scholarly journals Stevia Beverage Consumption prior to Lunch Reduces Appetite and Total Energy Intake without Affecting Glycemia or Attentional Bias to Food Cues: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoleta S Stamataki ◽  
Corey Scott ◽  
Rebecca Elliott ◽  
Shane McKie ◽  
Douwina Bosscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACT Background Stevia is a zero-calorie alternative to caloric sugars. Substituting caloric sweeteners with noncaloric sweeteners reduces available energy, but their effects on appetite, subsequent food intake, and neurocognitive responses are still unclear. Objective The aim was to examine whether sweetness with or without calories influences food intake, appetite, blood glucose concentrations, and attentional bias (AB) to food cues. Methods This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study. Healthy participants [n = 20; aged 27 ± 5 y,  55% female; BMI (kg/m2): 21.8 ± 1.5] completed 5 visits, consuming 5 study beverages: 330 mL water (control, no sweet taste, no calories) and either 330 mL water containing 40 g glucose or sucrose (sweet taste; calories, both 160 kcal), maltodextrin (no sweet taste; calories, 160 kcal), or 240 ppm stevia (sweet taste, no calories). Glucose and stevia beverages were matched for sweetness. Subjective appetite ratings and blood glucose were measured at baseline and at 15, 30, and 60 min postprandially. At 15 min participants performed a visual-dot probe task to assess AB to food cues; at 30 min, participants were offered an ad libitum lunch; food intake was measured. Results Subjective appetite ratings showed that preload sweetness and calorie content both affected appetite. The total AUC for glycemia was significantly higher after the caloric beverages (mean ± SD: maltodextrin, 441 ± 57.6;  glucose, 462 ± 68.1;  sucrose, 425 ± 53.6 mmol × min × L−1 ) compared with both stevia (320 ± 34.2 mmol × min × L−1) and water (304 ± 32.0 mmol × min × L−1) (all P < 0.001). Total energy intake (beverage and meal) was significantly lower after the stevia beverage (727 ± 239 kcal) compared with water (832 ± 198 kcal,  P = 0.013), with no significant difference between the water and caloric beverages (P = 1.00 for water vs. maltodextrin, glucose, and sucrose). However, food-related AB did not differ across conditions (P = 0.140). Conclusions This study found a beneficial and specific effect of a stevia beverage consumed prior to a meal on appetite and energy intake in healthy adults. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03711084.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Consuming a Natural Zero Calorie Sweetener Preload Prior to Lunch on Energy Intake: A Double-blind Randomised Crossover Study (FS18-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Stamataki ◽  
Rebecca Elliott ◽  
Shane McKie ◽  
John McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cumulative Energy Intake

Abstract Objectives Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are zero- or low-calorie alternatives to caloric sugars and substituting caloric sweeteners with NNS is expected to reduce energy intake. The aim of this study was to examine appetite and food intake following the consumption of a beverage preload containing a natural zero calorie sweetener or caloric sweeteners (sugars). Methods This was a randomised controlled double-blind crossover study. Healthy participants (n = 20, 9 males, mean body mass index 21.8 kg/m2) completed five separate visits, corresponding to five study beverages: 330 mL of water (control-no calories and no taste) and either 330 mL of water containing 40 g glucose or sucrose (sweet taste and calories), maltodextrin (calories and no sweet taste), or 240 ppm all natural sweetener, stevia (Truvia RA-95-sweet taste and no calories). Subjective appetite ratings and blood glucose was measured at baseline and then study beverages were administered, with appetite ratings and blood glucose again measured at 15, 30 and 60 minutes. At 30 minutes participants were offered an ad libitum lunch and food intake was measured. Results Stevia and glucose preloads were rated to have equal sweetness levels, while water and maltodextrin the lowest levels of sweetness. Only glucose, sucrose and maltodextrin elevated blood glucose. Both calories and sweet taste affected appetite as there was a significant effect on suppressed subjective appetite ratings following the stevia and caloric preloads compared to water at 15 and 30 minutes postprandially. Compared to water preload, food intake was significantly lower after the consumption of each of the sweet or caloric preloads. Analysis of cumulative energy intake (preload and lunch) showed that total energy intake was lower after the stevia preload compared to the water preload with no differences between the water and caloric preloads (Figure 1). Conclusions This study, found a beneficial effect of a stevia beverage consumed prior to a meal on appetite and subsequent energy intake compared to water. This study was registered in clinicaltrial.gov as NCT03711084. Funding Sources This research was supported by a BBSRC Case Studentship. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Effect of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Flour on Glycemic Response and Energy Intake in Healthy Adults (P06-099-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Coelho ◽  
Daniela Rocha ◽  
Barbara Pereira da Silva ◽  
Alessandra Silva ◽  
Ana Paula Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Anova Test

Abstract Objectives Postprandial glycemic control is essential in both healthy and diabetic people, as hyperglycemia predisposes to complications associated with diabetes. The consumption of fiber-rich meals help to prevent and control undesirable glycemic changes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of one-day consumption of chia on glycemic response and energy intake in healthy adults. Methods Single-blind, randomized, crossover design study involving healthy adults, normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), euglycemic (100 mg/dL), with no diabetes family history. They attended to the laboratory after 10–12 h fasting and received either 350 ml of a shake containing 10 g of chia flour (4.44 g of fiber) or 350 ml of a control shake (1.1 g of fiber)- similar in calories and macronutrients, containing 51 g of available carbohydrate - on two non-consecutive days (washout period). At each testing day, 60 minutes after shake intake a glucose solution (25 g) was provided. Capillary blood glucose was measured in fasting state (−60 min), immediately before (0 min), and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes after glucose load. In addition, food intake was assessed 24-hour dietary recall was performed after each testing day. Habitual dietary intake was estimated using the semi-quantitative QFCA. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee. Repeated-measures ANOVA test was used to compare habitual dietary intake and consumption after shake. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc was used to assess the differences in postprandial blood glucose. Incremental area under the curve (AUC) of postprandial glycemia was calculated using the trapezoidal rule and paired sample t-test was used to compare them. All analyses were conducted using SPSS software. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. Results Fifteen subjects completed the study (14 female and 1 male). Consumption of chia (10 g of chia flour) did not change the blood glucose (p > 0.05) nor food intake (p > 0.05) among adults (25 ± 1 years), euglycemic (87.88 ± 1.21 mg/dL), normal weight (21.06 ± 0.28 kg/m2 and 23.23 ± 1.19% body fat percentual). Conclusions The one-day consumption of chia flour did not affect the glycemic response and did not interfere in energy intake in healthy individuals. The long-term effect of chia should be assessed. Funding Sources CNPq, CAPES, FAPEMIG, FUNARBE, DNS-UFV. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Tolerability and Safety of a Novel Ketogenic Ester, Bis-Hexanoyl (R)-1,3-Butanediol: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2066
Author(s):  
Oliver Chen ◽  
Traci M. Blonquist ◽  
Eunice Mah ◽  
Kristen Sanoshy ◽  
Dawn Beckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tolerability ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
At Home

Nutritional ketosis is a state of mildly elevated blood ketone concentrations resulting from dietary changes (e.g., fasting or reduced carbohydrate intake) or exogenous ketone consumption. In this study, we determined the tolerability and safety of a novel exogenous ketone diester, bis-hexanoyl-(R)-1,3-butanediol (BH-BD), in a 28-day, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial (NCT04707989). Healthy adults (n = 59, mean (SD), age: 42.8 (13.4) y, body mass index: 27.8 (3.9) kg/m2) were randomized to consume a beverage containing 12.5 g (Days 0–7) and 25 g (Days 7–28) of BH-BD or a taste-matched placebo daily with breakfast. Tolerability, stimulation, and sedation were assessed daily by standardized questionnaires, and blood and urine samples were collected at Days 0, 7, 14, and 28 for safety assessment. There were no differences in at-home composite systemic and gastrointestinal tolerability scores between BH-BD and placebo at any time in the study, or in acute tolerability measured 1-h post-consumption in-clinic. Weekly at-home composite tolerability scores did not change when BH-BD servings were doubled. At-home scores for stimulation and sedation did not differ between groups. BH-BD significantly increased blood ketone concentrations 1-h post-consumption. No clinically meaningful changes in safety measures including vital signs and clinical laboratory measurements were detected within or between groups. These results support the overall tolerability and safety of consumption of up to 25 g/day BH-BD.

scholarly journals Food consumption of sugarcane workers' families in the Brazilian Northeast

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Vanessa Messias Muniz ◽  
Débora Silva Cavalcanti ◽  
Nayalla Morais de Lima ◽  
Mônica Maria Osório
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the food intake of sugarcane workers' family members. METHODS: The food intake of 159 family members of sugarcane workers from Gameleira, Pernambuco, Brazilian Northeast, was investigated by directly weighing the foods on three non-consecutive days. The percent risk of inadequate macro- and micronutrient intakes was analyzed according to the Reference Dietary Intakes. The macronutrients were analyzed in relation to acceptable distribution intervals. The energy consumed from the various food groups was expressed as a ratio of the total energy intake. RESULTS: The median intake of carbohydrates and proteins remained above the Estimated Average Requirement, and all age groups presented a low risk of inadequate carbohydrate and protein intakes. The median intakes of riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, and iron remained above the Estimated Average Requirement for all age groups, but children aged 1-3 years presented a high percent risk of inadequate iron intake. All age groups presented high percent risk of inadequate zinc, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C intakes. Grains and derivatives had a greater participation in the total energy intake, especially in men aged 19-30 years. The group "milk and dairy products" had a greater participation in the diet of children aged 1-3 years. CONCLUSION: The low percent risk of inadequate carbohydrate and protein intakes in all age groups was opposed to the high risk of inadequate mineral and vitamin intakes, making the population vulnerable to nutritional disorders caused by excess macronutrient intake and inadequate micronutrient intake.

scholarly journals Melanoidins from coffee and bread differently influence energy intake: A randomized controlled trial of food intake and gut-brain axis response

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 104063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Walker ◽  
Ilario Mennella ◽  
Rosalia Ferracane ◽  
Silvia Tagliamonte ◽  
Ann-Katrin Holik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidese ◽  
Ogawa ◽  
Ota ◽  
Ishida ◽  
Yasukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Placebo Administration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Median Split ◽  
The Mean

This randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, and double-blind trial aimed to examine the possible effects of four weeks L-theanine administration on stress-related symptoms and cognitive functions in healthy adults. Participants were 30 individuals (nine men and 21 women; age: 48.3 ± 11.9 years) who had no major psychiatric illness. L-theanine (200 mg/day) or placebo tablets were randomly and blindly assigned for four-week administration. For stress-related symptoms, Self-rating Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-trait, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores decreased after L-theanine administration (p = 0.019, 0.006, and 0.013, respectively). The PSQI subscale scores for sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and use of sleep medication reduced after L-theanine administration, compared to the placebo administration (all p < 0.05). For cognitive functions, verbal fluency and executive function scores improved after L-theanine administration (p = 0.001 and 0.031, respectively). Stratified analyses revealed that scores for verbal fluency (p = 0.002), especially letter fluency (p = 0.002), increased after L-theanine administration, compared to the placebo administration, in individuals who were sub-grouped into the lower half by the median split based on the mean pretreatment scores. Our findings suggest that L-theanine has the potential to promote mental health in the general population with stress-related ailments and cognitive impairments.

scholarly journals The acute effect of D-tagatose on food intake in human subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Buemann ◽  
Søren Toubro ◽  
Anne Raben ◽  
John Blundell ◽  
Arne Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Osmotic Effects ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

A double-blind randomized crossover study was performed with nineteen normal-weight men to investigate the effect on subsequent ad libitum food intake of replacing 29 g sucrose with 29 g D-TAGATOSE AS SWEETENER TO A BREAKFAST MEAL. d-Tagatose is a malabsorbed stereoisomer of fructose with potential application as a bulk sweetener. Food intake was measured at lunch offered 4 h after the breakfast meal, during the afternoon with access to abundant snacks, and finally at a supper buffet 9 h after the breakfast. Energy intake at lunch and during the snacking period was similar after ingesting the two sugars, while it was 15 % lower after ingesting d-tagatose than with sucrose at supper (P < 0·05). Gastrointestinal factors such as the osmotic effects of unabsorbed d-tagatose causing distension of the gut might have mediated the acute appetite-suppressing effect. The present paper also refers to data from a preceding study in which we observed an increased self-reported energy intake after ingestion of d-tagatose compared with sucrose which, in fact, suggests a relative hyperphagic effect of d-tagatose. However, self-reported food intake may be biased by selective under-reporting and this subsequent study with a more controlled assessment of food intake was therefore conducted. This present study did not support any hyperphagic effect of d-tagatose, but rather suggests that d-tagatose may contribute to a reduced energy intake.

Load-dependent effects of duodenal glucose on glycemia, gastrointestinal hormones, antropyloroduodenal motility, and energy intake in healthy men

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. E743-E753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia N. Pilichiewicz ◽  
Reawika Chaikomin ◽  
Ixchel M. Brennan ◽  
Judith M. Wishart ◽  
Christopher K. Rayner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Glucose Plasma

Gastric emptying is a major determinant of glycemia, gastrointestinal hormone release, and appetite. We determined the effects of different intraduodenal glucose loads on glycemia, insulinemia, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK), antropyloroduodenal motility, and energy intake in healthy subjects. Blood glucose, plasma hormone, and antropyloroduodenal motor responses to 120-min intraduodenal infusions of glucose at 1) 1 (“G1”), 2) 2 (“G2”), and 3) 4 (“G4”) kcal/min or of 4) saline (“control”) were measured in 10 healthy males in double-blind, randomized fashion. Immediately after each infusion, energy intake at a buffet meal was quantified. Blood glucose rose in response to all glucose infusions ( P < 0.05 vs. control), with the effect of G4 and G2 being greater than that of G1 ( P < 0.05) but with no difference between G2 and G4. The rises in insulin, GLP-1, GIP, and CCK were related to the glucose load ( r > 0.82, P < 0.05). All glucose infusions suppressed antral ( P < 0.05), but only G4 decreased duodenal, pressure waves ( P < 0.01), resulted in a sustained stimulation of basal pyloric pressure ( P < 0.01), and decreased energy intake ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, variations in duodenal glucose loads have differential effects on blood glucose, plasma insulin, GLP-1, GIP and CCK, antropyloroduodenal motility, and energy intake in healthy subjects. These observations have implications for strategies to minimize postprandial glycemic excursions in type 2 diabetes.

The effect of beverages varying in glycaemic load on postprandial glucose responses, appetite and cognition in 10–12-year-old school children

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brindal ◽  
Danielle Baird ◽  
Amy Slater ◽  
Vanessa Danthiir ◽  
Carlene Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Glycaemic Load

Reducing glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) inconsistently improves aspects of cognitive function and appetite in children. Whether altering the GL by lowering carbohydrate relative to protein and fat has a role in these effects is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the differential effects of beverages varying in GL and dairy composition on appetite, energy intake and cognitive function in children. A total of forty children (10–12 years) completed a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial, receiving three isoenergetic drinks (approximately 1100 kJ): a glucose beverage (GI 100, GL 65), a full milk beverage (GI 27, GL 5) and a half milk/glucose beverage (GI 84, GL 35). For 3 h post-consumption, subjective appetite and cognitive performance (speed of processing, memory, attention and perceptual speed) were measured hourly. At completion, each child was provided a buffet-style lunch and energy intake was calculated. Blood glucose was objectively measured using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Blood glucose AUC values were significantly different between the drinks (P< 0·001), but did not sustain above the baseline for 3 h for any drink. Mixed modelling revealed no effect of beverage on subjective appetite or energy intake. Participant sex and drink GL significantly interacted for short-term memory (P< 0·001). When girls consumed either milk-containing beverage, they recalled 0·7–0·8 more words compared with 0·5 less words after the glucose drink (P≤ 0·014). Altering GL of drinks by reducing carbohydrate and increasing protein did not affect appetite or cognition in children. Girls may demonstrate improved short-term memory after consuming beverages with higher protein and lower GL.

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