauty configuration using the AHP multi-criteria method, supported by values obtained through GIS. Various delimitation alternatives of the historical urban landscape are assessed. Distinctive landscapes emerge, moving away from the original historic urban landscape, which is strictly related to the context of the casbah. Spatial landscape delimitation is the means by which the connecting values of the landscape and their interconnections are managed by monitoring problems of fragmentation and ensuring their interaction at the different boundaries. Urban planning must necessarily incorporate landscapes boundaries into the decision-making processes for the conservation of value connections and managing its beauty configuration.

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Visualizations for an Explainable Planning Agent

Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.24963/ijcai.2018/849 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tathagata Chakraborti ◽

Kshitij P. Fadnis ◽

Kartik Talamadupula ◽

Mishal Dholakia ◽

Biplav Srivastava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Common Ground ◽

Planning System ◽

Ai Planning ◽

Crucial Step ◽

Sensory Inputs ◽

Human In The Loop ◽

Watson Research ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

The Brain

In this demonstration, we report on the visualization capabilities of an Explainable AI Planning (XAIP) agent that can support human-in-the-loop decision-making. Imposing transparency and explainability requirements on such agents is crucial for establishing human trust and common ground with an end-to-end automated planning system. Visualizing the agent's internal decision making processes is a crucial step towards achieving this. This may include externalizing the "brain" of the agent: starting from its sensory inputs, to progressively higher order decisions made by it in order to drive its planning components. We demonstrate these functionalities in the context of a smart assistant in the Cognitive Environments Laboratory at IBM's T.J. Watson Research Center.

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No Synonyms: Global Governance and the Transnational Public

Croatian International Relations Review ◽

10.2478/cirr-2014-0001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (69) ◽

pp. 5-31

Author(s):

Maja Turnšek Hancic

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Global Governance ◽

Current Literature ◽

Classical Literature ◽

The Public ◽

Rational Deliberation ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Public Decision ◽

The Ideal

Abstract Building on the classical literature of the public, the article critically analyses the current literature on global governance. After briefly presenting the classical understanding of the public the author goes on to argue that in global governance the effectiveness of collective problem-solving is seen as a compensation for its lack of inclusiveness which in turn makes it impossible to equate global governance with (transnational) public. The author criticizes the substitution of the term “the public” by “stakeholders” since the notion of stakeholders allows for economically powerful voices to intervene in public decision-making processes. The article furthermore criticizes ideas on global governance as “strong publics” on the basis that even if the decision-making seen in global governance was to follow the ideal of rational deliberation, this would not make it equal to the transnational publics, since the deliberations of transnational “strong publics” are per definition exclusive in nature.

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Cognitive Processing of Miscommunication in Interactive Listening: An Evaluation of Listener Indecision and Cognitive Effort

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00128 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Jennifer M. Roche ◽

Arkady Zgonnikov ◽

Laura M. Morett

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Language Processing ◽

Cognitive Effort ◽

Mouse Tracking ◽

Computer Mouse ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Computer Mouse Tracking ◽

Listening Task ◽

Processing Effort

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse–tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.

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“It's Not Humanly Possible to Do Everything”: Perspectives on Intervention Decision-Making Processes of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Perspectives on Language Learning and Education ◽

10.1044/lle22.1.13 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 13-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Erinn Finke ◽

Kathryn Drager ◽

Elizabeth C. Serpentine

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Individualized Education Program ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Individual Decision ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Interview Methodology ◽

Communication Interventions

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to understand the decision-making processes used by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) related to communication-based interventions. Method Qualitative interview methodology was used. Data were gathered through interviews. Each parent had a child with ASD who was at least four-years-old; lived with their child with ASD; had a child with ASD without functional speech for communication; and used at least two different communication interventions. Results Parents considered several sources of information for learning about interventions and provided various reasons to initiate and discontinue a communication intervention. Parents also discussed challenges introduced once opinions of the school individualized education program (IEP) team had to be considered. Conclusions Parents of children with ASD primarily use individual decision-making processes to select interventions. This discrepancy speaks to the need for parents and professionals to share a common “language” about interventions and the decision-making process.

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