scholarly journals Definition of salt sensitivity using a statistically significant change in blood pressure on exposure to dietary salt

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. S48
Author(s):  
J KODALI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract 11: Single Cell Eccite-seq Analysis Reveal An Important Role Of Monocyte-specific Nlrp3 Inflammasome For Salt-sensitivity Of Hypertension In Humans

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley L Pitzer ◽  
Melis Sahinoz ◽  
Michael Raddatz ◽  
Celestine Wanjalla ◽  
Suman Pakala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Depletion

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is an independent predictor of death due to cardiovascular events. Diagnosis of salt-sensitivity is not feasible in the clinic, making it difficult to investigate therapeutic strategies. We hypothesized that NLRP3-inflammasome and IL-1β production in monocytes plays a role in salt-sensitive hypertension. We phenotyped salt-sensitivity of blood pressure using an acute inpatient Weinberger protocol of an isocaloric high salt diet and rapid intravenous salt-loading, followed by low salt diet and furosemide-induced salt-depletion. Ambulatory blood pressure was continuously monitored and averaged for the days of salt-loading and salt-depletion. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, salt-loading, and after salt-depletion. Median age was 54 years (44-55), 3 of the 5 subjects were female, screening systolic blood pressure was 140 mmHg (134-148), diastolic blood pressure was 88 mmHg (84-99), and BMI was 35 kg/m 2 (30-39). Using cell hashing and ECCITE-seq analysis, we profiled transcriptomes in multiple immune cell types using antibody-derived tags (ADTs). UMAP clustering of different cell types were identified by ADTs including monocyte markers CD14 and CD16. Interestingly, UMAP visualization of CD14+ and CD16+ clusters indicated a greater decrease in CD14+ clusters after salt-depletion in the salt-resistant subjects than the salt-sensitive; however the salt-sensitive subjects had a greater decrease in CD16+ clusters than the salt-resistant group after both salt-loading and salt-depletion. These data were confirmed using flow cytometry. Unlike in salt-resistant participants, we found that within monocyte clusters, salt-sensitivity was associated with down regulation of the inflammasome components NLRP3 (0.386 ± 1.18 vs. 0.197 ± 0.778) and IL-1β (0.858 ± 2.32 vs. 0.159 ± 0.925) following salt-depletion. Using flow cytometry, we found Δ% isoLG+ CD14+/CD16+ monocytes correlated with salt-sensitivity of blood pressure (r=0.88, 95% CI, p=0.05). These results suggest that the inflammasome and monocyte activation are dynamically regulated by dietary salt in vivo and can serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for salt-sensitivity of blood pressure.

scholarly journals HIV-positive demonstrate more salt sensitivity and nocturnal non-dipping blood pressure than HIV-negative individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepiso K. Masenga ◽  
Annet Kirabo ◽  
Benson M. Hamooya ◽  
Selestine Nzala ◽  
Geoffrey Kwenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Black People ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background High dietary salt and a lack of reduced blood pressure (BP) at night (non-dipping) are risk factors for the development of hypertension which may result in end-organ damage and death. The effect of high dietary salt on BP in black people of sub-Saharan Africa living with HIV is not well established. The goal of this study was to explore the associations between salt sensitivity and nocturnal blood pressure dipping according to HIV and hypertension status in a cohort of adult Zambian population. Methods We conducted an interventional study among 43 HIV-positive and 42 HIV-negative adults matched for age and sex. Study participants were instructed to consume a low (4 g) dietary salt intake for a week followed by high (9 g) dietary salt intake for a week. Salt resistance and salt sensitivity were defined by a mean arterial pressure difference of ≤5 mmHg and ≥ 8 mmHg, respectively, between the last day of low and high dietary salt intervention. Nocturnal dipping was defined as a 10–15% decrease in night-time blood pressure measured with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor. Results The median age was 40 years for both the HIV-positive and the HIV-negative group with 1:1 male to female ratio. HIV positive individuals with hypertension exhibited a higher BP sensitivity to salt (95%) and non-dipping BP (86%) prevalence compared with the HIV negative hypertensive (71 and 67%), HIV positive (10 and 24%) and HIV-negative normotensive (29 and 52%) groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Salt sensitivity was associated with non-dipping BP and hypertension in both the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups even after adjustment in multivariate logistic regression (< 0.001). Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that high dietary salt intake raises blood pressure and worsens nocturnal BP dipping to a greater extent in hypertensive than normotensive individuals and that hypertensive individuals have higher dietary salt intake than their normotensive counterparts. Regarding HIV status, BP of HIV-positive hypertensive patients may be more sensitive to salt intake and demonstrate more non-dipping pattern compared to HIV-negative hypertensive group. However, further studies with a larger sample size are required to validate this.

Salt-sensitivity classification in normotensive adults

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. MATTES ◽  
Bonita FALKNER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The objectives of this study were to assess the reliability, sensitivity and specificity of salt-sensitivity classification in normotensive adults and to determine the predictive power of four clinical indices for salt-sensitivity. A total of 66 healthy, normotensive, free-living adults were administered 11-day salt-sensitivity diagnostic dietary salt challenges on two occasions to permit assessment of classification test–retest reliability. An oral glucose tolerance test, an acute saline loading test, gustatory testing and determination of salivary flow and sodium concentration were carried out to assess (by correlation analysis) their predictive power for salt-sensitivity. Following these procedures, 21 participants followed a reduced-sodium diet for 4 months, during which blood pressure was monitored monthly to allow evaluation of salt-sensitivity classification sensitivity and specificity. Regression was used to develop a predictive model for salt-sensitivity. Salt-sensitivity classification was not highly reliable (κ-value = 0.38), sensitive (0.73) or specific (0.60). No single index was highly predictive of classification status, but a model composed of five indices accounted for 92% of the variance in blood pressure response to acute salt challenge. The dietary salt challenge procedure used here for salt-sensitivity classification of normotensive adults had low test–retest reliability. While a battery of easily measured attributes may facilitate rapid salt-sensitivity classification, such a diagnosis provides only limited insight regarding blood pressure responsiveness to chronic dietary salt restriction in normotensive adults.

scholarly journals Role of renal transporters and novel regulatory interactions in the TAL that control blood pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley A. Graham ◽  
Anna F. Dominiczak ◽  
Nicholas R. Ferreri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
Renal Transporters ◽  
High Salt Intake

Hypertension (HTN), a major public health issue is currently the leading factor in the global burden of disease, where associated complications account for 9.4 million deaths worldwide every year. Excessive dietary salt intake is among the environmental factors that contribute to HTN, known as salt sensitivity. The heterogeneity of salt sensitivity and the multiple mechanisms that link high salt intake to increases in blood pressure are of upmost importance for therapeutic application. A continual increase in the kidney’s reabsorption of sodium (Na+) relies on sequential actions at various segments along the nephron. When the distal segments of the nephron fail to regulate Na+, the effects on Na+ homeostasis are unfavorable. We propose that the specific nephron region where increased active uptake occurs as a result of variations in Na+ reabsorption is at the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TAL). The purpose of this review is to urge the consideration of the TAL as contributing to the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive HTN. Further research in this area will enable development of a therapeutic application for targeted treatment.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring-based definition of true arterial hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón C. Hermida ◽  
Artemio Mojón ◽  
José R. Fernández ◽  
Alfonso Otero ◽  
Juan J. Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Definition Of

Salt sensitivity in middle-aged population with normal blood pressure and method for determining salt sensitivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-749
Author(s):  
Fei-zhou HAN ◽  
Zheng WANG ◽  
Yan-ping DING ◽  
Qian WANG ◽  
Hong-ling LIN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged Population
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document