Peri-implant bone response to orthodontic loading: Part 1. A histomorphometric study of the effects of implant surface design

Implant surface design has evolved to meet oral rehabilitation challenges in both healthy and compromised bone. For example, to conquer the most common dental implant-related complications, peri-implantitis, and subsequent implant loss, implant surfaces have been modified to introduce desired properties to a dental implant and thus increase the implant success rate and expand their indications. Until now, a diversity of implant surface modifications, including different physical, chemical, and biological techniques, have been applied to a broad range of materials, such as titanium, zirconia, and polyether ether ketone, to achieve these goals. Ideal modifications enhance the interaction between the implant’s surface and its surrounding bone which will facilitate osseointegration while minimizing the bacterial colonization to reduce the risk of biofilm formation. This review article aims to comprehensively discuss currently available implant surface modifications commonly used in implantology in terms of their impact on osseointegration and biofilm formation, which is critical for clinicians to choose the most suitable materials to improve the success and survival of implantation.

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Skewness and Kurtosis: Important Parameters in the Characterization of Dental Implant Surface Roughness—A Computer Simulation

ISRN Materials Science ◽

10.5402/2011/305312 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Karl Niklas Hansson ◽

Stig Hansson

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Roughness Parameter ◽

Interface Shear Strength ◽

Interface Shear ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Response ◽

Dental Implant Surface ◽

Skewness And Kurtosis

The surface roughness affects the bone response to dental implants. A primary aim of the roughness is to increase the bone-implant interface shear strength. Surface roughness is generally characterized by means of surface roughness parameters. It was demonstrated that the normally used parameters cannot discriminate between surfaces expected to give a high interface shear strength from surfaces expected to give a low interface shear strength. It was further demonstrated that the skewness parameter can do this discrimination. A problem with this parameter is that it is sensitive to isolated peaks and valleys. Another roughness parameter which on theoretical grounds can be supposed to give valuable information on the quality of a rough surface is kurtosis. This parameter is also sensitive to isolated peaks and valleys. An implant surface was assumed to have a fairly well-defined and homogenous “semiperiodic” surface roughness upon which isolated peaks were superimposed. In a computerized simulation, it was demonstrated that by using small sampling lengths during measurement, it should be possible to get accurate values of the skewness and kurtosis parameters.

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Bone response to endosseous titanium implants surface-modified by blasting and chemical treatment: A histomorphometric study in the rabbit femur

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials ◽

10.1002/jbm.b.30884 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 84B (2) ◽

pp. 400-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jin-Woo Park ◽

Il-Sung Jang ◽

Jo-Young Suh

Keyword(s):

Chemical Treatment ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Histomorphometric Study ◽

Bone Response ◽

Surface Modified ◽

Rabbit Femur

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Implant surface design for improved implant stability – A study on Ti6Al4V dense and cellular structures produced by Selective Laser Melting

Tribology International ◽

10.1016/j.triboint.2018.08.012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 272-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F. Bartolomeu ◽

M.M. Costa ◽

J.R. Gomes ◽

N. Alves ◽

C.S. Abreu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Selective Laser Melting ◽

Cellular Structures ◽

Implant Stability ◽

Laser Melting ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Surface Design

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Alkali-Modified Titanium Surface Stimulating Formation of Bone-Implant Interface

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.749 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 361-363 ◽

pp. 749-752

Author(s):

J. Strnad ◽

Jan Macháček ◽

Z. Strnad ◽

C. Povýšil ◽

Marie Strnadová

Keyword(s):

Titanium Implant ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Healing Time ◽

Machined Surface ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Bone Response ◽

Modified Surface ◽

The Difference ◽

Titanium Implant Surface

This study was carried out to assess the bone response to alkali-modified titanium implant surface (Bio surface), using histomorphometric investigation on an animal model. The mean net contribution of the Bio surface to the increase in bone implant contact (BIC) with reference to the turned, machined surface was evaluated at 7.94 % (BIC/week), within the first five weeks of healing. The contribution was expressed as the difference in the osseointegration rates ( BIC/'healing time) between the implants with alkali modified surface (Bio surface) and those with turned, machined surface. The surface characteristics that differed between the implant surfaces, i.e. surface morphology, specific surface area, contact angle, hydroxylation/hydration, may represent factors that influence the rate of osseointegration.

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Evaluation of Peri-Implant Bone Response in Implants Retrieved for Fracture After More Than 20 Years of Loading: A Case Series

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00037 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 414-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Carlo Mangano ◽

Adriano Piattelli ◽

Carmen Mortellaro ◽

Francesco Mangano ◽

Vittoria Perrotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Close Contact ◽

Case Series ◽

Compact Bone ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Response ◽

Histological Data ◽

Maturation Stages ◽

Bone To Implant Contact ◽

The University

Analysis of human retrieved dental implants is a useful tool in the evaluation of implant success and failure. More human histological data are needed from samples of long-term implant service. The aim of the present case series was a histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the peri-implant bone responses in implants retrieved for fracture after more than 20 years loading. The archives of the Implant Retrieval Center of the Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences of the University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy were searched. A total of 5 implants, retrieved after a loading period of more than 20 years, were found: 2 had been retrieved after 20 years, 1 after 22 years, 1 after 25 years, and 1 after 27 years. All these implants were histologically processed. Compact, mature bone in close contact with the implant surface was observed in all specimens, with no gaps or connective tissue at the interface. Bone in different maturation stages was found around some implants. Primarily newly formed bone was observed in proximity of the implant surface, while mature compact bone with many remodeling areas and cement lines were detected in areas distant from the implant. Many primary and secondary osteons were present. Bone to implant contact percentage varied from 37.2% to 76%. In conclusion, histology and histomorphometry showed that even after many years of function, all implants presented more than adequate bone to implant contact and they appeared to be very well integrated in the peri-implant bone.

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