New decolorization method produces more information from tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and masson-trichrome stain

2020 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 151431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisa Ozawa ◽  
Motoharu Sakaue
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

scholarly journals Role of S-100 Immunostain as An Auxiliary Diagnostic Aid in Leprosy

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (205) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Dhakhwa ◽  
Sneh Acharya ◽  
Sailesh Pradhan ◽  
Sanju Babu Shrestha ◽  
Tomoo Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Erythema Nodosum ◽  
Lupus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Histopathologic Diagnosis ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

Introduction: Histopathologic diagnosis of leprosy is difficult when Bacillary Index (BI) is zero and neural involvement are not easily identifiable on routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. This study was undertaken to study the role of S-100 immunostaining in demonstrating different patterns of nerve involvement in various types of leprosy. Methods: Thirty one skin biopsies with clinico-histopathologic diagnoses of leprosy over a period of two years were included in the study. Ten cases of non-lepromatous granulomatous dermatoses (including eight cases of lupus vulgaris and two cases of erythema nodosum) were used as controls. Tissue sections from all cases and controls were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain, Fite stain and S-100 immunostain. The H&E stained slides were used to study the histopathological features, Fite stained slides for Bacillary Index and S-100 for nerve changes. Results: Neural changes could be demonstrated in the entire spectrum of leprosy using S-100 immunostaining. The most common pattern of nerve destruction in the tuberculoid spectrum was fragmented and infiltrated whereas lepromatous spectrum showed mostly fragmented nerve twigs. Intact nerves were not detected in any of the leprosy cases. Conclusions:  S-100 immunostain is a useful auxiliary aid to the routine  H&E stain in the diagnosis of leprosy especially tuberculoid spectrum and intermediate leprosy.  Keywords: bacillary index; leprosy; S-100 immunostain.

Immunohistochemical Expression of BCL-2 in Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Faiz Rasul ◽  
Sultan Muhammad Wahid ◽  
Iman Imran ◽  
Zainab Rizvi ◽  
Rozina Jaffar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Intermediate Grade ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain ◽  
Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors

Background: Malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) consist of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with complex clinicopathological features and biological behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC), acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of salivary glands and to find out its association with different grades of these tumors. Material and Methods: This descriptive study included 55 cases of MSGTs. Tissue sections were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain as well as Bcl-2 immunostain. MSGTs were graded as low grade (Low grade MEC, ACC, PLGA, and tubular pattern of ADCC), intermediate grade (cribriform pattern of ADCC, and intermediate grade of MEC) and high grade (high grade of MEC and solid pattern of ADCC) tumors on H&E sections. Bcl-2 expression was scored as ‘negative’ (<5% of neoplastic cells), ‘1’ (5-19% of neoplastic cells), ‘2’ (20-49% of neoplastic cells), and ‘3’ (>50% of neoplastic cells), respectively. Results: MSGTs most commonly involved the parotid gland (52.7%), while ADCC (40%) and MEC (38.2%) were the most common tumors. Expression of Bcl-2 was strongly positive in 56.4% cases of MSGTs which included ADCC (71%), MEC (19.4%) and ACC (9.7%), respectively. A significant association was found between Bcl-2 staining and types of MSGTs i.e., MEC, ADCC, ACC (P = .001) as well as between Bcl-2 staining and grades of MSGTs (P = .013). Conclusions: Bcl-2 protein is expressed in malignant salivary gland tumors. Its expression maybe helpful in grading small biopsies, predicting behavior, and planning targeted therapy of MSGTs.    

scholarly journals PathoFusion: An Open-Source AI Framework for Recognition of Pathomorphological Features and Mapping of Immunohistochemical Data

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Guoqing Bao ◽  
Xiuying Wang ◽  
Ran Xu ◽  
Christina Loh ◽  
Oreoluwa Daniel Adeyinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Tumor Vasculature ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Contextual Feature ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Feature Information ◽  
Software Code

We have developed a platform, termed PathoFusion, which is an integrated system for marking, training, and recognition of pathological features in whole-slide tissue sections. The platform uses a bifocal convolutional neural network (BCNN) which is designed to simultaneously capture both index and contextual feature information from shorter and longer image tiles, respectively. This is analogous to how a microscopist in pathology works, identifying a cancerous morphological feature in the tissue context using first a narrow and then a wider focus, hence bifocal. Adjacent tissue sections obtained from glioblastoma cases were processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (CD276) staining. Image tiles cropped from the digitized images based on markings made by a consultant neuropathologist were used to train the BCNN. PathoFusion demonstrated its ability to recognize malignant neuropathological features autonomously and map immunohistochemical data simultaneously. Our experiments show that PathoFusion achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.985 ± 0.011 and 0.988 ± 0.001 in patch-level recognition of six typical pathomorphological features and detection of associated immunoreactivity, respectively. On this basis, the system further correlated CD276 immunoreactivity to abnormal tumor vasculature. Corresponding feature distributions and overlaps were visualized by heatmaps, permitting high-resolution qualitative as well as quantitative morphological analyses for entire histological slides. Recognition of more user-defined pathomorphological features can be added to the system and included in future tissue analyses. Integration of PathoFusion with the day-to-day service workflow of a (neuro)pathology department is a goal. The software code for PathoFusion is made publicly available.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based transformation of H&E stained tissues into special stains

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin de Haan ◽  
Yijie Zhang ◽  
Jonathan E. Zuckerman ◽  
Tairan Liu ◽  
Anthony E. Sisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Needle Core Biopsy ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Biopsy Tissue ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

AbstractPathology is practiced by visual inspection of histochemically stained tissue slides. While the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is most commonly used, special stains can provide additional contrast to different tissue components. Here, we demonstrate the utility of supervised learning-based computational stain transformation from H&E to special stains (Masson’s Trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff and Jones silver stain) using kidney needle core biopsy tissue sections. Based on the evaluation by three renal pathologists, followed by adjudication by a fourth pathologist, we show that the generation of virtual special stains from existing H&E images improves the diagnosis of several non-neoplastic kidney diseases, sampled from 58 unique subjects (P = 0.0095). A second study found that the quality of the computationally generated special stains was statistically equivalent to those which were histochemically stained. This stain-to-stain transformation framework can improve preliminary diagnoses when additional special stains are needed, also providing significant savings in time and cost.

Histologic Evaluation of Osseous Regeneration Following Combination Therapy With Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bio-Oss in a Rat Calvarial Critical-Size Defect Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. DeNicolo ◽  
M. Kelly Guyton ◽  
Michael F. Cuenin ◽  
Steven D. Hokett ◽  
Mohamed Sharawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Critical Size Defect ◽  
Histologic Evaluation ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain ◽  
Osseous Regeneration

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autogenous source of growth factors shown to facilitate human bone growth. Bio-Oss, an osteoconductive xenograft, is used clinically to regenerate periodontal defects, restore dental alveolar ridges, and facilitate sinus-lift procedures. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether a combination of PRP and Bio-Oss would enhance bone regeneration better than either material alone. PRP and/or Bio-Oss were administered in an 8-mm critical-size defect (CSD) rat calvarial model of bone defect between 2 polytetrafluoroethylene membranes to prevent soft tissue incursion. Eight weeks after the induction of the CSD, histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and analyzed via light microscopy. Qualitative analyses revealed new bone regeneration in all 4 groups. The Bio-Oss and PRP plus Bio-Oss groups demonstrated greater areas of closure in the defects than the control or PRP-only groups because of the space-maintaining ability of Bio-Oss. The groups grafted with Bio-Oss showed close contact with new bone growth throughout the defects, suggesting a stronger graft. The use of PRP alone or in combination with Bio-Oss, however, did not appear to enhance osseous regeneration at 8 weeks. Areas grafted with Bio-Oss demonstrated greater space-maintaining capacity than controls, and PRP was an effective vehicle for placement of the Bio-Oss. However, at 8 weeks this study was unable to demonstrate a significant advantage of using PRP plus Bio-Oss over using Bio-Oss alone.

scholarly journals Mucormycosis of the hard palate masquerading as carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhari Sharanesha Manjunatha ◽  
Nagarajappa Das ◽  
Rakesh V. Sutariya ◽  
Tanveer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Necrotic Bone ◽  
Chronic Ulcers ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Clinical Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

A growing number of medically compromised patients are encountered by dentists in their practices. Opportunistic fungal infections such as mucormycosis usually occur in immunocompromised patients but can infect healthy individuals as well. Mucormycosis is an acute opportunistic, uncommon, frequently fatal fungal infection, caused by a saprophytic fungus that belongs to the class of phycomycetes. Among the clinical differential diagnosis we can consider squamous cell carcinoma. Such cases present as chronic ulcers with raised margins causing exposure of underlying bone. There is a close histopathological resemblance between mucormycosis and aspergillosis. Microscopically, aspergillosis has septate branching hyphae, which can be distinguished from mucormycotic hyphae by a smaller width and prominent acute angulations of branching hyphae. A definitive diagnosis of mucormycosis can be made by tissue biopsy that identifies the characteristic hyphae, by positive culture or both. The culture of diseased tissue may be negative and histopathologic examination is essential for early diagnosis. Mucormycosis was long regarded as a fatal infection with poor prognosis. However with early medical and surgical management survival rates are now thought to exceed 80%. In the present case, the fungus was identified by hematoxylin and eosin stain and confirmed by Grocott’s silver methenamine special staining technique. Removal of the necrotic bone, which acted as a nidus of infection, was done. Post-operatively patient was advised an obturator to prevent oronasal regurgitation. Since mucormycosis occurs infrequently, it may pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for those who are not familiar with its clinical presentation.

scholarly journals Infiltrated Macrophages Die of Pneumolysin-Mediated Necroptosis following Pneumococcal Myocardial Invasion

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1457-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Gilley ◽  
Norberto González-Juarbe ◽  
Anukul T. Shenoy ◽  
Luis F. Reyes ◽  
Peter H. Dube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Streptococcus pneumoniae(the pneumococcus) is capable of invading the heart. Herein we observed that pneumococcal invasion of the myocardium occurred soon after development of bacteremia and was continuous thereafter. Using immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM), we observed thatS. pneumoniaereplication within the heart preceded visual signs of tissue damage in cardiac tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. DifferentS. pneumoniaestrains caused distinct cardiac pathologies: strain TIGR4, a serotype 4 isolate, caused discrete pneumococcus-filled microscopic lesions (microlesions), whereas strain D39, a serotype 2 isolate, was, in most instances, detectable only using IFM and was associated with foci of cardiomyocyte hydropic degeneration and immune cell infiltration. Both strains efficiently invaded the myocardium, but cardiac damage was entirely dependent on the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin only for D39. Early microlesions caused by TIGR4 and microlesions formed by a TIGR4 pneumolysin-deficient mutant were infiltrated with CD11b+and Ly6G-positive neutrophils and CD11b+and F4/80-positive (F4/80+) macrophages. We subsequently demonstrated that macrophages in TIGR4-infected hearts died as a result of pneumolysin-induced necroptosis. The effector of necroptosis, phosphorylated mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), was detected in CD11b+and F4/80+cells associated with microlesions. Likewise, treatment of infected mice and THP-1 macrophagesin vitrowith the receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1) inhibitor necrostatin-5 promoted the formation of purulent microlesions and blocked cell death, respectively. We conclude that pneumococci that have invaded the myocardium are an important cause of cardiac damage, pneumolysin contributes to cardiac damage in a bacterial strain-specific manner, and pneumolysin kills infiltrated macrophages via necroptosis, which alters the immune response.

scholarly journals A Transient Developmental Background Finding in the Retina Observed in Neonatal Dogs in Juvenile Toxicology Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Petruska ◽  
Amera K. Remick ◽  
Typhaine Lejeune ◽  
Mark Vezina ◽  
Keith Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Light Microscopic Examination ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

In a juvenile toxicology program, an unexpected finding of vacuolation of inner nuclear, ganglion cell, and nerve fiber layers of the retina was observed microscopically in routine Davidson’s fixed and hematoxylin and eosin–stained tissue sections of eyes in beagle dogs at approximately 5 weeks of age. There was no necrosis or degeneration of the affected cells and no associated inflammation. Fluorescein angiography revealed no vascular leakage. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) indicated swollen cells in the same layers of the retina as observed at light microscopic examination. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the retinal vacuolation likely was consistent with intracellular swelling of amacrine, horizontal, and/or bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer as affected cells had an expanded cytoplasm but contained normal nucleus and organelles. As assessed by animal behavior and full-field electroretinography, the retinal vacuolation appeared to have no impact on visual function. Retinal vacuolation was seen in approximately 40% of dogs at 5 weeks of age using OCT and/or light microscopic examination. Because the change was transient and age related, did not result in degenerative retinal changes, and was not present in dogs older than 5 weeks of age, it was considered a background developmental observation in beagle dogs.

Crooked Calf Disease: A Histological and Histochemical Examination of Eight Affected Calves

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Abbott ◽  
R. H. Finnell ◽  
G. F. Chernoff ◽  
S. M. Parish ◽  
C. C. Gay
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain ◽  
Histochemical Examination

Macroscopic, histopathologic, and histochemical investigations were made on a group of eight neonatal Angus × Hereford calves, selected from an ongoing outbreak of crooked calf disease among calving heifers. Arthrogryposis of the forelimbs was seen to varying degrees in all eight animals, and torticollis was present in six calves. Histopathology, using hematoxylin and eosin stain, did not reveal any striking or consistent lesion in the affected animals; the majority of the tissues sampled were normal. Muscle samples were processed for adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and NADH-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-tr) histochemistry, and the data suggest that a primary myopathy is not responsible for the congenital anomalies in the affected calves.

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