Artificial intelligence activities and ethical approaches in leading listed companies in the European Union

The article discusses the ethical and technical consequences of Artificial intelligence (hereinafter, A.I) applications and their usage of the European Union data protection legal framework to enable citizens to defend themselves against them. This goal is under the larger European Union Digital Single Market policy, which has concerns about how this subject correlates with personal data protection. The article has four sections. The first one introduces the main issue by describing the importance of AI applications in the contemporary world scenario. The second one describes some fundamental concepts about AI. The third section has an analysis of the ongoing policies for AI in the European Union and the Council of Europe proposal about ethics applicable to AI in the judicial systems. The fourth section is the conclusion, which debates the current legal mechanisms for citizens protection against fully automated decisions, based on European Union Law and in particular the General Data Protection Regulation. The conclusion will be that European Union Law is still under construction when it comes to providing effective protection to its citizens against automated inferences that are unfair or unreasonable.

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The European Union Artificial Intelligence Act: Potential implications for Australia

Alternative Law Journal ◽

10.1177/1037969x211052339 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1037969X2110523

Author(s):

Dan Svantesson

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

European Union ◽

Early Stage ◽

The European Union ◽

Key Features ◽

Proposed Regulation

The European Union (EU) published its proposed Regulation laying down harmonised rules for Artificial Intelligence (the Artificial Intelligence Act) on 21 April 2021. Once it comes into force, this Act will impact upon Australia. It is therefore important that Australians take note of the proposal at this relatively early stage. This article brings attention to the key features of the EU’s proposed Artificial Intelligence Act. However, the main aim is to highlight why it is important for Australia and to examine, in some detail, the rules that will determine when the Act applies to Australians.

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Ethical Artificial Intelligence in the European Union Context: Visualization for Policymaking and Decision Processes

10.1109/cmi53512.2021.9663855 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Davor Ljubenkov

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

European Union ◽

Decision Processes ◽

The European Union

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Triangulation Applied to the Intra-European Union Tomato Market

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2020/6535927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Jaime De Pablo Valenciano ◽

José Antonio Torres Arriaza ◽

Juan Uribe-Toril ◽

José Luis Ruiz-Real

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

European Union ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

Trade Flows ◽

Strong Impact ◽

The European Union ◽

Input Output ◽

Specific Product ◽

Fresh Tomato ◽

Interdependent Relationships

An understanding of the intracommunity trade is essential for the agents involved in the fresh tomato market (farmers, entrepreneurs, public administrations, and consumers). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the interdependent relationships between exporting and importing countries within the European Union for a specific product such as fresh tomatoes and thus understand which have been the key countries in three specific years (2002–2007–2017). The methodology used to study the interrelationships of trade flows in the countries of the European Union (EU) is that of triangulation by means of the Leontief input-output model. Artificial intelligence techniques are used to process and triangulate the data based on pathfinding techniques using a cost function. The triangulation results have created a hierarchy of countries (suppliers and customers). This type of methodology has not been applied to the field of foreign trade. The results show that Netherlands and Spain are key countries in intracommunity trade as they have a strong impact both with regard to their exports and their imports and are fundamental when analyzing the growth of specific sectors and how they are able to stimulate the economies of other countries.

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Neural Networks Usage in the Evaluation of European Union Cofinanced Projects

Foundations of Management ◽

10.2478/v10238-012-0018-7 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 7-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tadeusz Grzeszczyk

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Neural Networks ◽

European Union ◽

Evaluation Methods ◽

The European Union ◽

Crucial Element ◽

Computing Technologies ◽

Modern Computing

Neural Networks Usage in the Evaluation of European Union Cofinanced Projects Research concerns the implementation of modern computing technologies in the evaluation of projects cofinanced by the European Union. Crucial element of this research is the enrichment of currently used evaluation methods with modern mechanisms basing on artificial intelligence. The article deals with the possibility analysis of neural networks usage in such applications.

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Mākslīgais intelekts un nākotnes regulējuma dilemma

Tiesības un tiesiskā vide mainīgos apstākļos ◽

10.22364/juzk.79.17 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174-182

Author(s):

Ritvars Purmalis ◽

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

European Union ◽

Daily Life ◽

Civil Liability ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

The European Union ◽

Further Development ◽

Insight Into ◽

Artificial Intelligence Systems ◽

Operational Capacity

Digital innovations such as artificial intelligence systems, although limited in their current operational capacity, can be considered to be part of our daily life. Various ways in which these systems are implemented into day-to-day aspects directly affect not only the further development of the industrial sector but the society as a whole. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief insight into the current situation and the various initiatives of the European Union institutions in relation to the methodology for the application of civil liability in the case of damage caused by artificial intelligence systems, as well as to assess the content of future regulatory framework that has been published by the European Parliament, with whom it is intended to establish a common methodology throughout the European Union for the application of civil liability regime, if the damage is caused by artificial intelligence systems.

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Listed Companies

Advances in Corporate Governance ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198866367.003.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-51

Author(s):

Theodor Baums

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Corporate Governance ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Listed Companies ◽

Independent Directors ◽

Board Members ◽

The European Union ◽

Controlling Shareholder ◽

Corporate Governance Code ◽

Corporate Governance Codes

Although corporate governance codes have spread across the European Union and beyond, and are regularly revised and adapted to changing national and international expectations of investors and other stakeholders, some important questions have not yet been unanimously answered. Two of these ongoing debates are addressed in this chapter. First, where should the line be drawn between statutory provisions and corporate governance codes as an instrument of self-regulation? Second, what is the rationale behind the idea of independent directors? In particular, how should independence be understood in relation to board members: independent of the incumbent management and company or independent of a controlling shareholder? The chapter discusses both questions using the example of the German Corporate Governance Code.

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CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON WORK AND OTHER CERTAIN LEGAL SOCIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Roczniki Administracji i Prawa ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.6075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol specjalny (XXI) ◽

pp. 113-127

Author(s):

Andrzej Świątkowski

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

European Union ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Eu Member States ◽

The Future ◽

The Usa ◽

European Values ◽

Electronic Technologies ◽

The Eu

The European Union is in the initial phase of managing the conditions for the growth of artificial intelligence. Assuming that the above-mentioned electronic technology of the future should be trustworthy, guarantee the safety of its users and develop under human leadership, the Union should be able to convince the Member States of the necessary need for all interested parties to apply modern electronic technologies in practice while respecting European values, principles and human rights. The above common goal, extremely important for the future of European societies, and a uniform unified strategy for achieving it, binds the EU Member States. The above statement applies to all EU Member States, including those with above-average ambitions to become European leaders in the use of artificial intelligence for economic and social development. Considering that the European Union is competing with the USA and China, it is justified to ask whether the strategy of the development and use of artificial intelligence intended by the European Union will enable the achievement of the above goal?

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Joint Banknote Recognition and Counterfeit Detection Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19163607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (16) ◽

pp. 3607 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miseon Han ◽

Jeongtae Kim

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Machine Learning ◽

European Union ◽

Detection Method ◽

Computation Time ◽

Learning System ◽

Detection Methods ◽

The European Union ◽

Explainable Artificial Intelligence ◽

Banknote Recognition

We investigated machine learning-based joint banknote recognition and counterfeit detection method. Unlike existing methods, since the proposed method simultaneously recognize banknote type and detect counterfeit detection, it is significantly faster than existing serial banknote recognition and counterfeit detection methods. Furthermore, we propose an explainable artificial intelligence method for visualizing regions that contributed to the recognition and detection. Using the visualization, it is possible to understand the behavior of the trained machine learning system. In experiments using the United State Dollar and the European Union Euro banknotes, the proposed method shows significant improvement in computation time from conventional serial method.

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