Prediction of the concentration of standardized ileal digestible amino acids and safety margins among sources of distillers dried grains with solubles for growing pigs: A meta-analysis approach

ABSTRACTSix diets based on maize and soya-bean meal were prepared. The basal diet had a crude protein (CP) concentration of 171 g/kg. The same ingredients, together with maize starch, were used to give a diet with CP 131 g/kg. This diet was supplemented with all (positive control) or with three of the four amino acids lysine, threonine, tryptophan and methionine. Each diet was given at two rates of intake. From the results, the optimum ratio between these four amino acids at different planes of intake was calculated. Amino acid digestibility in the basal diet was measured at three intakes, using pigs fitted with T cannulas at the terminal ileum.The results showed that the optimum ratios between the four amino acids (expressed in terms of digestible amino acids) were not affected by the rate of food intake. The optimum ratio between the four amino acids (i.e. when they are equally limiting) was lysine 1·00, methionine + cystine 0-61, threonine 0·64 and tryptophan 0·20. Digestibility was not affected by the level of intake.

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A new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has greater digestibility of amino acids and energy, but less digestibility of phosphorus, than de-oiled DDGS when fed to growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Minoy Cristobal ◽

Jessica P Acosta ◽

Su A Lee ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Latin Square ◽

Sole Source ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Distillers Dried Grains ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Microbial Phytase

Abstract AbstractThree experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), concentration of metabolizable (ME), and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in a new source of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; ProCap DDGS) are greater than in conventional de-oiled DDGS. In experiment 1, nine barrows (initial BW: 67.2 ± 6.4 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three diets and three periods for a total of nine replicate pigs per diet. Two diets included ProCap DDGS or de-oiled DDGS as the sole source of crude protein (CP) and AA. An N-free diet was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 5 and 6 of each period after 4 d of adaptation to diets. Results from experiment 1 indicated that ProCap DDGS contained more CP and AA compared with de-oiled DDGS. The SID of all AA in ProCap DDGS was greater (P < 0.001) compared with de-oiled DDGS with the exception that the SID of Pro was not different between the two sources of DDGS. In experiment 2, 24 growing barrows (initial BW: 32.7 ± 3.1 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and used in a randomized complete block design and fed a corn-based diet or two diets containing corn and each source of DDGS with eight replicate pigs per diet. Fecal and urine samples were collected for 4 d after 7 d of adaptation. Results from experiment 2 indicated that concentration of ME in ProCap DDGS was greater (P < 0.05) compared with corn or de-oiled DDGS. In experiment 3, 32 growing barrows (initial BW: 20.2 ± 0.9 kg) were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to four diets with eight pigs per diet using a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The de-oiled DDGS and ProCap DDGS were both included in a diet without microbial phytase and a diet with microbial phytase (500 units/kg diet). Pigs were adapted to the diets for 5 d and fecal samples were collected for 4 d. Results from experiment 3 indicated that inclusion of phytase in the diet containing ProCap DDGS increased (P < 0.05) the STTD of P, but addition of phytase to the de-oiled DDGS diet did not increase STTD of P (interaction, P < 0.001), but the STTD of P was greater (P < 0.05) in de-oiled DDGS compared with ProCap DDGS. In conclusion, ProCap DDGS has greater SID of AA and contains more ME, but has reduced STTD of P compared with conventional de-oiled DDGS.

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Digestibility of amino acids, but not fiber, fat, or energy, is greater in cold-fermented, low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) compared with conventional DDGS fed to growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa297 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Diego A Rodriguez ◽

Su A Lee ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Sole Source ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Distillers Dried Grains

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the digestibility of gross energy (GE) and nutrients, and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in two sources of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are not different despite different concentrations of fat in the two sources. Cold-fermented DDGS (6.82% fat) and a conventional DDGS (9.54% fat) were used. In experiment 1, 12 growing barrows (initial body weight = 55.2 ± 3.6 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to one of three diets and two periods. Two diets contained either cold-fermented or conventional DDGS as the sole source of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA). The third diet was an N-free diet that was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of AA from the pigs. Each experimental period lasted 7 d and ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each period. Results demonstrated that values for the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and most AA were greater (P < 0.05) or tended to be greater (P < 0.10) in cold-fermented than in conventional DDGS. In experiment 2, 24 barrows (initial body weight = 17.3 ± 1.3 kg) were randomly allotted to three diets with 8 replicate pigs per diet. A corn-based basal diet and two diets containing corn and either cold-fermented DDGS or conventional DDGS were formulated. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and feces and urine were collected separately for 5 d after 7 d of adaptation. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) was greater (P < 0.01) in conventional DDGS than in cold-fermented DDGS, but there was no difference in ATTD of GE between the two sources of DDGS. However, conventional DDGS contained more (P < 0.001) DE and ME than cold-fermented DDGS because of greater GE. In conclusion, the SID of AA was greater in cold-fermented DDGS than in the conventional DDGS that was evaluated in this experiment, but the ATTD of NDF, ADF, and AEE, and ME were greater in conventional DDGS than in cold-fermented DDGS.

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63 Ileal digestibility of amino acids in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 148-148

Author(s):

Jessica P Acosta Medellin ◽

Su A Lee ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Statistical Model ◽

Latin Square ◽

Sole Source ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

High Protein ◽

High Quality ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Distillers Dried Grains ◽

Very High

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to test if standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (HP-DDGS) is greater than in conventional distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS-CV). Nine barrows (initial BW: 67.2 ± 6.4 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a triplicate 3 × 3 Latin Square design with 3 diets and 3 periods. Two diets included HP-DDGS or DDGS-CV as the sole source of CP and AA. A nitrogen-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The statistical model included ingredient as fixed effect and square, period, and animal as random effects. Results indicated that that HP-DDGS contained more CP and AA compared with DDGS-CV (Table 1). The SID of all AA in HP-DDGS were greater (P < 0.001) compared with DDGS-CV with the exception that the SID of Pro was not different between the 2 sources of DDGS. The greater concentrations of AA and values for SID of AA in HP-DDGS indicate that this new DDGS source has a very high quality and may be a great source of digestible AA in diets fed to pigs.

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