Smart Sensing competence for heritage building performance: An Experimental Field Study to Evaluate the Actual Smart Sensing Measurements of Thermal Comfort compared to POE Results

In the past few years, the field of thermal comfort has been using the term smart sensing widely. However, barriers may occur due to the inaccuracy of the data collected by smart sensing. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the thermal comfort of occupied heritage buildings by utilizing post occupancy evaluation (POE) as a tool in addition to smart sensing. The accuracy of the overall evaluation process using POE will be increased. The applicable case study presented in the paper is an office space within a building consider as a heritage building in Downtown Cairo. This paper argues the errors obtained due the inaccuracy of data collected from low-cost smart sensors to provide a list of assumed barriers in order to overcome them. The comparison between a POE study results and the actual thermal measurements results obtained from smart sensors installed to evaluate the office’s thermal comfort through evaluating the data collected for temperature and humidity in the period of 6 months during the summer. On the other hand, a questionnaire was taken by the occupants in the office to apply the POE study. Therefore, the results of both the data collected from sensors and the questionnaire from the POE study to determine the barriers caused by lack of accuracy.

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Mapping Tourism Potential Based on Urban Heritage Tourism in Medan City

CSR International Journal ◽

10.35307/csrij.v1i1.16 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Ponirin ◽

Tappil Rambe ◽

Leylia Khairani

Keyword(s):

Heritage Tourism ◽

Tourist Destinations ◽

City Hall ◽

Urban Heritage ◽

Study Results ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Heritage Building ◽

Tourism Potential ◽

The City ◽

Heritage Area

The city of Medan is the third-largest city in Indonesia and has historical buildings or heritage that can be revitalized as a cultural heritage with tourism potential that can be developed. However, until now, the colonial heritage buildings have been destroyed up to 70%. This research method uses a tourism anthropology approach with a qualitative research type that focuses on tourist destinations. The research location is a heritage area, a colonial heritage building in the Merdeka Square segment, Maimoon segment, Benteng segment, Youth segment, Polonia segment, and Sambu segment. The study results reveal that Medan has a heritage in the form of historic buildings that have the potential to be developed and represent the identity of the city of Medan. The potential for tourism development can be carried out in 3 (three) potential areas, namely: 1) The youth segment, which includes Gedung Juang 45, which currently functions as the Sumatran Money Museum, Tip Top Restaurant, and Tjong A Fie Mansion. 2) the Maimoon segment, which includes: Maimoon Palace and the Great Mosque. 3) The Merdeka Square segment includes City Hall, which currently functions as the Grand City Hall, Hotel De Boer (currently called Grand Inna Hotel), and the London Sumatra building. Through urban tourism based on urban heritage tourism, tourists can be invited to appreciate and interpret the objects observed. It serves as education and recreation for the community. This activity is also a means of preserving the wealth and identity of the city of Medan.

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H-BIM AND THE DOMAINS OF DATA INVESTIGATIONS OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS CURRENT STATE OF THE ART

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-661-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽

pp. 661-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Khalil ◽

S. Stravoravdis

Keyword(s):

Structural Integrity ◽

Solid Base ◽

Building Performance ◽

Intermediate Point ◽

Current State ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Heritage Building ◽

Variable Morphology ◽

And Performance ◽

Investigation Process

Abstract. Heritage BIM can represent many advantages for heritage building documentation, restoration, retrofitting and management. However, the most complicated challenge concerning H-BIM is the inevitability of starting at an intermediate point in the asset’s life cycle, which can be much more complex than the relatively straightforward cradle-to-grave model that describes new-build construction (Historic England, 2017). This leads to irregular geometry, non-homogeneous materials, variable morphology, not documented changes, damage and various stages of construction. These challenges put more weight on the surveying, documentation, modelling and visualisation phase within the process of HBIM.Many investigation tools can be used and combined to document and investigate the fabric of historic buildings. This paper reviews the literature and the state of art of the different domains of data that could be included in the documentation and investigation process of the built heritage, in order to assess the breadth and depth by which heritage buildings can be documented. These data can vary from outer geometry survey, to sub-surface materials and structural integrity investigations, to data concerning the building performance, as well as the historic records concerning the building`s morphology over time, which can help to create a more in-depth knowledge about the heritage buildings` status and performance and can create a solid base for any required restoration and retrofitting processes.

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Simulation analysis and thermal comfort assessment of indoor environment of the heritage building in gate tower

Indoor and Built Environment ◽

10.1177/1420326x20908920 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1420326X2090892

Author(s):

Qunli Zhang ◽

Hongbao Zhai ◽

Xinchao Zhang ◽

Fang Liu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Distribution System ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Indoor Environment ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Heating System ◽

Air Conditioning System ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Heritage Building ◽

Air Control

The thermal comfort inside heritage buildings in China is mostly achieved with the use of split air conditioning and radiator heating system. Due to inefficiencies in the design of those systems, the regulation of air temperature is generally inadequate. To meet the thermal comfort requirements of the partial significant room, which is the meeting hall area, and to preserve the external walls and facade, this paper simulates and analyses typical working conditions of air control schemes in the gate tower and suggests the use of a floor-type fan coil air conditioning system. The results show that the proposed air distribution system can maintain a temperature of 295 K in the summer, which meets the thermal comfort requirements of the meeting hall. This method takes into account the requirement for thermal comfort, as well as the requirements of heritage preservation. Our proposal contributes to the growing literature, which studies methods of improving the thermal comfort of the indoor environment of heritage buildings.

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Development of Maintenance Cost Prediction Model for Heritage Buildings

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v74.4523 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sodangi Mahmoud ◽

Mohd Faris Khamidi ◽

Arazi Idrus ◽

Olanrewaju Abdul-Lateef Ashola

Keyword(s):

Prediction Model ◽

Case Studies ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Building Performance ◽

Cost Prediction ◽

Maintenance Costs ◽

Financial Plan ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Heritage Building

The lack of a simple and accurate method of estimating heritage buildings maintenance costs makes it difficult for custodians and owners of heritage building to make realistic maintenance budgets and to develop good financial plan for managing the maintenance works to heritage buildings. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for predicting the maintenance costs of heritage buildings. To achieve the aforementioned objective, the paper combined a literature review, cost modeling, survey and case studies. The survey and case studies were adopted in order to validate the maintenance cost prediction model. The model validation results show that the maintenance cost prediction model has about 93% accuracy in predicting annual maintenance cost for heritage buildings based on the building age, gross floor area and building performance index. The model could help custodians and owners of heritage building to forecast maintenance costs easily and accurately, make realistic maintenance budgets and to develop good financial plan for managing the maintenance works of the buildings in their care.

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Essential Entities towards Developing an Adaptive Reuse Model for Organization Management in Conservation of Heritage Buildings in Malaysia

Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal ◽

10.21834/e-bpj.v3i7.1241 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 265

Author(s):

Mohd Hanizun Hanafi ◽

Mohd Umzarulazijo Umar ◽

Arman Abdul Razak ◽

Zul Zakiyudin Abdul Rashid

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Reuse ◽

Ar Model ◽

Building Performance ◽

Significant Finding ◽

Organization Management ◽

Major Player ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Heritage Building ◽

The Common ◽

Common Understanding

The paper purposely to explore, review and confirm the keys factors that have enormous impact and influence on the conservation of heritage building in Malaysia. A focus on developing an adaptive reuse (AR) model as a decision-making tool in enhancing the heritage building performance by equipping substantial information to the relevant organization, such as authority and the private sector. These papers enlighten the significant finding from the excessive literature review within the trustworthy sources. Factors influence in heritage building being set accordingly to bridge the gap and tighten up the common understanding of the major player

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Assessments on Sustainability Potential by Upgrade of Existing Heritage Buildings: a case study of Liyuan Courtyard in Qingdao, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-76675/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Huang ◽

Yufan Xiao ◽

Fan Yu

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Building Performance ◽

Performance Simulation ◽

Building Performance Simulation ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Energy Behavior ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Heritage Building

Abstract Background: The existing heritage buildings are considered as symbols of the original spirit of a city, which also contains vitality and resilience through centuries. In Qingdao, the Liyuan courtyard styles are still existed as a very regional and representative colonial residential architecture form in the urban development history from 1900s in this city. Method: The research here made the hypotheses of the heritage buildings can regain its authentic appearance while achieve energy efficiency in building performance through optimization and renovation strategies. The sustainability potentials assessment is discussed and evaluated with field investigation in a Liyuan building case study by on-site observation and building performance simulation analysis of two renovation options.Result and Discussion: One model with façade supplemented in the insulation layers in the envelope walls and another model with further upgrade with consideration of recycling materials mixed were discussed and estimated with building performance simulation method. Both scenarios improved the energy efficiency, while the advanced model could achieve better result in the building energy behavior dramatically.Conclusion: This research paper verified the hypotheses of sustainability embodied in Liyuan buildings. It also confirmed the vitality and resilience could be regained through history with considerable and reasonable guideline in strategy together with personal alternatives. Technologies innovation helps to improve their energy performance by reducing consumption or self-supplying on the existing buildings renovation actions. Every specific choices of renovation action could achieve low energy goals and impose optional positive effects on the behavior of the living comfort preference. Multicriteria considerations might influence the balanced between different factors when making decisions in the heritage building restoration and it is expected to empower the fresh glory in the development of heritage building protection and restoration.

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Multi-Camera Workflow Applied to a Cultural Heritage Building: Alhambra’s Torre de la Cautiva from the Inside

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage5010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 21-41

Author(s):

Anto J. Benítez ◽

Xose Prieto Souto ◽

Manuel Armenteros ◽

Esteban M. Stepanian ◽

Rubén Cantos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Low Cost ◽

3D Models ◽

Artificial Lighting ◽

Digital Representations ◽

Lighting Conditions ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Heritage Building ◽

Texture Characterization ◽

Historical Periods

It is increasingly necessary to generate accessible and navigable digital representations of historical or heritage buildings. This article explains the workflow that was applied to create such a digital component for one of the least accessible areas of the Alhambra palace in Granada, the so-called Torre de la Cautiva (Tower of the Captive). The main goal of this process was to create affordable, photorealistic 3D models that contribute to the dissemination of cultural heritage, the decision making for its conservation and restoration, and public engagement and entertainment. With enough preparation, the time spent gathering data following a Structure from Motion (SfM) approach can be significantly reduced by using a multi-camera (low cost DSLR) photogrammetric strategy. Without the possibility of artificial lighting, it was essential to use RAW images and calibrate the color in the scene for material and texture characterization. Through processing, the amount of data was reduced by optimizing the model’s topology. Thus, a photorealistic result was obtained that could be managed and visualized in immersive Visual Reality (VR) environments, simulating different historical periods and environmental and lighting conditions. The potential of this method allows, with slight modifications, the creation of HBIMs and the adaptation to VR systems development, whose current visualization quality is below the resolution of actionable models in rendering engines.

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Regeneration of a historic city block: the example of the relocation of the historic Atelier building to the cloister area of the Congregation of the Resurrection in Krakow

Urban Development Issues ◽

10.2478/udi-2019-0018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 77-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bogusław Podhalański ◽

Anna Połtowicz

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Steel Structure ◽

City Block ◽

Raising Awareness ◽

Straight Line ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Heritage Building ◽

Historic City ◽

The City

Abstract The article discusses a project that features the relocation of the historic Atelier building, built by Krakow-based architect Wandalin Beringer (1839–1923) who was active in the early twentieth century, and the regeneration of a plot belonging to the Congregation of the Resurrection since 1885, which is located at 12 Łobzowska Street in Krakow. The method includes cutting the entire structure off at the foundation and then after reinforcing it with a steel structure transporting it in its entirety to the new location. The project included two possible variants of moving the building in a straight line, either by 21 or 59 metres and evaluates two projects of further regeneration, the adaptive reuse of the building as an exhibition and religious space as well as a proposal for the remodelling of the nearby plot that belongs to the Congregation into a space for meditation and as a recreational park. The aim of these measures is to prevent the demolition of this building, now over a century old, as a result of which a forgotten element of the cultural heritage of the city will be saved. This project was based on the results of analyses of the cultural and historical conditions of Krakow. The block of buildings in which the Atelier in question is located is a very attractive location, near to the very centre of Krakow, adjacent to residential, service and educational buildings. It is directly adjacent to the Monastery Complex of the Congregation of the Resurrection, listed as a heritage building under conservation protection (municipal registry of heritage buildings). In the second half of the twentieth century, the building was used as a workroom by artists such as Xawery Dunikowski and later by the sculptress Teodora Stasiak. The case of the Atelier may provide an inspiration for discussion as well as raising awareness among citizens and city authorities to avoid future situations in which cultural heritage may become forgotten or demolished.

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POTENTIAL EVALUATION OF YELLOW COTTON (COCHLOSPERMUM REGIUM) PIGMENTS FOR DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS APPLICATION

10.37516/global.j.sci.eng.2020.008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

PHITCHAPHORN KHAMMEE ◽

YUWALEE UNPAPROM ◽

UBONWAN SUBHASAEN ◽

RAMESHPRABU RAMARAJ

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency ◽

Photoelectric Conversion ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Natural Pigments ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Study Results ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

Recently, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have concerned significant attention attributable to their material preparation process, architectural and environmental compatibility, also low cost and effective photoelectric conversion efficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to use potential plant materials for DSSC. This research presents the extraction of natural pigments from yellow cotton flowers (Cochlospermum regium). In addition, the natural pigments were revealed that outstanding advantages, including a wide absorption range (visible light), easy extraction method, safe, innocuous pigments, inexpensive, complete biodegradation and ecofriendly. Methanol was used as a solvent extraction for the yellow cotton flower. The chlorophylls and carotenoid pigments extractions were estimated by a UV-visible spectrometer. The chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and carotenoid yield were 0.719±0.061 µg/ml, 1.484±0.107 µg/ml and 7.743±0.141 µg/ml, respectively. Thus, this study results suggested that yellow cotton flowers containing reasonable amounts appealable in the DSSC production.

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Barriers on Establishing Passive Strategies in Office Spaces: A Case Study in a Historic University Building

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4563

Author(s):

Nuno Baía Baía Saraiva ◽

Luisa Dias Dias Pereira ◽

Adélio Rodrigues Gaspar ◽

José Joaquim da Costa

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Indoor Environment ◽

Hvac Systems ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Full Capacity ◽

Free Cooling ◽

Passive Strategies ◽

The University ◽

Indoor Conditions

The adaptation of spaces to different usage typologies can be complex in heritage buildings. Facilities were initially planned for a specific type of use that, when changed, require additional measures to ensure a suitable indoor environment. Passive strategies—e.g., free cooling—are commonly used as an alternative without requiring equipment installation. However, its implementation often leads to unsatisfactory conditions. Therefore, it is important to clarify the main barriers to achieving thermal comfort in readapted historic buildings. The present work investigates the thermal comfort conditions reported by workers in office spaces of a historic building in the University of Coimbra. A monitoring campaign was carried out between May and September 2020 to assess indoor conditions’ quality. Due to the current pandemic of COVID-19, offices were not occupied at full capacity. A one-day evaluation of thermal comfort was made using a climate analyzer and six occupants were surveyed on 19 August 2020. The main results highlighted discomfort due to overheating of spaces. The causes were related to the combination of inadequate implementation of the free cooling actions and the building use. Furthermore, it was recommended the installation of HVAC systems in case of full capacity.

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