Stream Pollution and Effluent Standards

In view of the new effluent standards in West Germany, including nitrification and phosphorus elimination, many of the existing sewage treatment plants will have to be rebuilt or expanded. Another demand which will have to be dealt with in the near future is denitrification. Under consideration of the large BOD5-loads which were taken into account when designing the plants, many of them nitrify during the summer or can be easily converted to operate with nitrification. Principles for planning the upgrading of such plants have been laid down in order to achieve the required effluent concentrations. The application of these principles is demonstrated with examples of upgraded plants.

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Performance Stability of Small Biological Chemical Treatment Plants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1990.0212 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (3-4) ◽

pp. 275-282

Author(s):

R. Storhaug

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Chemical Treatment ◽

Chemical Precipitation ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Precipitation Process ◽

Chemical Plants ◽

Effluent Standards ◽

Main Portion ◽

Rotating Biological Contactors ◽

Number Of Treatment

Biological and chemical treatment plants constitute a main portion of the overall number of treatment plants in Norway. The biological and chemical plants are divided into three process groups, simultaneous precipitation and activated sludge, combined precipitation and rotating biological contactors (RBC) and post precipitation and activated sludge. Aluminium sulphate or ferric chloride are the commonly used flocculants in the chemical precipitation process. Effluent data from 174 Norwegian biological chemical treatment plants are evaluated. Compared to the effluent standards for each process group, post precipitation shows the best performance. On an average these plants have the lowest actual utilization of the design capacity. The most important factors that cause the treatment plants not to meet the effluent standards are, poor quality of the sewer system, improper design of the plant and organizational problems. Satisfactory separation of particles, flow equalization and proper operational management, are the basic demands to achieve low effluent concentrations for tot-P and BOD7.

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Concept development for the optimisation of the Hamburg Wastewater Treatment Plants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0177 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (9) ◽

pp. 89-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Ladiges ◽

N-P. Bertram ◽

R. Otterpohl

Keyword(s):

Computer Simulation ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Simulation Study ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Concept Development ◽

Final Solution ◽

Effluent Standards ◽

Dynamic Computer Simulation ◽

Traditional Manner

The Hamburger Stadtentwässerung (HSE) is planning to take on a further approximately 250,000 PE in addition to the 1.85 m PE already served by its combined wastewater treatment plants at Köhlbrandhöft/Dradenau. To cope with the increased load, a concept for the extension of the plants had to be developed. Various concepts were compared and evaluated using a dynamic computer simulation. The very wide-ranging simulation study showed that the required effluent standards can still be achieved after the volume of the sludge liquor storage capacity has been increased. As many concepts had been assessed in detail, the final solution chosen was considerably less expensive than if the wastewater treatment plants had been extended in a traditional manner.

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Water quality assessment and apportionment source of pollution from neighbouring rivers in the Tapeng Lagoon (Taiwan) using multivariate analysis: a case study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.835 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (11-12) ◽

pp. 47-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S.-W. Liao ◽

J.-Y. Sheu ◽

J.-J. Chen ◽

C.-G. Lee

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Pollution Prevention ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Stream Pollution ◽

Effect Factor ◽

Habitat Recovery ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Source Of Pollution

Factor analysis was conducted to explain the characteristics and variation in the quality of water during the disassembly of oyster frames and fishery boxes. The result shows that the most important latent factors in the Tapeng Lagoon are the ocean factor, the primary productivity factor, and the fishery pollution factor. Canonical discriminant analysis is applied to identify the source of pollution in neighbouring rivers outside the Tapeng Lagoon. The two constructed discriminant functions (CDFs) showed a marked contribution to all the discriminant variables, and that total nitrogen, algae, dissolved oxygen, and total phosphate combined in the nutrient effect factor. The recognition capacities in these two CDFs were 95.6% and 4.4%, respectively. The water quality in the Kaoping river most strongly affected the water quality in the Tapeng Lagoon. Disassembling the oyster frames and fishery boxes improved the water quality markedly. However, environmental topographic conditions indicate that strengthening stream pollution prevention and constructing another entrance to the ocean are the best approaches for improving the quality of water in the Tapeng Lagoon by reducing eutrophication. These approaches and results yield useful information concerning habitat recovery and water resource management.

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STREAM POLLUTION AND PRESENT STATUS OF CONTROLLING LEGISLATION IN CALIFORNIA

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.4.10.819-a ◽

1914 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 819-834

Author(s):

Charles Gilman Hyde

Keyword(s):

Present Status ◽

Stream Pollution

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Multifactorial optimization of the decolorisation parameters of wastewaters resulting from dyeing flowers

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2009.114 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 1361-1369 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edison Gil Pavas ◽

Miguel Ángel Gómez-García

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Order Reaction ◽

Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽

First Order ◽

Effluent Standards ◽

Degradation Of Dyes ◽

Pseudo First Order ◽

Dyes Mixture

This work deals with the treatment of the wastewaters resulting from the process of dyeing flowers. In some local cases for growing flowers near to Medellín (Colombia), wastewater color was found to be one of the main problems in meeting local effluent standards. Wastewaters were treated by photodegradation process (which includes photocatalysis) to achieve the degradation of dyes mixture and organic matter in the wastewater. A multifactorial experimental design was proposed, including as experimental factors the following variables: pH, and the concentration of both catalyst (TiO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). According to the obtained results, at the optimized variables values, it is possible to reach a 99% reduction of dyes, a 76.9% of mineralization (TOC) and a final biodegradability of 0.834. Kinetic analysis allows proposing a pseudo first order reaction for the reduction, the mineralization, and the biodegradation processes.

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