Motor imagery enhances corticospinal transmission mediated by cervical premotoneurons in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Shun Irie ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nakajima ◽  
Shinya Suzuki ◽  
Ryohei Ariyasu ◽  
Tomoyoshi Komiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Imaging movement has positive effects on the reacquisition of motor functions after damage to the central nervous system. This study shows that motor imagery facilitates oligosynaptic corticospinal excitation that is mediated via cervical premotoneurons, which may be important for motor recovery in monkeys and humans. Current findings highlight how this imagery might be a beneficial tool for movement disorders through effects on premotoneuron circuitry.

Negative and positive effects of an IAP-LTR on nearby Pcdaα gene expression in the central nervous system and neuroblastoma cell lines

Gene ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiko Sugino ◽  
Tomoko Toyama ◽  
Yusuke Taguchi ◽  
Shigeyuki Esumi ◽  
Mitsuhiro Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

In and Out of the Central Nervous System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Aminoff
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Brain

In 1811, Bell had printed privately a monograph titled Idea of a New Anatomy of the Brain. In it, Bell correctly showed that the anterior but not the posterior roots had motor functions. François Magendie subsequently showed that the anterior roots were motor, and the posterior roots were sensory. This led to a dispute about priority during which Bell republished some of his early work with textual alterations to support his claims. Bell was involved in a similar dispute with Herbert Mayo concerning the separate functions of the fifth (sensory) and seventh (motor) cranial nerves, and Mayo today is a forgotten man. In both instances, Bell deserves credit for the concepts and initial experimental approach, and Magendie and Mayo deserve credit for obtaining and correctly interpreting the definitive experimental findings.

Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Eugenol for Regulating the Central Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-658
Author(s):  
Jianze Wang ◽  
Zhiguo Lu ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Huan Peng ◽  
Tianlu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hollow Mesoporous Silica

Fragrances are extensively applied in food, daily chemicals, tobacco and medicine industries. However, too strong volatility of fragrances results in a fast release rate, thereby reducing the usage time of aromatherapy products. Although loading fragrances into nanomaterials is capable of slowing their rates of release, the encapsulation efficiency of traditional nanomaterials is very low, and the nanomaterials themselves are not stable. Herein, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (hMSNs) were designed for encapsulation of eugenol and the nano-fragrance was named EG@hMSNs. The structure of hMSNs was stable and the encapsulation rate of eugenol reached 46.5%. Besides, EG@hMSNs could significantly slow the release rate of eugenol. Subsequently, the EG@hMSNs were testified that they had positive roles in stress relief by open field tests. The molecular mechanisms of these positive effects on the central nervous system were then explored. Furthermore, the preparation method of hMSCs was simple, and the preparation cost was low. Therefore, EG@hMSNs are expected to be industrially produced and have a great application prospect.

Potential Analgesic Mechanisms of Acetaminophen

2009 ◽  
Vol 1;12 (1;1) ◽  
pp. 269-280
Author(s):  
Howard Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Central Effects ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Pathways ◽  
Key Words Acetaminophen ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Despite nearing the end of the decade of pain research, the analgesic mechanisms of one of the most widely used and popular analgesics remains uncertain. Acetaminophen (APAP) (paracetamol [PARA]) has been used clinically for over a half of a century and although clinicians seem to be comfortable with its benefits, risks, and limitations, they still remain in the dark as to precisely what is providing its pain relief. What does seem clearer is that the predominant mechanisms of APAP’s analgesic effects are in the central nervous system (CNS). Although, which central effects are largely responsible for APAP’s effects on pain continue to be uncertain. Perhaps, the most accepted theory is that of APAP’s positive effects on the serotonergic descending inhibitory pathways. However, interactions with opioidergic systems, eicosanoid systems, and/or nitric oxide containing pathways may be involved as well. Furthermore, endocannabinoid signaling may play a role in APAP’s activation of the serotonergic descending inhibitory pathways. A greater understanding of APAP’s analgesic mechanisms may promote optimal utilization of analgesic polypharmacy. Key words: Acetaminophen (APAP), paracetamol (PARA), pain, analgesia, mechanisms of action, serotonin, opioids, endocannabinoids

Movement Disorders

2016 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Anhar Hassan ◽  
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis, a disabling disorder that affects predominantly young adults between 20 and 50 years old. It affects women twice as often as men. Multiple sclerosis has a complex immunopathogenesis, variable prognosis, and an unpredictable course. Polygenic and environmental (possibly viral) factors probably have a substantial effect on susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Central Mechanisms of Tremor in Some Feline and Primate Models

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lamarre ◽  
A.J. Joffroy ◽  
M. Dumont ◽  
C. De Montigny ◽  
F. Grou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Physiological Tremor ◽  
The Central Nervous System

SUMMARY:For several years our interest has been in a postural Parkinson-like tremor at 4-6/sec. which can be produced in the monkey by lesions of the central nervous system. We have also studied the effects of harmaline, a drug which evokes or intensifies the Parkinson-like tremor in lesioned animals and which also induces a fine, generalized tremor at 7-12/sec. in normal animals. The results obtained so far indicate that these two types of tremor are generated by two independent central mechanisms which do not require the integrity of peripheral feedback loops. The experimental Parkinson-like tremor is generated by a thalamo-cortical mechanism while the olivo-cerebellar system is responsible for the faster ”physiological“ tremor. Similar tremor mechanisms may be involved in some movement disorders in man.

scholarly journals Treatable Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders Not to Be Missed

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Méneret ◽  
Béatrice Garcin ◽  
Solène Frismand ◽  
Annie Lannuzel ◽  
Louise-Laure Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Abnormal Involuntary Movements ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Hyperkinetic movement disorders are characterized by the presence of abnormal involuntary movements, comprising most notably dystonia, chorea, myoclonus, and tremor. Possible causes are numerous, including autoimmune disorders, infections of the central nervous system, metabolic disturbances, genetic diseases, drug-related causes and functional disorders, making the diagnostic process difficult for clinicians. Some diagnoses may be delayed without serious consequences, but diagnosis delays may prove detrimental in treatable disorders, ranging from functional disabilities, as in dopa-responsive dystonia, to death, as in Whipple's disease. In this review, we focus on treatable disorders that may present with prominent hyperkinetic movement disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document