scholarly journals Parental involvement, child temperament, and parents' work hours: Differential relations for mothers and fathers

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey L. Brown ◽  
Brent A. McBride ◽  
Kelly K. Bost ◽  
Nana Shin
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Differential Relations

scholarly journals Parental Involvement and Executive Function in Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A Berg ◽  
Deborah J Wiebe ◽  
Eunjin Lee Tracy ◽  
Caitlin S Kelly ◽  
Daniel Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Growth Curve Models

Abstract Objective To examine (a) changes in parental involvement across early emerging adulthood, (b) whether yearly fluctuations in parental involvement were associated with adherence and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) over time, and (c) whether higher involvement was more beneficial for those with poorer executive function (EF). Methods A total of 228 high school seniors (M age = 17.76) with type 1 diabetes reported on mothers’ and fathers’ acceptance, knowledge of diabetes activities, disclosure to mothers and fathers regarding diabetes, and adherence at four yearly time points. At baseline, participants completed performance-based measures of EF. HbA1c was collected from assay kits. Results Growth curve models revealed significant declines in disclosure to fathers and mothers’ and fathers’ knowledge of diabetes activities; no changes were found in mothers’ or fathers’ acceptance nor disclosure to mothers. Multilevel models indicated significant between-person effects for nearly all aspects of parental involvement with more acceptance, knowledge, and disclosure associated with better HbA1c and adherence. Within-person effects for disclosure to fathers, and mothers’ and fathers’ knowledge indicated that in years when emerging adults perceived higher amounts of these types of involvement (compared with their own average), HbA1c was lower. Within-person effects were found for acceptance to mothers, disclosure to mothers and fathers, and mothers’ diabetes knowledge for adherence. Disclosure to fathers and mothers’ knowledge of diabetes activities were especially beneficial for HbA1c for those with poorer EF performance. Conclusions Parental involvement in diabetes management remains important during the high-risk time of emerging adulthood, especially for those with poorer EF.

Social Support, Education Levels, and Parents’ Involvement: A Comparison Between Mothers and Fathers of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Sharabi ◽  
Dafna Marom-Golan
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Parents Involvement

Parental involvement plays a critical role in the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and can promote children’s developmental and educational outcomes. This study aimed to compare mothers and fathers of children with ASD’s social support and education levels in relation to their level of involvement. Participants included 107 parents (61 mothers, 46 fathers) of children with ASD aged 2 to 7 years. Three instruments measured parents’ involvement, formal and informal social support, and education levels. As hypothesized, mothers reported higher levels of involvement than fathers, which related to their informal support (non-formal relatives), while fathers reported receiving greater formal support than mothers. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed unique gender differences in the predictors of parental involvement. For example, parental education positively predicted involvement only among fathers. Practical implications for services and child–family interventions are discussed.

scholarly journals Changes in Parents’ Domestic Labor During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Carlson ◽  
Richard Petts ◽  
Joanna R. Pepin
Keyword(s):  
Work And Family ◽  
Household Labor ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Time Availability ◽  
At Home

Stay-at-home orders and the removal of care and domestic supports brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic substantially disrupted parents’ work and family lives. This study leverages this exogenous event to test key theoretical explanations of couples’ divisions of domestic labor. Using novel data from 1,025 partnered, different-sex US parents, our analysis shows an overall increase in domestic responsibilities for mothers, who were already doing most of the household labor, as well as an increase in fathers’ contributions. Driven by increases in fathers’ time spent on housework and childcare, we find that both mothers and fathers report a general shift toward more egalitarian divisions of household labor. Consistent with a time availability perspective, the findings indicate the relevance of increased time at home —due to unemployment, reduced work hours, and telecommuting— as a fundamental factor underlying change in parents’ division of domestic responsibilities.

scholarly journals Long work hours of mothers and fathers are linked to increased risk for overweight and obesity among preschool children: longitudinal evidence from Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghong Li ◽  
Till Kaiser ◽  
Matthias Pollmann-Schult ◽  
Lyndall Strazdins
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Child Overweight ◽  
Long Work Hours ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundMost existing studies on maternal employment and childhood overweight/obesity are from the USA. They are predominantly cross-sectional and show a consistent linear association between the two. Less is known about the joint impact of fathers’ and mothers’ work hours on childhood overweight and obesity.ObjectivesTo examine the impact of maternal and paternal work hours on overweight/obesity among children aged 1–6 years in Germany using longitudinal data.MethodsChild body weight and height and their parents’ work hours were collected for 2413 children at ages 0–1, ages 2–3 and ages 5–6. Overweight and obesity was defined using the body mass index percentiles based on the Cole LMS-Method. Random effects model was conducted, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics of parents and children.ResultsCompared with non-employment, when mothers worked 35 or more hours per week, the risk for child overweight and obesity increased among preschool children. When fathers worked 55 or more hours per week, this effect was strengthened and maternal part-time hours (24–34 per week) also became a risk for child overweight and obesity. The effect was mainly found in high-income families.ConclusionsBoth mothers’ and fathers’ long work hours matter to young children’s overweight status. Employment protection and work time regulation for both working parents during the first 6 years of the child’s life should be considered in future policy.

A comparative study of child temperament and parenting in Beijing, China and the western United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L. Porter ◽  
Craig H. Hart ◽  
Chongming Yang ◽  
Clyde C. Robinson ◽  
Susanne Frost Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
Beijing China

The purpose of this investigation was to examine comparable dimensions and linkages between child temperament and parenting styles with samples from Beijing, China and the western United States. Participants included 404 mothers and fathers from Beijing, China and 325 mothers and fathers from the western United States. Both mothers and fathers completed Buss and Plomin's (1984) EAS Temperament Scale as well as a spousal-report measure of parenting styles. Structural equation modelling was used to identify invariant (statistically comparable) factors for child temperament and parenting styles. Within-culture gender comparisons showed that Chinese fathers (relative to mothers) viewed their sons as being more active and sociable than daughters while US mothers (relative to fathers) rated their sons as being more active. Across-culture differences revealed that US parents (relative to Chinese parents) viewed children as more emotional while Chinese fathers (relative to US fathers) rated their children as more active. Similar and differential cultural patterns of linkages were also found between parenting styles and child temperament. Child emotionality was positively associated with authoritarian parenting in both cultures while child activity level was linked to more authoritative and less authoritarian parenting styles, but only in the Chinese sample. Finally, child sociability was found to be negatively linked to cross-gender patterns of authoritarian parenting in the US while mothers’ and fathers’ authoritarian parenting in China was linked to lower sociability in daughters only.

Mothers' and Fathers' Work Hours, Child Gender, and Behavior in Middle Childhood

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Jianghong Li ◽  
Garth Kendall ◽  
Lyndall Strazdins ◽  
Peter Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Ready for Transfer to Adult Care? A Triadic Evaluation of Transition Readiness in Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease and Their Parents

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Burström ◽  
Mariela Acuña Mora ◽  
Maria Öjmyr-Joelsson ◽  
Carina Sparud-Lundin ◽  
Annika Rydberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Transition Readiness ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Transfer to adult care for adolescents with chronic conditions ought to be determined by transition readiness. The aims of this study were (a) to describe the level of readiness for transition in adolescents with congenital heart disease, (b) to compare adolescents’ assessment of transition readiness with their parents’ assessments, and (c) to study potential correlates of transition readiness. A total of 157 triads of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years and their parents completed the Readiness for Transition Questionnaire. Adolescents scored higher on overall readiness than their parents. Multivariable analyses revealed that higher levels of adolescents’ overall readiness were associated with a less threatening view of the illness, a higher level of empowerment, and with higher mothers’ and fathers’ overall readiness scores. Adolescents’ responsibility scores were positively associated with age and parental adolescent responsibility scores. Parental involvement scores were negatively associated with adolescents’ age and positively with the mothers’ parental involvement scores. By using a triadic evaluation, the results of the present study significantly extend what is currently known about this population.

scholarly journals Coparenting and Parental Involvement During School Transition Among Chinese Mothers and Fathers: Children’s School Liking as a Moderator

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisi Tao ◽  
Eva Yi Hung Lau
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
School Transition ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Parental Gender ◽  
School Liking ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
At Home

Parental involvement is a vital social resource that helps children to deal with different challenges in their learning and development in the transition period and may be a strong determinant of children’s outcomes. While the role of fathers has been increasingly recognized, there has been a lack of studies examining the predictive role of mother and fathers’ coparenting to parental involvement and child readiness outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the longitudinal association between coparenting behavior and parental involvement for parents with children in the transition to primary school in a Chinese context, and test whether children’s school liking moderated these associations. Using stratified random sampling, 324 children (Mage=70.57months, female=51%) and their parents from 10 kindergartens in Hong Kong participated in the study. Both mothers and fathers provided information about their spouse’s coparenting behavior at Time 1 (the final year of kindergarten), and their parental involvement at home and school at Time 1 and 2 (the first year of primary school). Children’s school liking was assessed by puppet interview at Time 1. Results indicated that maternal cooperation was positively associated with paternal involvement at home and in school, and paternal cooperation was positively associated with maternal involvement at home. Children’s school liking moderated the longitudinal associations between coparenting behavior (Time 1) and parental involvement (Time 2). Specifically, mothers of children with high levels of school liking were involved more in school when they perceived more cooperation from the spouse. Fathers of children with low levels of school liking were less involved in school when they perceived more cooperation, while involved more at home and in school when they perceived more triangulation from the spouse. Additionally, fathers perceiving more triangulation decreased their home involvement when the child reported high levels of school liking. Findings of this study revealed that coparenting, children’s school liking, and parental gender might be important to understanding parental involvement during school transition.

Parenting Made Complicated

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rettew
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Child Psychiatrist ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Conversational Style ◽  
Case Vignettes

Parenting Made Complicated: What Science Really Knows About the Greatest Debates in Early Childhood addresses many of the long-standing parenting controversies that new mothers and fathers face. These include topics related to screens, daycare, praise, sleep training, spanking, time-outs, helicopter versus “old school” parenting, and others. Each chapter is devoted to a different parenting controversy, and a synthesis of what is known scientifically about each topic is presented, written in a nontechnical and conversational style. Parenting Made Complicated, however, doesn’t assume that the “correct” answer for each parenting dilemma is the same for each child and instead provides a roadmap for how the best approach may vary according to a child’s temperament or other important factors. Many case vignettes and boxed practical suggestions are provided. Accounts are also given regarding how scientific information on a particular topic is applied and sometimes manipulated toward political aims. The book is written by child psychiatrist David Rettew, an expert in child temperament who has conducted research in child development and worked clinically with families for over 20 years.

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