Micropatterned dermal–epidermal regeneration matrices create functional niches that enhance epidermal morphogenesis

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSC) are present within the hypodermis and are also expected to play a pivotal role in wound healing, immunomodulation, and rejuvenation activities. They orchestrate, through their exosome, the mechanisms associated to cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell migration by upregulating genes implicated in different functions including skin barrier, immunomodulation, cell proliferation, and epidermal regeneration. ADSCs directly interact with their microenvironment and specifically the immune cells, including macrophages and T and B cells, resulting in differential inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms impacting, in return, ADSCs microenvironment and thus skin function. These useful features of ADSCs are involved in tissue repair, where the required cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses should occur rapidly in damaged sites. Different pathways involved have been reported such as Growth Differentiation Factor-11 (GDF11), Tumor Growth Factor (TGF)-β, Metalloproteinase (MMP), microRNA, and inflammatory cytokines that might serve as specific biomarkers of their immunomodulating capacity. In this review, we try to highlight ADSCs’ network and explore the potential indicators of their immunomodulatory effect in skin regeneration and aging. Assessment of these biomarkers might be useful and should be considered when designing new clinical therapies using ADSCs or their specific exosomes focusing on their immunomodulation activity.

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Topical Application of Ozonated Oils for the Treatment of MRSA Skin Infection in an Animal Model of Infected Ulcer

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10050372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 372

Author(s):

Vanessa Silva ◽

Cecília Peirone ◽

Rosa Capita ◽

Carlos Alonso-Calleja ◽

José A Marques-Magallanes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Animal Model ◽

Topical Application ◽

Early Stage ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Ozone Treatment ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Group 2 ◽

Epidermal Regeneration

Diabetic foot ulcers are a common cause of morbidity in diabetic patients. One of the main pathogens found in these ulcers is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA often carries resistance to several classes of antibiotics and their infections are becoming harder to treat. Therefore, new alternatives are urgently needed. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the capacity of topical ozonated oil application on the treatment of early-stage skin infected with MRSA in an animal model. Ozonated oil was prepared from a mixture of oils subjected to a gas stream of O2/O3 mixture. Sixteen Wistar rats were inoculated by an intradermic injection of MRSA suspension, producing an abscess lesion. After 3 days, the skin epidermis was removed to open the wound. Group 1 received an application of oil mixture without ozone treatment and Group 2 received an application of ozonated oil. After the treatment period, skin was collected, colony-forming units (CFU) of bacteria were quantified and the histological analysis of the skin was carried out. Skin samples from the control 1 and 2 had a bacterial load was of 1.1 × 105 and 5.7 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively. Group 2 showed better wound healing from mild to moderate epidermal regeneration. Topical application of ozonated vegetable oil in MRSA-infected skin in rats showed a small reduction of the bacterial load and better wound healing.

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Model of in vitro Healing to Test the Influence of Dedifferentiated Crithmum maritimum Cells on Dermal Repair and Epidermal Regeneration

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology ◽

10.1159/000321991 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Lequeux ◽

A. Lhoste ◽

M.R. Rovere ◽

C. Montastier ◽

O. Damour

Keyword(s):

Epidermal Regeneration

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Mechanics of epidermal morphogenesis in the Drosophila pupa

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thamarailingam Athilingam ◽

Prabhat Tiwari ◽

Yusuke Toyama ◽

Timothy E. Saunders

Keyword(s):

Epidermal Morphogenesis

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GLI2 Is a Regulator of β-Catenin and Is Associated with Loss of E-Cadherin, Cell Invasiveness, and Long-Term Epidermal Regeneration

Journal of Investigative Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 137 (8) ◽

pp. 1719-1730 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eleni Pantazi ◽

Emilios Gemenetzidis ◽

Muy-Teck Teh ◽

Sreekanth Vootukuri Reddy ◽

Gary Warnes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Invasiveness ◽

Epidermal Regeneration ◽

E Cadherin

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Caenorhabditis elegansPlexinA, PLX-1, interacts with transmembrane semaphorins and regulates epidermal morphogenesis

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.129.9.2053 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 129 (9) ◽

pp. 2053-2063 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takashi Fujii ◽

Fumi Nakao ◽

Yukimasa Shibata ◽

Go Shioi ◽

Eiji Kodama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Interference ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Expression System ◽

Transmembrane Proteins ◽

Axonal Guidance ◽

Heterologous Expression System ◽

C Elegans ◽

Morphological Defects ◽

Epidermal Morphogenesis ◽

Null Mutants

The plexin family transmembrane proteins are putative receptors for semaphorins, which are implicated in the morphogenesis of animal embryos, including axonal guidance. We have generated and characterized putative null mutants of the C. elegans plexinA gene, plx-1. plx-1 mutants exhibited morphological defects: displacement of ray 1 and discontinuous alae. The epidermal precursors for the affected organs were aberrantly arranged in the mutants, and a plx-1::gfp transgene was expressed in these epidermal precursor cells as they underwent dynamic morphological changes. Suppression of C. elegans transmembrane semaphorins, Ce-Sema-1a and Ce-Sema-1b, by RNA interference caused a displacement of ray 1 similar to that of plx-1 mutants, whereas mutants for the Ce-Sema-2a/mab-20 gene, which encodes a secreted-type semaphorin, exhibited phenotypes distinct from those of plx-1 mutants. A heterologous expression system showed that Ce-Sema-1a, but not Ce-Sema-2a, physically bound to PLX-1. Our results indicate that PLX-1 functions as a receptor for transmembrane-type semaphorins, and, though Ce-Sema-2a and PLX-1 both play roles in the regulation of cellular morphology during epidermal morphogenesis, they function rather independently.

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