scholarly journals 63 Ileal digestibility of amino acids in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
Jessica P Acosta Medellin ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Very High

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to test if standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in a new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (HP-DDGS) is greater than in conventional distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS-CV). Nine barrows (initial BW: 67.2 ± 6.4 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a triplicate 3 × 3 Latin Square design with 3 diets and 3 periods. Two diets included HP-DDGS or DDGS-CV as the sole source of CP and AA. A nitrogen-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The statistical model included ingredient as fixed effect and square, period, and animal as random effects. Results indicated that that HP-DDGS contained more CP and AA compared with DDGS-CV (Table 1). The SID of all AA in HP-DDGS were greater (P < 0.001) compared with DDGS-CV with the exception that the SID of Pro was not different between the 2 sources of DDGS. The greater concentrations of AA and values for SID of AA in HP-DDGS indicate that this new DDGS source has a very high quality and may be a great source of digestible AA in diets fed to pigs.

scholarly journals A new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has greater digestibility of amino acids and energy, but less digestibility of phosphorus, than de-oiled DDGS when fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoy Cristobal ◽  
Jessica P Acosta ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Microbial Phytase

Abstract AbstractThree experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), concentration of metabolizable (ME), and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in a new source of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; ProCap DDGS) are greater than in conventional de-oiled DDGS. In experiment 1, nine barrows (initial BW: 67.2 ± 6.4 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three diets and three periods for a total of nine replicate pigs per diet. Two diets included ProCap DDGS or de-oiled DDGS as the sole source of crude protein (CP) and AA. An N-free diet was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 5 and 6 of each period after 4 d of adaptation to diets. Results from experiment 1 indicated that ProCap DDGS contained more CP and AA compared with de-oiled DDGS. The SID of all AA in ProCap DDGS was greater (P < 0.001) compared with de-oiled DDGS with the exception that the SID of Pro was not different between the two sources of DDGS. In experiment 2, 24 growing barrows (initial BW: 32.7 ± 3.1 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and used in a randomized complete block design and fed a corn-based diet or two diets containing corn and each source of DDGS with eight replicate pigs per diet. Fecal and urine samples were collected for 4 d after 7 d of adaptation. Results from experiment 2 indicated that concentration of ME in ProCap DDGS was greater (P < 0.05) compared with corn or de-oiled DDGS. In experiment 3, 32 growing barrows (initial BW: 20.2 ± 0.9 kg) were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to four diets with eight pigs per diet using a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The de-oiled DDGS and ProCap DDGS were both included in a diet without microbial phytase and a diet with microbial phytase (500 units/kg diet). Pigs were adapted to the diets for 5 d and fecal samples were collected for 4 d. Results from experiment 3 indicated that inclusion of phytase in the diet containing ProCap DDGS increased (P < 0.05) the STTD of P, but addition of phytase to the de-oiled DDGS diet did not increase STTD of P (interaction, P < 0.001), but the STTD of P was greater (P < 0.05) in de-oiled DDGS compared with ProCap DDGS. In conclusion, ProCap DDGS has greater SID of AA and contains more ME, but has reduced STTD of P compared with conventional de-oiled DDGS.

PSVI-18 Nutritional Value of High-protein Yeast Products Fed to Growing Pigs in Comparison to Commonly Used Protein Sources in Swine Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
Ricardo Garavito Duarte ◽  
Jorge Y Perez-Palencia ◽  
Kevin Herrick ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Swine Diets

Abstract Alternative ingredients and co-products from the ethanol and biofuel industries represent an opportunity for utilization in swine diets. The objective of this study was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in two yeast-based high protein DDGS products (HP-DDGS) fed to growing pigs in comparison to common swine diet protein sources. Cornstarch-based diets were formulated using six ingredients as the sole source of AA: spray dried HP-GDDS, ring dried HP-GDDS, conventional DDGS, soybean meal (SBM), enzymatically-treated soybean meal (HP300) and fishmeal (FM). A N-free diet was used to estimate endogenous ileal AA losses. Seven barrows (25 ± 0.8 kg BW) were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. The experiment was conducted as a 7 × 7 Latin square design with 7 collection periods of 7d (5d adaptation and 2d ileal digesta collection). Pigs were fed at 4% of BW. Diets and ileal digesta were analyzed for AA and titanium. Digestibility values were calculated according to the marker method. The CP and AA concentrations in Spray HP-GDDS and Ring HP-GDDS samples were higher than in the DDGS sample and similar to the SBM and HP300 samples. General SID values were within the mean +/- SD of NRC (2012) values for the six ingredients evaluated. The SID of AA was greater (P < 0.05) in HP300 than in the other protein sources (90.09 vs. 79.97). The SID values were generally similar (P > 0.05) in SBM, FM, Spray HP-GDDS, and Ring HP-GDDS samples (81.49, 78.71, 81.52, and 79.20). The SID values for Lys were greater (P < 0.05) in Spray HP-GDDS than in Ring HP-GDDS and DDGS (83.56 vs. 77.33 and 68.53). The HP-GDDS products are potential alternative ingredients to commonly used protein sources in swine diets and the obtained data allows its use in practical diet formulation.

scholarly journals Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on amino acid digestibility, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-653
Author(s):  
Shelby M Curry ◽  
Laia Blavi ◽  
Julian Wiseman ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to compare the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA by growing pigs in European distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) produced from wheat, maize, or wheat–maize mixtures and to test the effect of increasing the inclusion levels of wheat DDGS on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs fed diets balanced for NE and SID Lys. In Exp. 1, 12 barrows (initial BW: 23.0 ± 2.2 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to a replicated 6 × 6 Latin square design with six diets and six periods. Five sources of European DDGS were used: wheat DDGS from 2011, wheat DDGS from 2012, wheat-80 DDGS (80% wheat and 20% maize), wheat-70 DDGS (70% wheat and 30% maize), and maize DDGS. Each diet contained one source of DDGS as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of AA. Results indicated that the SID of CP was greater (P < 0.05) in maize DDGS compared with wheat DDGS from 2011, wheat DDGS from 2012, and wheat-70 DDGS. The SID of all indispensable AA except Trp was also greater (P < 0.05) in maize DDGS compared with all other DDGS sources used in this experiment. For Trp, the SID in wheat-80 DDGS, wheat DDGS from 2011, and wheat DDGS from 2012 were not different from maize DDGS, but were greater (P < 0.05) than in wheat-70 DDGS. The SID for all indispensable AA except Ile and Trp in wheat-70 DDGS were not different from the values calculated for wheat DDGS from 2011 and wheat DDGS from 2012, and no differences between SID values for AA in wheat DDGS from 2011 and wheat DDGS from 2012 were observed. In Exp. 2, 36 growing pigs (initial BW: 38.3 ± 1.97 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments (one pig/pen and nine replicate pigs/treatment) in a 2-phase feeding program (35 to 65, and 35 to 105 kg BW). The four dietary treatments included diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% wheat DDGS. Results indicated that there was no effect of wheat DDGS on pig growth performance or carcass quality. However, addition of wheat DDGS increased linearly (P < 0.015) the indole concentration in the carcasses of the pigs. In conclusion, the SID of AA in maize DDGS produced in Europe is greater than in European wheat DDGS and DDGS produced from mixtures of wheat and maize, but inclusion of 30% wheat DDGS in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs did not affect growth performance or carcass quality.

scholarly journals Digestibility of amino acids and concentrations of metabolizable energy and net energy are greater in high-shear dry soybean expellers than in soybean meal when fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A Rodriguez ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Soybean expellers may be produced by dry extrusion and mechanical oil pressing of soybeans, but there is limited information about the nutritional value of expellers produced via this procedure. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and total dietary fiber (TDF), and concentrations of DE, ME, and NE are greater in soybean expellers than in soybean meal (SBM) when fed to growing pigs. Pigs were the offspring of Line 359 boars mated to Camborough females (Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, TN). In experiment 1, nine growing barrows (initial BW: 55.98 kg ± 13.75 kg) with T-cannulas installed in the distal ileum were allotted to 1 of 3 diets using a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods. Two diets were formulated to contain 35% soybean expellers or 33% SBM as the sole source of AA. A N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each 7-d period. Results indicated that the SID of most indispensable and dispensable AA were greater (P < 0.05) or tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in soybean expellers than in SBM. In experiment 2, a corn-based diet and 2 diets based on corn and each of the 2 soybean products were formulated. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 44.88 kg ± 2.17 kg) were allotted to 1 of the 3 diets with 8 pigs per diet. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. Results indicated that the ATTD of energy and TDF was not different between soybean expellers and SBM, but the ATTD of TDF in the 2 soybean products was greater (P < 0.05) than in corn. Concentrations of DE and ME in soybean expellers were greater (P < 0.05) compared with corn or SBM. Soybean expellers had greater (P < 0.05) calculated NE compared with SBM, but there was no difference in NE between corn and soybean expellers. In conclusion, values for SID of most AA and DE, ME, and NE in soybean expellers were greater than in SBM.

Digestibility of amino acids in pigs fed distillers dried grains with solubles derived from corn, sorghum, and triticale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Darryl Ragland ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in distillers dried grains with solubles derived from corn (C-DDGS), sorghum (S-DDGS), and triticale (T-DDGS) fed to growing pigs. A total of 16 barrows (initial body weight = 23.1 ± 2.03 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were divided into 4 groups based on body weight and assigned to a quadruplicated 4 × 2 incomplete Latin Square design with 4 dietary treatments and 2 experimental periods. Three diets containing C-DDGS, S-DDGS, or T-DDGS and a nitrogen-free diet were fed in each experimental period consisting of 5-d adaptation and 2-d ileal digesta collection. Pigs fed S-DDGS had less (P < 0.05) SID of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, and methionine compared with those fed T-DDGS, which were less (P < 0.05) than the values observed from pigs fed C-DDGS. The SID of arginine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine in C-DDGS were greater (P < 0.05) than in S-DDGS but were not different from those in T-DDGS. The SID of lysine in C-DDGS was greater (P < 0.05) than in S-DDGS and T-DDGS. In conclusion, AA in S-DDGS were less digestible than those in C-DDGS and T-DDGS.

141 Relationship Between Dietary Fiber and Basal Ileal Endogenous Losses of Amino Acids in Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 72-72
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Darryl Ragland ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of sources or concentrations of dietary fiber in nitrogen-free diets (NFD) on basal ileal endogenous losses (BEL) of amino acids (AA) and subsequent standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in feed ingredients for pigs derived from such BEL. In Exp. 1, 20 pigs (initial body weight = 46.5 ± 2.97 kg) were assigned to five diets in a quadruplicate 5 × 2 incomplete Latin square design with two periods. Three NFD containing cellulose (insoluble and fermentable fiber), inulin (soluble and fermentable fiber), or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; soluble and non-fermentable fiber) at 40 g/kg plus two diets containing soybean meal (SBM) or wheat distillers’ dried grains (WDDG) as the sole source of nitrogen were prepared. Pigs fed NFD containing CMC had greater (P &lt; 0.05) BEL of AA, except for Arg and Pro, than those fed the other NFD. The SID of most AA in SBM and WDDG corrected by BEL of AA from NFD containing CMC were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those corrected by BEL of AA from the other NFD. Experiment 2 was conducted with 21 barrows (initial body weight = 34.1 ± 2.57 kg) assigned to seven diets in a triplicate 7 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with 3 periods. Seven diets consisted of three NFD containing 4, 8, or 12 g/kg cellulose and four diets containing corn, wheat, SBM, or canola meal as the sole source of nitrogen. There was no difference in the BEL of AA, except for Pro, among pigs fed NFD with increasing concentration of cellulose. The SID of AA in test ingredients were not affected by BEL of AA from NFD containing increasing concentration of cellulose. In conclusion, chemical characteristics of dietary fiber, but not concentration, affect the BEL of AA in pigs.

PSVI-13 Amino Acid Supplementation During the Adaptation Period Did Not Affect the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Corn and Soybean Meal Fed to Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Choi ◽  
Sun Jong You ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation during the adaptation period on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9 ± 2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Two experimental diets contained corn or SBM as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet was additionally prepared. For AA supplementation groups, an AA mixture consisted of Gly, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, Val, His, and Phe was added to the corn diet and the N-free diet at the expense of cornstarch, and an AA mixture of Lys, Met, and Thr was added to the SBM diet. All diets contained 0.5% of chromic oxide. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the pigs for 4 and half days, and the 3 diets containing AA mixture were switched to the respective diets without AA mixture during the following 2 and half days. Ileal digesta were collected during the last 2 days. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Arg and Trp in corn (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that in SBM. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and Gly regardless of feed ingredient (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that of other AA. All AA except Pro in corn and SBM were unaffected by the addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period. In conclusion, the addition of amino acid during the adaptation period does not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in feed ingredients.

scholarly journals PSI-12 Effect of a carbohydrase mixture on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed to growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Jichen Song ◽  
Ahmed Aljuobori ◽  
C Martin Nyachoti ◽  
Gustavo A Mejicanos
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Heat treatment could effectively decrease the antinutritional factors in soybean during meal processing. One such progress is the combination of extrusion with expelling, which produces the dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM), and there is a great interest in exploring its utilization as a dietary ingredient for swine. Thus, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 30 ± 1.3 kg) were used to determine the ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of DESBM fed to growing pigs with or without multi-carbohydrase (MC) supplementation. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design to give eight observations per treatment. The experimental diets were formulated to contain one of the two batches of DESBM (DESBM-1 and DESBM-2) as the sole source of protein. All diets contained titanium dioxide (0.3%) as an indigestible marker to calculate nutrient digestibility. Each experimental period lasted for seven days, and ileal digesta samples were collected on d 6 and d 7. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA were calculated using published mean values to estimate ileal endogenous AA losses. Data were analyzed using the mixed model procedures of SAS, and the final model had treatment, batch, and the interaction between treatment and batch as the main effects. In general, the SID of AA in DESBM-1 and DESBM-2 were not different, such as Ile, Lys, Met, Thr, and Val, which averaged 88.97%, 89.77%, 89.08%, 84.38%, and 86.85% respectively. There were no effects of MC supplementation on AID and SID of AA digestibility in DESBM except for the AID of Trp (P &lt; 0.05). Also, there were no interaction effects of MC supplementation and batch on AA digestibility in DESBM. In conclusion, enzyme supplementation did not improve the AID and SID of AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

scholarly journals Excessive heating of 00-rapeseed meal reduces not only amino acid digestibility but also metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryane S F Oliveira ◽  
Markus K Wiltafsky-Martin ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that both the degree of heating and the time that heat is applied will affect the concentration of DE and ME, and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in 00-rapeseed meal (00-RSM) fed to growing pigs. The nine treatments were prepared using a conventional 00-RSM that was either not autoclaved or autoclaved at 110 °C for 15 or 30 min or at 150 °C for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 min. In experiment 1, 20 growing barrows with an average initial BW of 21.2 ± 1.2 kg were randomly allotted to the 10 diets in a replicated 10 × 4 Youden square with 10 diets and four periods in each square. A corn-based basal diet and nine diets containing corn and each source of 00-RSM were formulated. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 5 d after 7 d of adaptation. In experiment 2, nine diets contained one of the nine sources of 00-RSM as the sole source of AA, and an N-free diet that was used to measure basal endogenous losses of AA and CP was formulated. Twenty growing barrows with an initial BW of 69.8 ± 5.7 kg had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to a 10 × 7 Youden square design with 10 diets and 7 periods. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each 7-d period. Results from the experiments indicated that there were no effects of autoclaving at 110 °C on DE and ME or on AID and SID of AA in 00-RSM, but DE and ME, and AID and SID of AA were less (P &lt; 0.01) if 00-RSM was autoclaved at 150 °C compared with 110 °C. At 150 °C, there were decreases (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) in DE and ME, and in AID and SID of AA as heating time increased. In conclusion, autoclaving at 110 °C did not affect ME or SID of AA in 00-RSM, but autoclaving at 150 °C had negative effects on ME and SID of AA and the negative effects increased as heating time increased.

scholarly journals Protein quality in experimental diets and amino acid digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Casein ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Digestibility of AA in feed ingredients for pigs has been generally determined by feeding semipurified diets containing test ingredients as a sole source of nitrogen. However, malnutrition caused by feeding semi-purified diets may affect the digestibility of AA. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study was that the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are not affected by the addition of casein in experimental diets. In Exp. 1, 20 growing pigs were allotted to dietary treatments including 2 diets containing either 480 g/kg DDGS or 308 g/kg DDGS and 60 g/kg casein. The SID of Lys and Phe for DDGS in the diet containing casein were greater (P < 0.05) than those without casein. Exp. 2 was conducted with 20 growing pigs assigned to dietary treatments containing 0, 55, 110, or 165 g/kg casein while the concentration of DDGS decreased at 466.8, 311.2, 155.6, or 0 g/kg. The SID of most indispensable AA in DDGS linearly (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing concentration of casein. Experiment 3 was conducted to verify that the results of Exp. 1 were affected by the addition of casein or by the concentration of DDGS or both. Twenty growing pigs were assigned to dietary treatments prepared as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the concentration of DDGS at 466.8 or 155.6 g/kg and casein at 0 or 110 g/kg. The SID of most indispensable AA in DDGS at 466.8 g/kg were greater (P < 0.01) than in DDGS at 155.6 g/kg regardless of dietary casein. Overall, the addition of 60 g/kg casein to experimental diets may increase the SID of AA in low-protein quality ingredients but the addition of higher concentration of casein and low concentration of dietary protein from test ingredients may decrease the SID of AA.

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