scholarly journals Are Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward and Effortful Control Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Underlying the Eating Disorder/Obesity Spectrum?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3327
Author(s):  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Glenn Kiekens ◽  
Els Boekaerts ◽  
Lies Depestele ◽  
Eva Dierckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment

Although it has been postulated that eating disorders (EDs) and obesity form part of a broad spectrum of eating- and weight-related disorders, this has not yet been tested empirically. In the present study, we investigated interindividual differences in sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and effortful control along the ED/obesity spectrum in women. We used data on 286 patients with eating disorders (44.6% AN-R, 24.12% AN-BP, and 31.82% BN), 126 healthy controls, and 640 Class II/III obese bariatric patients (32.81% Class II and 67.19% Class III) with and without binge eating. Participants completed the behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation scales, as well as the effortful control scale, to assess sensitivity to punishment and reward and effortful control. Results showed that patients with EDs scored significantly higher on punishment sensitivity (anxiety) compared to healthy controls and Class II/III obese patients; the different groups did not differ significantly on reward sensitivity. Patients with binge eating or compensatory behaviors scored significantly lower on effortful control than patients without binge eating. Differences in temperamental profiles along the ED/obesity spectrum appear continuous and gradual rather than categorical. This implies that it may be meaningful to include emotion regulation and impulse regulation training in the treatment of both EDs and obesity.

Associations between sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and gambling

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca M. Gaher ◽  
Austin M. Hahn ◽  
Hanako Shishido ◽  
Jeffrey S. Simons ◽  
Sam Gaster
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment

scholarly journals Sex differences in neural responses to reward and the influences of individual reward and punishment sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isha Dhingra ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Simon Zhornitsky ◽  
Wuyi Wang ◽  
Thang M. Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Abstract Background Men and women show differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment, which may impact behavior in health and disease. However, the neural bases of these sex differences remain under-investigated. Here, by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT), we examined sex differences in the neural responses to wins and losses and how individual reward and punishment sensitivity modulates these regional activities. Methods Thirty-sex men and 27 women participated in the fMRI study. We assessed sensitivity to punishment (SP) and sensitivity to reward (SR) with the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). In the MIDT, participants pressed a button to collect reward ($1, 1¢, or nil), with the reaction time window titrated across trials so participants achieved a success rate of approximately 67%. We processed the Imaging data with published routines and evaluated the results with a corrected threshold. Results Women showed higher SP score than men and men showed higher SR score than women. Men relative to women showed higher response to the receipt of dollar or cent reward in bilateral orbitofrontal and visual cortex. Men as compared to women also showed higher response to dollar loss in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex. Further, in whole-brain regressions, women relative to men demonstrated more significant modulation by SP in the neural responses to wins and larger wins, and the sex differences were confirmed by slope tests. Conclusions Together, men showed higher SR and neural sensitivity to both wins, large or small, and losses than women. Individual differences in SP were associated with diminished neural responses to wins and larger wins in women only. These findings highlight how men and women may differ in reward-related brain activations in the MIDT and add to the imaging literature of sex differences in cognitive and affective functions.

scholarly journals Emotion and Psychophysiological Responses During Emotion–Eliciting Film Clips in an Eating Disorders Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie N. French ◽  
Eunice Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Psychophysiological Response ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Film Clips

Background: Greater vulnerability to negative emotions appears associated with the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). A systematic review of psychophysiological studies using emotion-eliciting film clips reveals that there are no studies examining the effect of standardized validated film clips on psychophysiological response across a range of EDs.Methods: Using standardized validated film clips without ED-specific content, the present study examined self-reported emotions and psychophysiological responses of women with Binge-Eating Disorder (BED; n = 57), Anorexia Nervosa (AN; n = 16), Bulimia Nervosa (BN; n = 34), and Healthy Controls (HCs; n = 26) at Baseline, during Neutral, Sad, Happy, and Fear-inducing film clips, and at Recovery.Results: Throughout the protocol, the ED groups reported significantly greater sadness and anxiety than HCs. Additionally, the AN group reported more fear, the BED group more frustration, and the BED and BN groups more tension than HCs. Compared to HCs, the BED group reported stronger urges to binge throughout the protocol, whereas BN group reported stronger urges to binge relative to the HC group only at Baseline and Recovery. The BN and BED groups experienced decreased urges to binge during all film clips compared to Baseline. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia levels were significantly lower in the BED group compared to HCs and the BN group throughout the protocol.Discussion: Standardized validated film clips can be used to elicit expected self-reported emotion and skin conductance responses in ED groups, although individuals with EDs compared HCs report greater negative emotions. Interestingly, film clips appeared to reduce urges to binge in binge-eating groups.

Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Reward

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Van den Berg ◽  
Ingmar H. A. Franken ◽  
Peter Muris
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
The Brain

Reward, such as monetary gain, and punishment, such as monetary loss, are capable of modifying the electrophysiological signals of the brain. Further, it is known that there are individual differences in the sensitivity for reward and punishment. This study set out to test the relationship between self-reported sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment and electrophysiological brain responses to monetary gains and losses. Subjects filled out the modified Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System scales for measuring responsiveness to reward (RR) and responsiveness to punishment (RP), and performed a gambling task. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between scores on the RR scale and P3 amplitudes on the Fz electrode location to win, loss, and break even outcomes. There was no significant correlation, however, between scores on the RP scale and the P3 amplitudes to all outcomes. For the feedback-related negativity, no significant correlations with both the RR and RP scales were present. Thus individuals scoring high on RR seem to be generally more sensitive to outcomes (either positive or negative) during a task where they might receive a reward.

scholarly journals Reward and Punishment Sensitivity in Borderline and Avoidant Personality Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kathy R. Berenson ◽  
Sarah M. Van De Weert ◽  
Stella Nicolaou ◽  
Cindy Campoverde ◽  
Eshkol Rafaeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Avoidant Personality Disorder ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
Probabilistic Reversal Learning ◽  
Reward And Punishment

The authors compared self-reported and behavioral responses to reward and punishment in individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) or avoidant personality disorder (APD) relative to a healthy comparison (HC) group. As predicted, self-reported sensitivity to reward was significantly higher in the BPD group than in the APD and HC groups. Also as predicted, self-reported sensitivity to punishment was significantly elevated in both disordered groups but significantly higher in APD than in BPD. These hypothesized patterns were also evident in responses to behavioral tasks: Participants with BPD made more errors of commission and fewer errors of omission than HC participants on a passive avoidance learning task, and participants with APD showed greater reactivity to losses than other participants on a probabilistic reversal learning task. Results help characterize differences between these two disorders.

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