Nutritional Characteristics, Glycaemic Index and Blood Glucose Lowering Property of Gluten-Free Composite Flour from Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Soybean (Glycine max), Oat-Bran (Avena sativa) and Rice-Bran (Oryza sativa)

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes is the most common medical complication in pregnancy, and it has many side effects for the mother and the fetus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat bran consumption on gestational diabetes. Methods This study is a randomized clinical trial that was performed on 112 women with gestational diabetes treated with diet. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of 56. Participants in both groups were given a diet for gestational diabetes. In addition to the diet, the intervention group received 30 g of oat bran daily for 4 weeks at lunch and dinner. Tests of fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial (2hpp) glucose were taken from both groups: before the intervention, and 2 and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 22) using independent t-test, as well as Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean blood glucose before the intervention, while 2 and 4 weeks after the intervention, mean fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial (2hpp) glucose decreased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, the addition of oat bran to the standard diet for pregnant women with gestational diabetes reduced fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial (2hpp) glucose. More detailed studies with higher sample sizes are recommended to prove the effectiveness of this valuable dietary supplement. Trial registration IRCT registration number:IRCT20191220045828N1. Registration date: 2020-04-18. Registered while recruiting.

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Glycaemic index values for commercially available potatoes in Great Britain

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20051571 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 917-921 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

C. Jeya K. Henry ◽

Helen J. Lightowler ◽

Caroline M. Strik ◽

Michael Storey

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Great Britain ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

Crossover Design ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Glycaemic Response ◽

Potato Varieties ◽

Glycaemic Load ◽

Wide Range ◽

Finger Prick

The glycaemic response to eight potato varieties commercially available in Great Britain was compared against a glucose standard in a non-blind, randomised, repeated measure, crossover design trial. Seventeen healthy subjects (three males, fouteen females), mean age 32 (sd 13) years and mean BMI 22·3 (sd 3·6) kg/m2, were recruited to the study. Subjects were served portions of eight potato varieties and a standard food (glucose), on separate occasions, each containing 50 g carbohydrate. Capillary blood glucose was measured from finger-prick samples in fasted subjects (0 min) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the consumption of each test food. For each potato variety, the glycaemic index (GI) value was calculated geometrically by expressing the incremental area under the blood glucose curve (IAUC) as a percentage of each subject's average IAUC for the standard food. The eight potato varieties exhibited a wide range in GI values from 56 to 94. A trend was seen whereby potatoes with waxy textures produced medium GI values, whilst floury potatoes had high GI values. Considering the widespread consumption of potatoes in Great Britain (933–1086 g per person per week), this information could be used to help lower the overall GI and glycaemic load of the diets of the British population.

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Effect of co-ingestion of amino acids with rice on glycaemic and insulinaemic response

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515003645 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (11) ◽

pp. 1845-1851 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yean Yean Soong ◽

Joseph Lim ◽

Lijuan Sun ◽

Christiani Jeyakumar Henry

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

Amino Acid Mixture ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

White Rice ◽

Amino Acid Mixtures

AbstractConsumption of high glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic response (GR) food such as white rice has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have reported the ability of individual amino acids to reduce GR of carbohydrate-rich foods. Because of the bitter flavour of amino acids, they have rarely been used to reduce GR. We now report the use of a palatable, preformed amino acid mixture in the form of essence of chicken. In all, sixteen healthy male Chinese were served 68 or 136 ml amino acid mixture together with rice, or 15 or 30 min before consumption of white rice. Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured at fasting and every 15 min after consumption of the meal until 60 min after the consumption of the white rice. Subsequent blood samples were taken at 30-min intervals until 210 min. The co-ingestion of 68 ml of amino acid mixture with white rice produced the best results in reducing the peak blood glucose and GR of white rice without increasing the insulinaemic response. It is postulated that amino acid mixtures prime β-cell insulin secretion and peripheral tissue uptake of glucose. The use of ready-to-drink amino acid mixtures may be a useful strategy for lowering the high-GI rice diets consumed in Asia.

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Blood glucose lowering sulfonamides with asymmetric carbon atoms. 3. Related N-substituted carbamoylbenzoic acids

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jm00192a028 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 750-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Clemens Rufer ◽

Wolfgang Losert

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Lowering ◽

Asymmetric Carbon

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Glycaemic potency reduction by coarse grain structure in breads is largely eliminated during normal ingestion

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711452100252x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

Akila SRV ◽

Suman Mishra ◽

Allan Hardacre ◽

Lara Matia-Merino ◽

Kelvin Goh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

Grain Structure ◽

Coarse Grain ◽

White Bread ◽

Starch Digestion ◽

Glycaemic Response ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract The hypothesis that coarse grain particles in breads reduce glycaemic response only if the particles remain intact during ingestion was tested. Three breads were formulated: (1) White bread (WB - reference), (2) 75% of kibbled purple wheat in 25% white bread matrix (PB), (3) a 1:1 mixture of 37.5% kibbled soy beans and 37.5% of kibble purple wheat in 25% white bread matrix (SPB). Each bread was ingested in three forms: unchewed (U), as customarily consumed (C), and homogenized (H). Twelve participants ingested 40 g available carbohydrate portions of each bread in each form, with post prandial blood glucose measured over 120 min. Glycaemic responses to WB were the same regardless of its form when ingested. Unchewed PB had significantly less glycaemic effect than WB, whereas the C and H forms were similar to WB. Based on a glycaemic index (GI) of 70 for WB the GI values for the C, U and H breads respectively were WB: 70.0, 70, 70, PB: 75, 42, 61, SPB: 57, 48, 55 (%) (Least significant difference = 17.43, p <0.05, bold numbers significantly different from WB). The similar glycaemic response to the H and C forms of the breads, and their difference from the U form, showed that the glycaemia-moderating effect of grain structure on starch digestion was lost during customary ingestion of bread. We conclude that kibbled grain structure may not effectively retard starch digestion in breads as normally consumed because it is largely eliminated by ingestive processes including chewing.

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Formulation and evaluation of gluten-free cookies from rice and green banana flour

REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE AGROTECNOLOGIA ◽

10.18378/rebagro.v12i2.8898 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 720-726

Author(s):

Maria Yarla parente ◽

FABIANA LINHARES ◽

RENATA ALBUQUERQUE COSTA ◽

MÁRCIA FACUNDO ARAGÃO

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Rice Flour ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Autoimmune Pathology ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Banana Flour ◽

Hedonic Scale ◽

Green Banana

Celiac disease (CD) is defined as an autoimmune pathology mediated by specific antibodies and is associated with genetic factors, which causes an inflammatory process of the intestinal mucosa in response to gluten ingestion. A study was conducted to evaluate some gluten-free cookie formulations using rice and green banana flour as raw material, and to evaluate the acceptance and chemical composition of the cookies elaborated. Three different cookie formulations were prepared to contain 100% rice flour, 50% rice flour and 50% green banana flour and 100% green banana flour. The following sensory attributes were evaluated: crispness, flavor, and overall impression, using the 9-point hedonic scale and purchase intention using the 5-point structured scale, to check the acceptance of cookies. The chemical composition of the formulation most accepted by sensory analysis was quantified. Sensory evaluation showed that all cookie formulations were accepted; however, the increase of the green banana flour content has resulted in lower acceptance, which may be due to the slightly bitter flavor that green banana flour gives the product. The most accepted cookie formulation had 15.78% protein, 0.80% ash, 4.31% moisture content, 12.35% lipid, and 66.77% carbohydrate. These nutritional characteristics are following Brazilian legislation. Therefore, all cookie formulations have marketing potential, which is very important, especially for people with gluten sensitivity.

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The Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Processing on Physical Properties of Processed Amaranth and Oat Bran Composites

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v6n2p82 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Sean X. Liu ◽

Diejun Chen ◽

George E. Inglett ◽

Jingyuan Xu

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

High Speed ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Cold Water ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Hot Water ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Oat Bran ◽

Amaranth Flour

Amaranth-oat composites were developed using gluten free amaranth flour containing essential amino acids and minerals with oat products containing β-glucan, known for lowering blood cholesterol. Amaranth flour and oat bran concentrate (OBC) composites (1:4) were processed using different technologies, including dry mixing, baking, steaming, cold wet blending, and high speed homogenizing (Polytron PT6000) with cold water or hot water. The results showed that water holding capacities, pasting, and rheological properties were dramatically increased by wet blending, Polytron with cold water, and Polytron with hot water followed by drum drying. The processing procedures created dissimilar physical properties that will enhance the application of ancient grains and oat for functional foods that are suitable for people who are gluten-intolerant. In addition, the dietary fiber contents of composites were increased by the incorporation of OBC. The composites can be inexpensively prepared and processed. The new healthful products will be affordable for people who suffer from celiac disease or gluten-intolerant. These innovative gluten-free functional food products will help millions of gluten sensitive consumers enjoy heart-healthy functional foods.

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