Degenerative Movement Disorders of the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
pp. 972-982
Author(s):  
Abu A. Qutubuddin ◽  
Priya Chandan ◽  
William Carne
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Movement Disorders

2016 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Anhar Hassan ◽  
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis, a disabling disorder that affects predominantly young adults between 20 and 50 years old. It affects women twice as often as men. Multiple sclerosis has a complex immunopathogenesis, variable prognosis, and an unpredictable course. Polygenic and environmental (possibly viral) factors probably have a substantial effect on susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Central Mechanisms of Tremor in Some Feline and Primate Models

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lamarre ◽  
A.J. Joffroy ◽  
M. Dumont ◽  
C. De Montigny ◽  
F. Grou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Physiological Tremor ◽  
The Central Nervous System

SUMMARY:For several years our interest has been in a postural Parkinson-like tremor at 4-6/sec. which can be produced in the monkey by lesions of the central nervous system. We have also studied the effects of harmaline, a drug which evokes or intensifies the Parkinson-like tremor in lesioned animals and which also induces a fine, generalized tremor at 7-12/sec. in normal animals. The results obtained so far indicate that these two types of tremor are generated by two independent central mechanisms which do not require the integrity of peripheral feedback loops. The experimental Parkinson-like tremor is generated by a thalamo-cortical mechanism while the olivo-cerebellar system is responsible for the faster ”physiological“ tremor. Similar tremor mechanisms may be involved in some movement disorders in man.

scholarly journals Treatable Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders Not to Be Missed

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Méneret ◽  
Béatrice Garcin ◽  
Solène Frismand ◽  
Annie Lannuzel ◽  
Louise-Laure Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Abnormal Involuntary Movements ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Hyperkinetic movement disorders are characterized by the presence of abnormal involuntary movements, comprising most notably dystonia, chorea, myoclonus, and tremor. Possible causes are numerous, including autoimmune disorders, infections of the central nervous system, metabolic disturbances, genetic diseases, drug-related causes and functional disorders, making the diagnostic process difficult for clinicians. Some diagnoses may be delayed without serious consequences, but diagnosis delays may prove detrimental in treatable disorders, ranging from functional disabilities, as in dopa-responsive dystonia, to death, as in Whipple's disease. In this review, we focus on treatable disorders that may present with prominent hyperkinetic movement disorders.

scholarly journals The Expanding Horizon of Neural Stimulation for Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Latorre ◽  
Lorenzo Rocchi ◽  
Anna Sadnicka
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Neural Stimulation ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Novel methods of neural stimulation are transforming the management of hyperkinetic movement disorders. In this review the diversity of approach available is showcased. We first describe the most commonly used features that can be extracted from oscillatory activity of the central nervous system, and how these can be combined with an expanding range of non-invasive and invasive brain stimulation techniques. We then shift our focus to the periphery using tremor and Tourette's syndrome to illustrate the utility of peripheral biomarkers and interventions. Finally, we discuss current innovations which are changing the landscape of stimulation strategy by integrating technological advances and the use of machine learning to drive optimization.

scholarly journals The Neurosurgical Treatment of Movement Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Gary Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The management of movement disorders has been his- torically treated with both surgical and medical modalities. While L-Dopa has been the medical mainstay for Parkinson’s Disease, surgical techniques have evolved over the past century to the current state of stereotactic procedures in focal parts of the central nervous system. Presented here is a review of the history of this evolution. 

Motor imagery enhances corticospinal transmission mediated by cervical premotoneurons in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Shun Irie ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nakajima ◽  
Shinya Suzuki ◽  
Ryohei Ariyasu ◽  
Tomoyoshi Komiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Imaging movement has positive effects on the reacquisition of motor functions after damage to the central nervous system. This study shows that motor imagery facilitates oligosynaptic corticospinal excitation that is mediated via cervical premotoneurons, which may be important for motor recovery in monkeys and humans. Current findings highlight how this imagery might be a beneficial tool for movement disorders through effects on premotoneuron circuitry.

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