Antibiotic use and duration in association with Clostridioides difficile infection in a tertiary academic medical center: A retrospective case-control study

Anaerobe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrar K. Thabit ◽  
Christy A. Varugehese ◽  
Alexander R. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Mortality Following Clostridioides difficile Infection in Europe: A Retrospective Multicenter Case-Control Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Jacek Czepiel ◽  
Marcela Krutova ◽  
Assaf Mizrahi ◽  
Nagham Khanafer ◽  
David A. Enoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Control Study

We aimed to describe the clinical presentation, treatment, outcome and report on factors associated with mortality over a 90-day period in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate regression analyses were performed on data collected in a retrospective case-control study conducted in nine hospitals from seven European countries. A total of 624 patients were included, of which 415 were deceased (cases) and 209 were still alive 90 days after a CDI diagnosis (controls). The most common antibiotics used previously in both groups were β-lactams; previous exposure to fluoroquinolones was significantly (p = 0.0004) greater in deceased patients. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the factors independently related with death during CDI were older age, inadequate CDI therapy, cachexia, malignancy, Charlson Index, long-term care, elevated white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), bacteraemia, complications, and cognitive impairment. In addition, older age, higher levels of WBC, neutrophil, CRP or creatinine, the presence of malignancy, cognitive impairment, and complications were strongly correlated with shortening the time from CDI diagnosis to death. CDI prevention should be primarily focused on hospitalised elderly people receiving antibiotics. WBC, neutrophil count, CRP, creatinine, albumin and lactate levels should be tested in every hospitalised patient treated for CDI to assess the risk of a fatal outcome.

Gut Microbiota in Burned Patients with Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Case-Control Study

Burns ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Shoaei ◽  
Hasan Shojaei ◽  
Seyed Davar Siadat ◽  
Arfa Moshiri ◽  
Bahareh Vakili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Increasing levels of free thyroxine as a risk factor for a first venous thrombosis: a case-control study

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (22) ◽  
pp. 4344-4349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bregje van Zaane ◽  
Alessandro Squizzato ◽  
Roeland Huijgen ◽  
Anton P. van Zanten ◽  
Eric Fliers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Control Study

Abstract A hypercoagulable state exists in hyperthyroidism, but the association with venous thrombosis (VT) is not fully explored. We aimed to investigate VT risk for different plasma levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid antibodies. We used a case-control study on leg vein thrombosis conducted between September 1999 and August 2006 at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Parameters of thyroid function were assessed in 190 cases (mean age, 57 years; range, 19-90 years) and 379 sex-matched controls (mean age, 56 years; range, 18-93 years). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VT risk were estimated according to several cutoff levels derived from plasma levels observed in controls. We found the risk of VT to gradually rise with increasing levels of free thyroxine (FT4). In the absence of traditional acquired risk factors, FT4 levels above 17 pmol/L yielded a sex- and age-adjusted OR of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.2-4.2) for deep VT, which further increased up to an OR of 13.0 (95% CI, 1.1-154.1) for FT4 levels above reference range. Our data suggest increasing levels of FT4 to be a risk factor for VT and may have implications for both the prevention and management of this disease.

Does Physiologic Breakdown Mask Significant Pathology in Endometrial Biopsies? A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847-1849
Author(s):  
Mark Galan ◽  
Young Bae Kim ◽  
Jonathan L. Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Significant Pathology ◽  
Initial Sampling ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Context.—Adequacy criteria for endometrial biopsy samples do not exist. Objective.—To assess the sensitivity of endometrial sampling for detecting neoplasia in the setting of extensive glandular and stromal breakdown. Design.—Retrospective case-control study. Surgical pathology records between 1996 and 2005 at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, Mass) were searched for endometrial samples with diagnoses containing the key words “menstrual” or “extensive breakdown.” Hospital records for these women were parsed for demographics, clinical indications, and follow-up with rebiopsy within 6 months. Age cutoffs enriched the population for women at higher risk for carcinoma. A control group, consisting of 2 age-matched control patients for each test patient, was also studied; each control patient had an endometrial sample taken within a 6-month period and was not diagnosed with extensive breakdown, menstrual endometrium, or neoplasia on initial sampling. Results.—Fifty-four cases were identified. The primary biopsy reports had benign descriptive diagnoses (ie, proliferative, secretory, polyp). Follow-up biopsies showed benign pathology in all cases and specific causes of bleeding—including polyp, leiomyoma, or endometritis—in 28 (52%) of 54. In the control group, neoplasia was found in 2 of the 108 follow-up biopsies. Only 5 other controls had specific diagnoses; all were polyps. Conclusions.—Extensive breakdown or menstrual-pattern endometrium may mask other specific benign pathologies but does not commonly mask cancer.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis: a Case-Case-Control Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayoko Hayakawa ◽  
Dror Marchaim ◽  
Mohan Palla ◽  
Uma Mahesh Gudur ◽  
Harish Pulluru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACTAlthough much is known about vancomycin-resistant (VR)Enterococcus faecium, little is known about the epidemiology of VREnterococcus faecalis. The predilection of VRE. faecalisto transfer the vancomycin resistance determinant toStaphylococcus aureusis much greater than that of VRE. faecium. The epidemiology of VRE. faecalishas important implications regarding the emergence of vancomycin-resistantS. aureus(VRSA); 8 of 13 reported VRSA cases have been from Michigan. A retrospective case-case-control study was conducted at the Detroit Medical Center, located in southeastern Michigan. Unique patients with VRE. faecalisinfection were matched to patients with strains of vancomycin-susceptible (VS)E. faecalisand to uninfected controls at a 1:1:1 ratio. Five hundred thirty-two VRE. faecaliscases were identified and were matched to 532 VSE. faecaliscases and 532 uninfected controls. The overall mean age of the study cohort (n= 1,596) was 63.0 ± 17.4 years, and 747 (46.8%) individuals were male. Independent predictors for the isolation of VRE. faecalis(but not VSE. faecalis) compared to uninfected controls were an age of ≥65 years, nonhome residence, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, exposure to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in the prior 3 months, and immunosuppressive status. Invasive procedures and/or surgery, chronic skin ulcers, and indwelling devices were risk factors for both VRE. faecalisand VSE. faecalisisolation. Cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone exposures were unique, independent predictors for isolation of VRE. faecalis. A majority of case patients had VRE. faecalispresent at the time of admission. Control of VRE. faecalis, and ultimately VRSA, will likely require regional efforts focusing on infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.

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