Optimization of irrigation scheduling for barley crop, combining AquaCrop and MOPECO models to simulate various water-deficit regimes

Mandarin is one of the most important Citrus cultivated in Spain and the sustainability of the crop is subject to a constant pressure for water resources among the productive sectors and to a high climatic demand conditions and low rainfall (about 250 mm per year). The availability of irrigation water in the Murcia Region is generally close to 3,500 m3 per ha and year, so it is only possible to satisfy 50 - 60% of the late mandarin ETc, which requires about 5,500 m3 per ha. For this reason, it is necessary to provide tools to farmers in order to control the water applied in each phenological phase without promoting levels of severe water stress to the crop that negatively affect the sustainability of farms located in semi-arid conditions. Stem water potential (SWP) is a plant water status indicator very sensitive to water deficit, although its measurement is manual, discontinuous and on a small-scale. &#160;In this way, indicators measured on a larger scale are necessary to achieve integrating the water status of the crop throughout the farm. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity to water deficit of different hyperspectral single bands (HSB) and their relationship with the midday SWP in mandarin trees submitted to severe water stress in different phenological phases. Four different irrigation treatments were assessed: i) a control (CTL), irrigated at 100% of the ETc throughout the growing season to satisfy plant water requirements and three water stress treatments that were irrigated at 60% of ETc throughout the season &#8211; corresponding to the real irrigation water availability &#8211; except &#160;during: ii) the end of phase I and beginning of phase II (IS IIa), iii) the first half of phase II (IS IIb) and iv) phase III of fruit growth (IS III), which irrigation was withheld until values of -1.8 MPa of SWP or a water stress integral of 60 MPa day-1. When these threshold values were reached, the spectral reflectance values were measured between 350 and 2500 nm using a leaf level spectroradiometer to 20 mature and sunny leaves on 4 trees per treatment. Twenty-four HVI and HSB were calculated and a linear correlation was made between each of them with SWP, where the &#961;940 and &#961;1250 nm single bands reflectance presented r-Pearson values of -0.78** and -0.83***, respectively. Two linear regression curves fitting were made: SWP (MPa) = -11.05 &#8729; &#961;940 + 7.8014 (R2 =0.61) and SWP (MPa) = -13.043 &#8729; &#961;1250 + 8.9757 (R2 =0.69). These relationships were obtained with three different fruit diameters (35, 50 and 65 mm) and in a range between -0.7 and -1.6 MPa of SWP. Results obtained show the possibility of using these single bands in the detection of water stress in adult mandarin trees, and thus propose a sustainable and efficient irrigation scheduling by means of unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with sensors to carry out an automated control of the plant water status and with a suitable temporal and spatial scale to apply precision irrigation.

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Soybean Irrigation Initiation in Mississippi: Yield, Soil Moisture, and Economic Response

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.12883 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 39-50

Author(s):

H. C. Pringle, III ◽

L. L. Falconer ◽

D. K. Fisher ◽

L. J. Krutz

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Potential ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Mississippi Delta ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Soil Water Deficit ◽

Soybean Yield

Abstract. Irrigated acreage is expanding and groundwater supplies are decreasing in the Mississippi Delta. Efficient irrigation scheduling of soybean [ (L.) Merr] will aid in conservation efforts to sustain groundwater resources. The objective of this study was to develop irrigation initiation recommendations for soybean grown on Mississippi Delta soils. Field studies were conducted on a deep silty clay (SiC) in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 and on a deep silty clay loam (SiCL) and deep silt loam (SiL) or loam (L) soil in 2013, 2014, and 2015. Irrigation was initiated multiple times during the growing season and soybean yield and net return were determined to evaluate the effectiveness of each initiation timing. Growth stage, soil water potential (SWP), and soil water deficit (SWD) were compared at these initiation timings to determine which parameter or combination of parameters consistently predicted the resulting greatest yields and net returns. Stress conditions that reduce yield can occur at any time from late vegetative stages to full seed on these deep soils. The wide range of trigger values found for SWP and SWD to increase yields in different years emphasizes the complexity of irrigation scheduling. Monitoring soil moisture by itself or use of a single trigger value is not sufficient to optimize irrigation scheduling to maximize soybean yield with the least amount of water every year on these soils. Monitoring one or more parameters (e.g., leaf water potential, canopy temperature, air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind) is needed in conjunction with soil moisture to directly or indirectly quantify the abiotic stresses on the plant to better define when a yield reducing stress is occurring. Keywords: Irrigation initiation, Irrigation scheduling, Soil water deficit, Soil water potential, Soybean, Water conservation.

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Use of a water deficit sensitivity index for partial irrigation scheduling of wheat and barley

Irrigation Science ◽

10.1007/s002710050039 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

B. Ghahraman ◽

A. R. Sepaskhah

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Sensitivity Index

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Root-weighted soil water status for plant water deficit index based irrigation scheduling

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 189 ◽

pp. 137-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xun Wu ◽

Wenjing Zhang ◽

Wen Liu ◽

Qiang Zuo ◽

Jianchu Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Status ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Plant Water ◽

Soil Water Status ◽

Plant Water Deficit

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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES ON IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND PRODUCTION OF ONION

International Conference on Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/ictte.2019.07.067 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 498-504

Author(s):

Vesela Petrova - Branicheva

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Regime ◽

Irrigation Rate ◽

Subsurface Drip ◽

Irrigation Technologies ◽

Surface Drip Irrigation

Fields studies were conducted in 2014-2015 on the territory of the experimental field Chelopechene to IPAZR "N. Poushkarov" on leached cinnamon forest soil. They were examined variants with different irrigation technologies in an optimal and reduced irrigation regime of onion: V1 - mikrosprinkler irrigation equipment - 100% irrigation rate; V2 - subsurface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate, V3 - subsurface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V4 - surface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate; V5 - surface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V6 - non-irrigated option. Reduction the irrigation rates by 50% at surface and subsurface irrigated results in a reduction in yield by 23 and 7%, and can be used when have water deficit.

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Adapting a Cloud-Based Irrigation Scheduler for Sugar Beets in the High Plains

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.13902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 479-488

Author(s):

Allan A. Andales ◽

Andrew C. Bartlett ◽

Troy A. Bauder ◽

Erik M. Wardle

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Crop Coefficient ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Weather Data ◽

High Plains ◽

Soil Water Deficit ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Water Deficits

Highlights An existing sugar beet crop coefficient curve (K cr ) was modified to better represent canopy development in northeast Colorado conditions. The modified K cr curve improved the estimated soil water deficits (net irrigation requirements) calculated by the cloud-based Water Irrigation Scheduler for Efficient Application (WISE App). Feedback from sugar beet growers and agronomists helped expand WISE applicability in the northern High Plains with access to additional weather station networks and functionality to aggregate irrigation data across multiple sugar beet fields or regions. Abstract . The convergence of agrometeorological network, database, and cloud-computing technologies has enabled greater accessibility of irrigation management tools for growers. The goal of this research and outreach project was to adapt an existing cloud-based irrigation scheduler (WISE) for use by sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) producers in eastern Colorado and a wider area of a cooperative operating in Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. Four center pivot sugar beet fields in northeast Colorado were monitored during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Soil water, leaf area index (LAI), and weather data were used to estimate the soil water deficit (net irrigation requirement) and to modify a crop coefficient (Kcr) curve originally reported in the literature based on growing degree days (GDD). The average cumulative GDDs for sugar beets to mature (100% maturity) was 2,944°C·d. The localized Kcr had a peak value (Kcr,mid) occurring between 43% and 69% of maturity, which corresponded to effective full cover (LAI = 3) and start of leaf senescence, respectively. In contrast, the original Kcr curve from literature had a longer duration of Kcr,mid spanning 33% to 83% of maturity. Use of the modified Kcr curve in lieu of the original Kcr curve in WISE reduced the relative error of soil water deficits by 12% to 35%. Feedback and collaborations from representative sugar beet growers and agronomists in the Western Sugar Cooperative led to expansion of WISE weather data access in the High Plains to include sugar beet growing areas in western Nebraska, eastern and northern Wyoming, and southern Montana. Keywords: Crop coefficient, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation scheduling, Soil water balance, Soil water deficit, Sugar beets.

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Crop water deficit estimation and irrigation scheduling in western Jilin province, Northeast China

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2004.07.003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 47-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Qu Sheng Li ◽

Lyman S. Willardson ◽

Wei Deng ◽

Xiu Jun Li ◽

Chang Jiang Liu

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Northeast China ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Jilin Province ◽

Crop Water ◽

Western Jilin Province ◽

Western Jilin

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CANOPY TEMPERATURES AND ACCUMULATED DEGREE DAYS ON COTTON PLANTS UNDER WATER DEFICIT

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2018v23n4p741-755 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 741-755

Author(s):

João Henrique Zonta ◽

Rudah Marques Maniçoba ◽

Ziany Neiva Brandão ◽

Mario Anastasio Carrillo ◽

José Renato Cortez Bezerra

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Degree Days ◽

Cotton Plants ◽

Phenological Cycle ◽

E Mail ◽

Accumulated Degree Days

CANOPY TEMPERATURES AND ACCUMULATED DEGREE DAYS ON COTTON PLANTS UNDER WATER DEFICIT JOÃO HENRIQUE ZONTA1; RUDAH MARQUES MANIÇOBA2; ZIANY NEIVA BRANDÃO3; MARIO ANASTASIO CARRILLO4 E JOSÉ RENATO CORTEZ BEZERRA5 1Embrapa Algodão, Rua Osvaldo Cruz, 1173, Centenário, Campina Grande – PB, CEP: 58428-095, e-mail: [email protected] 2Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572 - Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró - RN, CEP: 59625-900, e-mail: [email protected] 3Embrapa Algodão, Rua Osvaldo Cruz, 1173, Centenário, Campina Grande – PB, CEP: 58428-095, e-mail: [email protected] 4SmartFieldTM, Inc, n. 4617, 50th Street, Lubbock, Texas, 79414, e-mail: [email protected] 5Embrapa Algodão, Rua Osvaldo Cruz, 1173, Centenário, Campina Grande – PB, CEP: 58428-095, e-mail: [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT Canopy temperature is one of the best integrators of plant health and has been successfully used for irrigation scheduling. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the canopy temperature of cotton plants under water stress at different stages of the crop cycle and to determine the accumulated degree days based on canopy temperature. It was applied water deficit periods of 15 days at the following phenological stages: First Square, First Flower, Peak Bloom and Opening Bolls and control treatment. Canopy temperature was obtained using SmartCrop® wireless infrared temperature sensors. The results showed higher canopy temperatures during water deficit periods. For water deficit periods, canopy temperature values were always above the optimum temperature for cotton metabolism. As a result of the stress caused by water deficit, cotton yield was significantly reduced, with the higher yield loses recorded when applied deficit occurred during flowering stages (beginning and peak). Accumulated degree days also varied according to water stress, with a shortened phenological cycle for treatments with water deficit in comparison to the control without stress. The period for fiber thickening was also influenced by the variation in canopy temperature due to water stress, which may reflect decline in fiber quality. Keywords: Irrigation; Phenological cycle; Stress; Environmental conditions; Infrared thermometry. ZONTA, J. H.; MANIÇOBA, R. M.; BRANDÃO, Z. N.; CARRILLO, M. A. E BEZERRA, J. R. C. TEMPERATURA DO DOSSEL E GRAUS DIA ACUMULADOS EM ALGODOEIRO SOB DÉFICIT HÍDRICO 2 RESUMO A temperatura do dossel é um dos melhores assimiladores da saúde das plantas e tem sido usada com sucesso para manejo da irrigação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a temperatura do dossel do algodoeiro sob déficit hídrico em diferentes estágios fenológicos e determinar os graus dia acumulados a partir da temperatura do dossel. Foram aplicados períodos de déficit hídrico de 15 dias nos seguintes estádios fenológicos: Botão floral, Início do florescimento, Pico do florescimento e Abertura do Capulhos, além da testemunha. A temperatura do dossel foi obtida usando sensores sem fio de temperatura infravermelho SmartCrop®. Os resultados mostraram maiores temperaturas do dossel durante o déficit hídrico, quando comparados a testemunha. Para os períodos de déficit hídrico a temperatura do dossel esteve sempre acima da temperatura ótima para o metabolismo do algodoeiro. Devido ao déficit hídrico, a produtividade do algodoeiro foi significantemente reduzida, com os piores resultados para o déficit durante o florescimento (início e pico). Os graus dia acumulados variaram em função do estresse hídrico, com as plantas completando seu ciclo mais precocemente. O período de espessamento das fibras foi influenciado pela variação na temperatura do dossel devido ao estresse hídrico, podendo refletir em declínio da qualidade da fibra. Palavras-chave: Irrigação, Ciclo fenológico, Estresse, Condições ambientais, Termometria por infravermelho.