scholarly journals The impact of reducing dietary crude protein and increasing total dietary fiber on hindgut fermentation, the methanogen community and gas emission in growing pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Reza Seradj ◽  
Joaquim Balcells ◽  
Henris Morazan ◽  
Javier Alvarez-Rodriguez ◽  
Daniel Babot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Methanogen Community ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Producing Type and Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performances and Microbiota Together with Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1742
Author(s):  
Ahmad Reza Seradj ◽  
Joaquim Balcells ◽  
Laura Sarri ◽  
Lorenzo José Fraile ◽  
Gabriel de la Fuente Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
The Impact

In order to reduce dietary nitrogen and achieve an efficient protein deposition as well as decrease N wastage, we challenged the nutrient utilization efficiency of two different producing types in front of a dietary crude protein (CP) restriction and studied the role of the microbiota in such an adaptation process. Therefore, 32 pure castrated male Duroc (DU) and 32 entire male hybrid (F2) piglets were raised in a three-phase feeding regime. At each phase, two iso caloric diets differing in CP content, also known as normal protein (NP) and low protein (LP), were fed to the animals. LP diets had a fixed restriction (2%) in CP content in regards to NP ones throughout the phases of the experiment. At the end of third phase, fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis purposes and greenhouse gases emissions, together with ammonia, were tested. No changes were found in average daily feed intake (ADFI) of animals of two producing types (Duroc vs. F2) or those consumed different experimental diets (NP vs. LP) throughout the course of study. However, at the end of each experimental phase the average body weight (BW) of hybrid animals were higher compared to Duroc pigs, whereas a reverse trend was observed for average daily gain (ADG), where Duroc pigs showed greater values with respect to hybrid ones. Despite, greater CH4 and ammonia emissions in Duroc pigs with respect to F2, no significant differences were found in contaminant gases emissions between diets. Moreover, LP diets did not alter the microbial community structure, in terms of diversity, although some genera were affected by the dietary challenge. Results suggest that the impact of reducing 2% of CP content was limited for reduction in contaminant gases emissions and highlight the hypothesis that moderate change in the dietary protein levels can be overcome by long-term adaptation of the gut microbiota. Overall, the influence of the producing type on performance and digestive microbiota composition was more pronounced than the dietary effect. However, both producing types responded differently to CP restriction. The use of fecal microbiota as biomarker for predicting feed efficiency has a great potential that should be completed with robust predictive models to achieve consistent and valid results.

Effects of Food Protein Levels on Haematological Parameters of Growing Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Serge-Olivier Konan KOUASSI ◽  
◽  
Yves Bénarèce Tra DJE BI ◽  
Soualio KAMAGATE ◽  
Mathieu Nahounou BLEYERE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to determine the impact of dietary crude protein levels on the hematological parameters of Japanese quail from growth to ovipositor. To this end, five feeds with different crude protein levels (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26%) were supplied to 700 quails of three weeks of age. These were subdivided into six batches, including three batches of females and three batches of males for each feed group. After subjecting the quails to diets containing the different protein levels, four samples were taken at the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh week of age. The samples taken were analyzed using an SYSMEX XN 350 automated hematological analyzer. The results of this investigation indicated that non-significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in hematological parameters in both female and male quails. This study showed that dietary crude protein levels had no impact on the health status of Japanese quails. Keywords: Japanese quails, Crude protein, Hematological parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary crude protein and energy content on nitrogen utilisation, water intake and urinary output in growing pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja ◽  
Hilkka Siljander-Rasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein

A digestibility and balance trial was carried out with four intact castrated male pigs (live weight 33-82 kg) to study the effects of dietary crude protein and energy content on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, water intake and urinary output. In a 4 x 4 Latin square design, four barley-oats-soya bean meal based diets were arranged 2x2 factorially. The corresponding factors were dietary crude protein (CP) content: high (180 g/kg CP) or low protein diet (140 g/kg CP) supplemented with free lysine, methionine and threonine; and dietary net energy content; high (1.05 feed units (FU)/kg) (feed unit=9.3 MJ net energy) or low net energy content (0.95 FU/kg). Lowering dietary CP content (mean values of 189 to 152 g/kg dry matter, respectively) by supplementation of free amino acids decreased urinary nitrogen (N) excretion by 6.9 g/day (32%) (P

Urea Enzymatic Dialysis Procedure for Determination of Total Dietary Fiber

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-681
Author(s):  
Joseph L Jeraci ◽  
Betty A Lewis ◽  
J Peter ◽  
Van J Soest ◽  
James B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Locust Bean Gum ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Locust Bean

Abstract A method that uses urea and enzymes for determination of total dietary fiber (TDF) in foods has been developed and compared with the AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric method (43.A14-43.A20). In the evaluation, results for crude protein and ash contamination were higher by the AOAC method, particularly for samples that form gels during ethanol precipitation. The new urea enzymatic dialysis (UED) method quantitatively recovered, with less variation, more of the purified and semipurified dietary fiber products. TDF recoveries for carboxymethylcellulose and locust bean gum were 98% (SD 3.3) and 95% (SD 6.1) by the AOAC method and 99% (SD 1.0) and 100% (SD 0.6) by the UED method, respectively. The UED method was the more effective in removing starch. For kale samples, starch recovery was 3.5 and 0.2% from TDF residues obtained using the AOAC and UED methods, respectively. Differences were not significant among replicate values for determination of TDF in foods by the UED method (P >0.01). Preliminary studies suggest that the new method can separately determine soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. The data indicate that the UED method is more precise and accurate than the AOAC method.

scholarly journals Fütterungs- und nicht fütterungsbedingte Einflüsse auf den Milchharnstoffgehalt von Milchkühen – 1. Mitteilung: Fütterungsbedingte Einflussfaktoren auf den Milchharnstoffgehalt von Milchkühen

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
W. Richardt ◽  
H. Jeroch ◽  
J. Spilke
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Title of the paper: The impact of nutrition and non nutrition factors on milk urea concentration. I. The impact of nutrition factors on milk urea concentration The object of this study was to determine the impact of dietary crude protein / energy balance, stage of lactation parity, milk yield or milk protein yield, milk protein content, somatic cell count, season and herd on milk ureä concentration under the conditions of large herds (50–1000 dairy cows) and routine milk yield recording. From this data a model was created to predict the milk urea concentration for a single dairy cow or a feeding group For the analysis of the data a mixed linear model (proc mixed; SAS®, 1997) was used. The fixed effects (ratio of crude protein / energy, degradability of dietary crude protein, ruminal N-balance, lactation period, parity) was computed by generalized least-squares-means. The season, herd and month were used as random effects Milk yield or milk protein yield, milk protein content, somatic cell count and day in milk were included as Covariables in the model. The effect of dietary crude protein / energy balance on milk urea was significant (p < 0.0001). For diets with an optimal ratio of crude protein / energy (according to GfE, 1997) 226 mg/1 was calculated using least-squares-means. For diets with excess of crude protein this figure rose to 252 mg/1 In this study a significant difference in least-squares-means calculated urea concentration did not existed for degradability of dietary crude protein. On the other hand, a significant difference in least-squares-means calculated urea concentration existed for ruminal N-balance between 0 and 2.

scholarly journals Nutrient composition and functional properties: Suitability of flour of sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas) for incorporation into food production

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-908
Author(s):  
G.R. Nipuni Nayanathara Waidyarathna ◽  
Sagarika Ekanayake
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Sweet potatoes are effortlessly grown and high yielding food crop. However, these are considered as underutilized produce with limited incorporation into food industry. Hence the objectives of this study were to determine the nutrient composition and functional properties of twelve (12) sweet potato varieties available in Sri Lanka to study the potential to be incorporated into food production. The varieties analysed were Ama, Dhawala, Wariyapola White, Wariyapola Red, Shanthi, Hordi Malee, CARI 09, CARI 273, Ranabima, Gannoruwa White, Chithra and Makandura Purple. Determination of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, dietary fiber (soluble/insoluble), carbohydrates and functional properties were by standard methods. Ash, crude fat and crude protein contents comprised less than 7% (dry matter; DM) with total carbohydrate content varying between 49-80% DM in studied sweet potatoes. Total dietary fiber comprises approximately 8.5% (DM) with the highest proportion being insoluble dietary fiber. Functional properties resulted a swelling capacity of 15-27 mL with high oil absorption capacity (120-220%), emulsion activity (42-48%) and stability (above 35%), and bulking density (0.62-0.95 g/cc) with least gelation concentration of 18-30%. The results prove the ability of the studied sweet potato flours to be incorporated in composite flour mixtures and novel food products.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Fecal Crude Protein, Amino Acids Flow Amount, Fecal and Ileal Microbial Amino Acids Composition and Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Yang ◽  
Tianle He ◽  
Gifty Ziema Bumbie ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Qingju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of low protein corn-soybean meal-based diets on fecal CP, amino acid (AA) flow amount, AA digestibility and fecal and ileal microbial AA composition in growing pigs. Eighteen pigs (initial body weight = 30 ± 1.35) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with basal diets with CP levels of 12%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp level in the 12% CP and 15% CP groups is the same as 18% CP group by the addition of four crystalline Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp to the diet. The results showed that with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%, the fecal total nitrogen (N), CP and total AA (TAA) flow amount decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter (DM) digestibility, CP digestibility, TAA digestibility, essential amino acid (EAA) digestibility and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) digestibility increased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP concentration from 18% to 12%. Compared with 18% CP group, the flow amount of Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Tyr, Val, Leu and Phe in feces of pigs in the 15% CP group and 12% CP group decreased significantly, while the flow amount of Arg in the 15% CP group was lower than that in the 18% CP group and 12% CP group. The fecal microbial N and AA of the 15% CP group were higher than those of the 18% CP and 12% CP groups. Fecal TAA flow amount decreased linearly with the decrease of the dietary CP levels from 18% to 12%. Fecal TAA and NEAA flow amount also decreased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%. Except for Glu, Gly, Met, Tyr, Thr and Phe, there were significant differences among the three groups in the composition of 17 kinds of AAs in fecal microorganisms. Among the 17 AA compositions of ileal microorganisms, except Tyr and Lys, the other AAs were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05)

EFFECT OF DIETARY OAT HULLS OR WHEAT BRAN ON MINERAL UTILIZATION IN GROWING PIGS FED DIETS WITH OR WITHOUT SALINOMYCIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. MOORE ◽  
E. T. KORNEGAY ◽  
M. D. LINDEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
P Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fractional Absorption

Four balance trials were conducted to determine the effect of dietary fiber (oat hulls or wheat bran) and salinomycin on mineral absorption and balance in growing pigs. The experimental diets were a corn-soybean meal control diet (C), a diet containing 10% oat hulls (OH), a diet containing 20% wheat bran (WB), each with or without salinomycin (SM; 82 mg kg−1). The inclusion of OH decreased Ca (P < 0.06) and Zn (P < 0.01) balance, largely as a consequence of decreased fractional absorption (absorbed as a percentage of intake), and decreased (P < 0.10) P balance and efficiency of P retention (P < 0.04). OH did not influence Mg balance. WB did not affect Ca, Zn or P balance, but increased (P < 0.02) Mg balance, primarily due to an increase in Mg intake. Both OH and WB depressed absolute and fractional Na absorption (P < 0.01), with only nonsignificant reductions in Na balance. OH depressed K absorption (P < 0.01), but apparent K absorption was slightly increased (P < 0.08) by WB due to a greater K intake. Neither fiber source affected K balance. Pigs fed the OH and WB diets were in positive Mn balance, in contrast to the negative Mn balance in pigs fed the C diets. OH and WB increased (P < 0.01) Cu intake, and despite a decrease in fractional Cu absorption in pigs fed the OH (P < 0.03), balance was not affected. WB increased (P < 0.01) Cu balance. The apparent and fractional absorption of P was improved by SM (P < 0.05) only in pigs fed the WB diets. SM decreased apparent and fractional Cu absorption and Cu balance in the OH trials (P < 0.05) and WB trials (P < 0.01) for pigs fed the C diets only. SM did not influence Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn or Mn absorption and balance. The results indicate that OH, and to a lesser extent WB, decreases mineral balance in pigs. The greater effects of OH suggest that differences in the chemical and physical properties, and susceptibility to degradation, may be as important as level in the diet in determining the impact of dietary fiber on mineral balance. Key words: Swine, dietary fiber, salinomycin, mineral balance

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