Visual food cues decrease postprandial glucose concentrations in lean and obese men without affecting food intake and related endocrine parameters

Although exercise modulates appetite regulation and food intake, it remains poorly understood how exercise impacts decision-making about food. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of an acute exercise bout on hypothetical choices related to the amount and timing of food intake. Forty-one healthy participants (22.0 ± 2.6 years; 23.7 ± 2.5 kg/m2, 56% female) completed 45 min of aerobic exercise and a resting control condition in randomized order. Food amount preferences and intertemporal food preferences (preference for immediate vs. delayed consumption) were assessed using electronic questionnaires with visual food cues. Compared to rest, exercise resulted in a greater increase in the food amount selected, both immediately post-exercise (+25.8 ± 11.0 vs. +7.8 ± 11.0 kcal/item, p = 0.02) and 30 min post-exercise (+47.3 ± 12.4 vs. +21.3 ± 12.4 kcal/item, p = 0.005). Exercise further resulted in a greater increase in the preference for immediate consumption immediately post-exercise (+0.23 ± 0.10 vs. +0.06 ± 0.10; p = 0.03) and 30 min post-exercise (+0.30 ± 0.12 vs. +0.08 ± 0.12; p = 0.01). Our findings demonstrate that a single bout of aerobic exercise shifts hypothetical food choices toward greater amounts and more immediate consumption, highlighting the importance of the timing of food choices made in the exercise context.

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Does intervention with GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide modulate perception of sweet taste in women with obesity: study protocol of a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05442-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mojca Jensterle ◽

Simona Ferjan ◽

Tadej Battelino ◽

Jernej Kovač ◽

Saba Battelino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Neural Response ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Taste Bud ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Food Cues ◽

Link Type ◽

Visual Food Cues ◽

Taste Bud Cells

Abstract Background Preclinical studies demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is locally synthesized in taste bud cells and that GLP-1 receptor exists on the gustatory nerves in close proximity to GLP-1-containing taste bud cells. This local paracrine GLP-1 signalling seems to be specifically involved in the perception of sweets. However, the role of GLP-1 in taste perception remains largely unaddressed in clinical studies. Whether any weight-reducing effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists are mediated through the modulation of taste perception is currently unknown. Methods and analysis This is an investigator-initiated, randomized single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. We will enrol 30 women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either semaglutide 1.0 mg or placebo for 16 weeks. The primary endpoints are alteration of transcriptomic profile of tongue tissue as changes in expression level from baseline to follow-up after 16 weeks of treatment, measured by RNA sequencing, and change in taste sensitivity as detected by chemical gustometry. Secondary endpoints include change in neural response to visual food cues and to sweet-tasting substances as assessed by functional MRI, change in body weight, change in fat mass and change in eating behaviour and food intake. Discussion This is the first study to investigate the role of semaglutide on taste perception, along with a neural response to visual food cues in reward processing regions. The study may identify the tongue and the taste perception as a novel target for GLP-1 receptor agonists. Ethics and disseminations The study has been approved by the Slovene National Medical Ethics Committee and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Results will be submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04263415. Retrospectively registered on 10 February 2020

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Acute diet soda consumption alters brain responses to food cues in humans: A randomized, controlled, cross-over pilot study

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/0260106021993753 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010602199375

Author(s):

Olivia M. Farr

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Potential Mechanism ◽

Food Cues ◽

Diet Soda ◽

Brain Responses ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

Carbonated Water ◽

Soda Consumption ◽

Visual Food Cues

Background: Diet soda consumption has frequently been linked to obesity and its comorbidities in epidemiological studies. Whether this link is causal and a potential mechanism remains to be determined. Aim/Methods: This randomized, cross-over, controlled pilot study sought to determine whether there may be changes in reward-related brain activations to visual food cues after acute consumption of diet soda versus regular soda or carbonated water using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Diet soda as compared to carbonated water consumption increased activation of reward-related caudate to highly versus less desirable food cues. Diet soda as compared to regular soda increased reward-related insula and decreased activation of cognitive control-related dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to food cues versus non-food cues. No changes in ratings of hunger an hour after beverage consumption were observed. Conclusions: These results may suggest a potential mechanism for diet soda to increase food palatability through activation of the reward system and suppression of inhibitory control that remains to be confirmed by future studies.

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The processing of visual food cues during bitter aftertaste perception in females with high vs. low disgust propensity: an fMRI study

Brain Imaging and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s11682-021-00455-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anne Schienle ◽

Albert Wabnegger

Keyword(s):

Personality Trait ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Critical Role ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Conflict Monitoring ◽

Food Cues ◽

Sweet Food ◽

Visual Food Cues ◽

Disgust Propensity

AbstractAn extremely bitter taste can signal food spoilage, and therefore typically elicits disgust. The present cross-modal functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment investigated whether the personality trait ‘disgust propensity’ (DP; temporally stable tendency to experience disgust across different situations) has an influence on the processing of visual food cues during bitter aftertaste perception. Thirty females with high DP and 30 females with low DP viewed images depicting sweet food (e.g., cakes, ice cream) and vegetables, once in combination with an extremely bitter aftertaste (concentrated wormwood tea), and once with a neutral taste (water). Females highly prone to disgust (compared to low disgust-prone females) showed increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and increased mPFC-insula connectivity when presented with the mismatch of a bitter aftertaste and visual cues of sweet food. The ACC is involved in conflict monitoring and is strongly interconnected with insular areas. This connection plays a critical role in awareness of changes in homeostatic states. Our findings indicate that the personality trait DP is associated with cross-modal integration processes of disgust-relevant information. Females high in DP were more alert to food-related sensory mismatch (pleasant visual features, aversive taste) than females low in DP.

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Combined effects of cognitive bias for food cues and poor inhibitory control on unhealthy food intake

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. 358-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Naomi Kakoschke ◽

Eva Kemps ◽

Marika Tiggemann

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Cognitive Bias ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Unhealthy Food ◽

Food Cues

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Effects of overfeeding on the neuronal response to visual food cues

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/86.4.965 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 965-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

Marc-Andre Cornier ◽

Sandra S Von Kaenel ◽

Daniel H Bessesen ◽

Jason R Tregellas

Keyword(s):

Neuronal Response ◽

Food Cues ◽

Visual Food Cues

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Suppressive responses by visual food cues in postprandial activities of insular cortex as revealed by magnetoencephalography

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1568 ◽

pp. 31-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Takahiro Yoshikawa ◽

Masaaki Tanaka ◽

Akira Ishii ◽

Yasuyoshi Watanabe

Keyword(s):

Insular Cortex ◽

Food Cues ◽

Visual Food Cues

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How task demands shape brain responses to visual food cues

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.23560 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 2897-2912 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tanja Maria Pohl ◽

Claus Tempelmann ◽

Toemme Noesselt

Keyword(s):

Task Demands ◽

Food Cues ◽

Brain Responses ◽

Visual Food Cues

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Stevia Beverage Consumption prior to Lunch Reduces Appetite and Total Energy Intake without Affecting Glycemia or Attentional Bias to Food Cues: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxaa038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 150 (5) ◽

pp. 1126-1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nikoleta S Stamataki ◽

Corey Scott ◽

Rebecca Elliott ◽

Shane McKie ◽

Douwina Bosscher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Food Intake ◽

Total Energy ◽

Attentional Bias ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Food Cues ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACT Background Stevia is a zero-calorie alternative to caloric sugars. Substituting caloric sweeteners with noncaloric sweeteners reduces available energy, but their effects on appetite, subsequent food intake, and neurocognitive responses are still unclear. Objective The aim was to examine whether sweetness with or without calories influences food intake, appetite, blood glucose concentrations, and attentional bias (AB) to food cues. Methods This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study. Healthy participants [n = 20; aged 27 ± 5 y, 55% female; BMI (kg/m2): 21.8 ± 1.5] completed 5 visits, consuming 5 study beverages: 330 mL water (control, no sweet taste, no calories) and either 330 mL water containing 40 g glucose or sucrose (sweet taste; calories, both 160 kcal), maltodextrin (no sweet taste; calories, 160 kcal), or 240 ppm stevia (sweet taste, no calories). Glucose and stevia beverages were matched for sweetness. Subjective appetite ratings and blood glucose were measured at baseline and at 15, 30, and 60 min postprandially. At 15 min participants performed a visual-dot probe task to assess AB to food cues; at 30 min, participants were offered an ad libitum lunch; food intake was measured. Results Subjective appetite ratings showed that preload sweetness and calorie content both affected appetite. The total AUC for glycemia was significantly higher after the caloric beverages (mean ± SD: maltodextrin, 441 ± 57.6; glucose, 462 ± 68.1; sucrose, 425 ± 53.6 mmol × min × L−1 ) compared with both stevia (320 ± 34.2 mmol × min × L−1) and water (304 ± 32.0 mmol × min × L−1) (all P < 0.001). Total energy intake (beverage and meal) was significantly lower after the stevia beverage (727 ± 239 kcal) compared with water (832 ± 198 kcal, P = 0.013), with no significant difference between the water and caloric beverages (P = 1.00 for water vs. maltodextrin, glucose, and sucrose). However, food-related AB did not differ across conditions (P = 0.140). Conclusions This study found a beneficial and specific effect of a stevia beverage consumed prior to a meal on appetite and energy intake in healthy adults. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03711084.

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Consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks are associated with psychological dimensions of eating behaviour in parents and their 12-year-old children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008002371 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 914-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Kristina Elfhag ◽

Sanna Tholin ◽

Finn Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Restrained Eating ◽

Food Cues ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Psychological Dimensions

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated associations between consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks and the psychological dimensions of eating in parents and their children. The role of the parent’s characteristics for their children’s food intake was also explored.DesignFood intake patterns were assessed by self-reported consumption of the respective foods. Eating behaviour was measured by the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and self-esteem by Harter self-perception scale. The participants were 1441 families (mother, father and their 12-year-old child), and additionally 354 mothers and thirty fathers.ResultsAmong parents, reported intake of fruit and vegetables were associated with restrained eating, higher self-esteem, and higher education and age. Intake of sweets was related to more external and less restrained eating, and for mothers also emotional eating. Parent’s intake of soft drink was foremost related to a younger age, and also weakly associated with psychological characteristics. The food intake of parents was more important for the children’s food intake than any other characteristics. However, children’s intake of sweets showed clear-cut positive associations with external eating.ConclusionsPsychological dimensions of eating behaviour are associated with patterns of food intake, in particular for consumption of sweets, and are most prominent in the parents. The children’s food intake mirrored their parents’ intake. Being sensitive to external food cues may increase unhealthy food consumption in our society, whereas more restrained eating may indicate proneness or intention to healthier food choices among parents. Emotional eating may imply a proneness to consume sweets for comfort, in particular among mothers.

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