Characterizing primary atomization of cryogenic LOX/Nitrogen and LOX/Helium sprays by visualizations coupled to Phase Doppler Interferometry

Potential alternative fuels that can mitigate environmental pollution from gas turbine engines (due to steep growth in the aviation sector globally) are getting significant attention. Spray behavior plays a significant role in influencing the combustion performance of such alternative fuels. In the present study, spray characteristics of Kerosene-based fuel (Jet A-1) and alternative aviation fuels such as butyl butyrate, butanol, and their blends with Jet A-1 are investigated using an air-blast atomizer under different atomizing air-to-fuel ratios. Phase Doppler Interferometry has been employed to obtain the droplet size and velocity distribution of various fuels. A high-speed shadowgraphy technique has also been adopted to make a comparison of ligament breakup characteristics and droplet formation of these alternative biofuels with that of Jet A-1. An effort is made to understand how the variation in fuel properties (mainly viscosity) influences atomization. Due to the higher viscosity of butanol, the SMD is higher, and the droplet formation seems to be delayed compared to Jet A-1. In contrast, the lower viscosity of butyl butyrate promotes faster droplet formation. The effects of the blending of these biofuels with Jet A-1 on atomization characteristics are also compared with that of Jet A-1.

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Simulation of Evaporating Spray and Comparison With Droplet Temperature Measurement Obtained by Rainbow Refractometer

10.1115/imece2000-2051 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Tevfik Gemci ◽

James Hom ◽

Norman Chigier

Keyword(s):

Droplet Size ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Fluid Flows ◽

Computational Results ◽

Droplet Temperature ◽

Temperature Distributions ◽

Phase Doppler Interferometry ◽

Computational Work ◽

Evaporating Spray ◽

Rainbow Refractometry

Abstract Both experimental and computational work are important in the study of spray evaporation and combustion; therefore, it is essential that a link between the two areas be established. In this study, measurements of a full cone spray using phase-Doppler interferometry and Rainbow Refractometry are presented and compared with computational results. The computation results were acquired using a KIVA-3V code, which is specifically designed to analyze transient, two- and three-dimensional, chemically reactive fluid flows with sprays. Specifically, in this study, the droplet size, velocity and temperature distributions were measured at various locations within the full cone spray. Using the same initial and boundary conditions, computation results were obtained at corresponding locations and compared with the experimental results. The experimental and computational results agree very well and indicate similar droplet size, velocity and temperature distributions at the corresponding locations. Additionally, the cooling rates and movement of the droplets show the same trends.

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Inertial Deposition Effects: A Study of Aerosol Mechanics in the Trachea Using Laser Doppler Velocimetry and Fluorescent Dye

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1516572 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 124 (6) ◽

pp. 629-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

T. E. Corcoran ◽

Norman Chigier

Keyword(s):

Steady Flow ◽

Turbulence Intensity ◽

Axial Velocity ◽

Laser Doppler Velocimetry ◽

Aerosol Deposition ◽

Fluorescent Dye ◽

Laser Doppler ◽

Doppler Velocimetry ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Phase Doppler Interferometry

This study characterizes the axial velocity and axial turbulence intensity patterns noted in the tracheal portion of a cadaver-based throat model at two different steady flow rates (18.1 and 41.1 LPM.) This characterization was performed using Phase Doppler Interferometry (Laser Doppler Velocimetry). Deposition, as assessed qualitatively using fluorescent dye, is related to the position of the laryngeal jet within the trachea. The position of the jet is dependent on the downstream conditions of the model. It is proposed therefore that lung/airway conditions may have important effects on aerosol deposition within the throat. There is no correspondence noted between regions of high axial turbulence intensity and deposition.

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SI2-3 Development of Non-dimensional Drop Size Correlations of SIDI Multi-hole Sprays Using Phase Doppler Interferometry and High Speed Imaging(SI: Spark-Ignition Engine Combustion,General Session Papers)

The Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines ◽

10.1299/jmsesdm.2012.8.615 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012.8 (0) ◽

pp. 615-621

Author(s):

Zhenkan Wang ◽

Min Xu ◽

David L. S. Hung ◽

Yuyin Zhang ◽

Wei Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Drop Size ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

High Speed Imaging ◽

General Session ◽

Phase Doppler Interferometry ◽

Engine Combustion

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Characterization of liquid entrainment in a counter flowing gas using Phase Doppler Interferometry

Chemical Engineering Research and Design ◽

10.1016/j.cherd.2017.03.020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 295-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. King ◽

T. Cai ◽

M. Resetarits ◽

K. McCarley ◽

R. Whiteley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Entrainment ◽

Phase Doppler Interferometry

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Dynamics of Pulsed Jet in Crossflow

Volume 2: Turbo Expo 2007 ◽

10.1115/gt2007-27816 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Arienti ◽

M. C. Soteriou

Keyword(s):

Stokes Equations ◽

Near Field ◽

Numerical Approach ◽

Mie Scattering ◽

Navier Stokes ◽

Navier Stokes Equations ◽

Pulsed Jet ◽

Jet In Crossflow ◽

Lagrangian Equations ◽

Phase Doppler Interferometry

We examine the effect of time-dependent forcing on jet-in-crossflow atomization in the case of pulsed liquid injection and uniform crossflow. The dynamics of the jet is captured by a numerical approach that blends interface tracking of the liquid surface with an empirical description of the atomization process. The unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations for the gas and the continuous (i.e., preceding breakup) liquid phase are solved simultaneously with the Lagrangian equations for the droplet trajectories. This approach captures the near field transient due to the opening (closing) of the fuel valve, as well as the convective delay of the spray in the far field. Validation is carried out with Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI) and Mie scattering measurements at standard conditions for pulsed jets of water and ethanol in crossflow air. The discussion is focused on the shape of the convecting spray pulse and on the trends due to variations in crossflow and jet velocities.

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Characterization of a Superheated Fuel Jet in a Crossflow

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4001978 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

May L. Corn ◽

Jeffrey M. Cohen ◽

Jerry C. Lee ◽

Donald J. Hautman ◽

Scott M. Thawley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Ambient Pressure ◽

Design Feature ◽

Dew Point ◽

Fuel Temperature ◽

High Speed Imaging ◽

Fuel Atomization ◽

Phase Doppler Interferometry ◽

Fuel Jet ◽

Submicron Droplets

An experiment was conducted to characterize a superheated fuel jet (Jet-A) injected into an unheated crossflow of air. The liquid phase of the fuel jet was characterized with high speed imaging and phase Doppler interferometry. The transition from a shear-atomized to a flash-atomized spray at a fuel temperature of 513 K (465°F) was observed at an ambient pressure of 1 atm, which is consistent with the bubble and dew point curves predicted for JP-8. The explosive breakup that was seen in the flash-atomized spray produced submicron droplets with a high radial momentum. This unique behavior makes superheated fuels an attractive design feature for fuel preparation devices that can employ flash boiling to enhance fuel atomization and mixing in a compact volume.

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Characterization of the Non-Reacting Two-Phase Flow Downstream of an Aero-Engine Combustor Dome Operating at Realistic Conditions

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations ◽

10.1115/94-gt-263 ◽

1994 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vincent G. McDonell ◽

Jason E. Seay ◽

Scott Samuelsen

Keyword(s):

Two Phase Flow ◽

General Structure ◽

Basic Structure ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Inlet Temperature ◽

Phase Flow ◽

Two Phase ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Phase Doppler Interferometry

The structure of the two-phase flow produced by a SNECMA/GEAE CFM-56 swirl cup is characterized using flow visualization and phase Doppler interferometry. Three operating conditions are examined, corresponding to 3.5, 7, and 15% power levels for the engine. Detailed measurements are obtained for the 3.5 and 7% power conditions. The results obtained are contrasted to previous results obtained in an idealized environment with the goal of assessing the relevance of such data to practical conditions. The results reveal that the increase in power has little impact upon the general structure of the flow and that even the atmospheric results provide the basic structure associated with the actual conditions. This is attributed to the similarity in pressure drop for each of the cases considered. Increasing power does lead to a systematic reduction in drop size despite exceeding crossover points for the duplex atomizer used. This difference is attributed primarily to inlet temperature changes.

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