scholarly journals Robust non-intrusive interpretation of occupant thermal comfort in built environments with low-cost networked thermal cameras

2019 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 113336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Li ◽  
Carol C. Menassa ◽  
Vineet R. Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Thermal Cameras

scholarly journals Monitoring of Khorasan (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum) and Modern Kabot Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Varieties by UAV and Sensor Technologies under Different Soil Tillage

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Kristýna Balážová ◽  
Jan Chyba ◽  
Jitka Kumhálová ◽  
Jiří Mašek ◽  
Stanislav Petrásek
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Thermal Cameras

Khorasan wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum (Jakubz.)) is an ancient tetraploid spring wheat variety originating from northeast parts of Central Asia. This variety can serve as a full-fledged alternative to modern wheat but has a lower yield than modern varieties. It is commonly known that wheat growth is influenced by soil tillage technology (among other things). However, it is not known how soil tillage technology affects ancient varieties. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different soil tillage technologies on the growth of the ancient Khorasan wheat variety in comparison to the modern Kabot spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety. The trial was arranged in six small plots, one half of which was sown by the Khorasan wheat variety and the other half of which was sown by the Kabot wheat variety. Three soil tillage methods were used for each cultivar: conventional tillage (CT) (20–25 cm), minimum tillage (MTC) with a coulter cultivator (15 cm), and minimization tillage (MTD) with a disc cultivator (12 cm). The soil surface of all of the variants were leveled after tillage (harrows & levelling bars). An unmanned aerial vehicle with multispectral and thermal cameras was used to monitor growth during the vegetation season. The flight missions were supplemented by measurements using the GreenSeeker hand-held sensor and plant and soil analysis. The results showed that the Khorasan ancient wheat was better suited the conditions of conventional tillage, with low values of bulk density and highvalues of total soil porosity, which generally increased the nutritional value of the yield in this experimental plot. At the same time, it was found that this ancient wheat does not deplete the soil. The results also showed that the trend of developmental growing curves derived from different sensors was very similar regardless of measurement method. The sensors used in this study can be good indicators of micronutrient content in the plant as well as in the grains. A low-cost RGB camera can provide relevant results, especially in cases where equipment that is more accurate is not available.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Low-Cost Thermal Cameras for Medical Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Villa ◽  
Natalia Arteaga-Marrero ◽  
Juan Ruiz-Alzola
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Home Monitoring ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference

Thermal imaging is a promising technology in the medical field. Recent developments in low-cost infrared (IR) sensors, compatible with smartphones, provide competitive advantages for home-monitoring applications. However, these sensors present reduced capabilities compared to more expensive high-end devices. In this work, the characterization of thermal cameras is described and carried out. This characterization includes non-uniformity (NU) effects and correction as well as the thermal cameras’ dependence on room temperature, noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD), and response curve stability with temperature. Results show that low-cost thermal cameras offer good performance, especially when used in temperature-controlled environments, providing evidence of the suitability of such sensors for medical applications, particularly in the assessment of diabetic foot ulcers on which we focused this study.

scholarly journals Light-Free Cross-Talk Analysis of a CMOS Infrared Detector Array

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ying Dai ◽  
Syed Zeeshan Ali ◽  
Richard Hopper ◽  
Claudio Falco ◽  
Daniel Popa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infrared Detector ◽  
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Monolithically Integrated ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
Thermal Imagers

Low-cost infrared (IR) thermal cameras are powering a rising market of industrial and consumer applications. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based thermopile arrays are proven thermal imagers that can be monolithically integrated into low-cost and low-power-consumption formats for high-volume manufacturability. Here we present a simple method to evaluate the cross-talk of these arrays and propose a numerical model for device optimization.

scholarly journals A Review of CFD Analysis Methods for Personalized Ventilation (PV) in Indoor Built Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Zhu ◽  
Kim ◽  
Srebric
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Computational Grids ◽  
Radiative Heat Exchange ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Convergence Criteria ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Personalized Ventilation

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an effective analysis method of personalized ventilation (PV) in indoor built environments. As an increasingly important supplement to experimental and theoretical methods, the quality of CFD simulations must be maintained through an adequately controlled numerical modeling process. CFD numerical data can explain PV performance in terms of inhaled air quality, occupants’ thermal comfort, and building energy savings. Therefore, this paper presents state-of-the-art CFD analyses of PV systems in indoor built environments. The results emphasize the importance of accurate thermal boundary conditions for computational thermal manikins (CTMs) to properly analyze the heat exchange between human body and the microenvironment, including both convective and radiative heat exchange. CFD modeling performance is examined in terms of effectiveness of computational grids, convergence criteria, and validation methods. Additionally, indices of PV performance are suggested as system-performance evaluation criteria. A specific utilization of realistic PV air supply diffuser configurations remains a challenging task for further study. Overall, the adaptable airflow characteristics of a PV air supply provide an opportunity to achieve better thermal comfort with lower energy use based on CFD numerical analyses.

scholarly journals Development and assessment of a low-cost embedded system for evaluation of animal thermal comfort

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
M. V. S. Chaves ◽  
W. G. Vale ◽  
M. M. Cunha ◽  
P. A. C. B. Vale ◽  
A. M. Enes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

Technologically advanced animal production requires more controlled environments, aiming to maximize animal performance and, consequently, the profitability of the activity. To do that, it is necessary to instrument, evaluate and diagnose the various rearing environments. Hence, Precision Animal Production is inserted in this context and aims to effectively meet the general needs of the animal, so that it reach its full productive potential, correcting the divergences between the environment and its well-being to guarantee its comfort. Since Brazil is a country with tropical climate, which is a major obstacle, the proposal of this project is to develop a prototype for embedded system of thermal comfort analysis at low cost. Using sensors and the microcontroller Arduino to manage data, this work fulfilled its objective, with a prototype device (WGV-1c) capable of measuring dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, black globe temperature, relative humidity, BGHI and THI with production cost below that proposed by the market.

scholarly journals Application of wearable EEG sensors for indoor thermal comfort measurements

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Silvia Angela Mansi ◽  
Ilaria Pigliautile ◽  
Camillo Porcaro ◽  
Anna Laura Pisello ◽  
Marco Arnesano
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Wearable Eeg

Multidomain comfort theories have been demonstrated to interpret human thermal comfort in buildings by employing human-centered physiological measurements coupled with environmental sensing techniques. Thermal comfort has been correlated with brain activity through electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements. However, the application of low-cost wearable EEG sensors for measuring thermal comfort has not been thoroughly investigated. Wearable EEG devices provide several advantages in terms of reduced intrusiveness and application in real-life contexts. However, they are prone to measurement uncertainties. This study presents results from the application of an EEG wearable device to investigate changes in the EEG frequency domain at different indoor temperatures. Twenty-three participants were enrolled, and the EEG signals were recorded at three ambient temperatures: cold (16 °C), neutral (24 °C), and warm (31 °C). Then, the analysis of brain Power Spectral Densities (PSDs) was performed, to investigate features correlated with thermal sensations. Statistically significant differences of several EEG features, measured on both frontal and temporal electrodes, were found between the three thermal conditions. Results bring to the conclusion that wearable sensors could be used for EEG acquisition applied to thermal comfort measurement, but only after a dedicated signal processing to remove the uncertainty due to artifacts.

scholarly journals Smart Sensing competence for heritage building performance: An Experimental Field Study to Evaluate the Actual Smart Sensing Measurements of Thermal Comfort compared to POE Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Gehan Nagy ◽  
Esraa Abdelhady
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Smart Sensing

In the past few years, the field of thermal comfort has been using the term smart sensing widely. However, barriers may occur due to the inaccuracy of the data collected by smart sensing. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the thermal comfort of occupied heritage buildings by utilizing post occupancy evaluation (POE) as a tool in addition to smart sensing. The accuracy of the overall evaluation process using POE will be increased. The applicable case study presented in the paper is an office space within a building consider as a heritage building in Downtown Cairo. This paper argues the errors obtained due the inaccuracy of data collected from low-cost smart sensors to provide a list of assumed barriers in order to overcome them. The comparison between a POE study results and the actual thermal measurements results obtained from smart sensors installed to evaluate the office’s thermal comfort through evaluating the data collected for temperature and humidity in the period of 6 months during the summer. On the other hand, a questionnaire was taken by the occupants in the office to apply the POE study. Therefore, the results of both the data collected from sensors and the questionnaire from the POE study to determine the barriers caused by lack of accuracy.

scholarly journals FIRST ASSESSMENTS ON HERITAGE SCIENCE ORIENTED IMAGE-BASED MODELING USING LOW-COST MODIFIED AND MOBILE CAMERAS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Adamopoulos ◽  
F. Rinaudo ◽  
A. Bovero
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Metric Properties ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Heritage Science ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Good Quality Image

Abstract. Three-dimensional modeling of cultural heritage, especially concerning large scale studies, as for example, archaeometry, diagnostics and conservation intervention applications, which usually require high-resolution and multi-spectral analyses, necessitates the use of complicate and often expensive equipment. Recent developments regarding low-cost commercially available spectrally modified digital reflex cameras, smartphones with good quality image sensors, mobile thermal cameras in combination with automated or semi-automated photogrammetric software implementing Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multiview Stereo (MVS) algorithms constitute some cheaper and simpler alternatives. Although, the results of the integration of these types of sensors and techniques are often not evaluated as metric products. The presented research combines the above-mentioned instrumentation and software to implement and evaluate low-cost 3D modeling solutions on heritage science-oriented case studies, but also to perform some first assessments on the resulting models' metric properties, quality of texture and usefulness for further scientific investigations.

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