Food Addiction in Adolescents: Exploration of psychological symptoms and executive functioning difficulties in a non-clinical sample.

Introduction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of the world population, with symptoms that may persist into adulthood. Despite the findings on the clinical course of this disorder, information regarding comorbidity patterns, psychosocial and executive functioning in adult life in those with and without ADHD in Latin American samples is scarce. Objective. The aim of this study is to compare the comorbidity pattern, psychosocial, and executive functioning of adults with and without ADHD from a clinical sample. Method. One hundred and fifty-one patients between 20 and 45 years, with screened positively on ASRS-V1.1, were invited to continue an evaluation process as part of clinical research program (PROMETEO): 1) K-SADS-PL Mx interview, 2) MINI-Plus interview, ASRS-V1-1 18 item version, BRIEF self-reported questionnaire, SCQA-ADHD, and 3) Individual case review by clinical expert in ADHD. Results. Individuals in the ADHD group had a higher average of comorbid disorders (2.5 SD 1.1 vs. 1.3 SD 1.0 respectively, F = .439; t = -6.621; df = 149; p < .001), more likelihood of procrastinating (OR = 6.5; 95% CI[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0) and were more likely to present difficulties in both the behavior regulation index (OR = 104.9; 95% CI[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) and the metacognitive index (OR = 94.79; 95% CI[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) compared to the non-ADHD group, regardless of gender. Discussion and conclusions. Our results indicate that the ADHD adult group presented with more comorbidity, and worse psychosocial and executive functioning than non-ADHD adults.

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Are DSM-5 criteria for sud transferable to food addiction? IRT analysis for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, opiate and food addiction in a clinical sample

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.155 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. e52

Author(s):

Cecile Marianne Denis ◽

Marco Aurélio Camargo da Rosa ◽

Fuschia Serre ◽

C. Kervran ◽

Maud Henry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Sample ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Dsm 5

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Subclinical ADHD-Symptoms Are Associated with Executive-Functioning and Externalizing Problems in College Students without ADHD-Diagnoses

Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology ◽

10.5539/jedp.v6n1p204 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 204 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Allen J. Brown ◽

Beth M. Casey

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Problem Behaviors ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Students With Adhd ◽

Inattentive Type

<p>This study investigated whether problem behaviors,<strong> </strong>typically associated with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD, would also be associated with subclinical ADHD symptoms within a non-clinical college sample. These are symptoms characteristic of ADHD, which are insufficient to warrant a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD. Self-ratings of behaviors known to be comorbid with ADHD (Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD) behaviors, risk-taking, and Executive-Functioning (EF) problems) were examined as predictors of self-ratings of ADHD symptoms. Measures of ODD symptoms, risk-taking, and EF behavioral problems (related to poor management of time) significantly predicted ADHD symptoms, as measured by Barkley’s ADHD Combined Subscale. These predictors accounted for 26% of the variance. The same measures predicted symptoms of ADHD, Inattentive type, as measured by Barkley’s Inattentiveness (IA) Subscale, and accounted for 30% of the variance. For the Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Subscale (HI), the ODD measure significantly entered the equation, while the other two measures were borderline significant, accounting altogether for 10% of the variance. As hypothesized, the EF measure was the strongest predictor for IA, and the ODD measure was the strongest predictor for HI. In conclusion, problem behaviors comorbid with a formal clinical ADHD diagnosis were found to be significantly associated with subclinical ADHD symptoms within a non-clinical sample of college students, as indicated by the substantial proportion of the variance they accounted for in predicting the Barkley’s’ Combined and Inattentiveness Subscales, and to a lessor extent for the Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Subscale. This indicates that college students with ADHD symptoms may have substantial problems not only with their ADHD symptoms, but also with executive functioning and externalizing behaviors associated with these symptoms.</p>

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Posttraumatic Psychological Symptoms are Associated with Reduced Inhibitory Control, not General Executive Dysfunction

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617715000235 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 342-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Joseph DeGutis ◽

Michael Esterman ◽

Bay McCulloch ◽

Andrew Rosenblatt ◽

William Milberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

Control Measures ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

General Decline ◽

Iraqi Freedom

AbstractAlthough there is mounting evidence that greater PTSD symptoms are associated with reduced executive functioning, it is not fully understood whether this association is more global or specific to certain executive function subdomains, such as inhibitory control. We investigated the generality of the association between PTSD symptoms and executive function by administering a broad battery of sensitive executive functioning tasks to a cohort of returning Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans with varying PTSD symptoms. Only tasks related to inhibitory control explained significant variance in PTSD symptoms as well as symptoms of depression, while measures of working memory, measures of switching, and measures simultaneously assessing multiple executive function subdomains did not. Notably, the two inhibitory control measures that showed the highest correlation with PTSD and depressive symptoms, measures of response inhibition and distractor suppression, explained independent variance. These findings suggest that greater posttraumatic psychological symptoms are not associated with a general decline in executive functioning but rather are more specifically related to stopping automatic responses and resisting internal and external distractions. (JINS, 2015, 21, 342–352)

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Repetitive traumatic brain injury, psychological symptoms, and suicide risk in a clinical sample of deployed military personnel.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718019203.793478485 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Ruff

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Clinical Sample

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Executive Functioning in Obesity, Food Addiction, and Binge-Eating Disorder

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11010054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Marie Blume ◽

Ricarda Schmidt ◽

Anja Hilbert

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Binge Eating Disorder ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Neuropsychological Profile ◽

Neuropsychological Tasks

This study aimed to investigate food addiction (FA) and binge-eating disorder (BED) in their association to executive dysfunctions in adults with obesity. Data on response inhibition, attention, decision-making, and impulsivity were derived from four groups of adults with obesity: obesity and FA (n = 23), obesity and BED (n = 19), obesity and FA plus BED (FA/BED, n = 23), and a body mass index-, age-, and sex-stratified control group of otherwise healthy individuals with obesity (n = 23, OB), using established computerized neuropsychological tasks. Overall, there were few group differences in neuropsychological profiles. Individuals of the FA group did not differ from the OB group regarding executive functioning. Individuals with BED presented with significantly higher variability in their reaction times and a deficient processing of feedback for performance improvement compared to individuals of the OB group. Strikingly, individuals with FA/BED did not present neuropsychological impairments, but higher levels of depression than all other groups. The results indicated the presence of a BED-specific neuropsychological profile in the obesity spectrum. The additional trait FA was not related to altered executive functioning compared to the OB or BED groups. Future research is needed to discriminate FA and BED further using food-specific tasks.

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Pathological gamblers profiles according to impulsivity and emotional regulation

Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual ◽

10.51668/bp.8321310s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 681-697

Author(s):

Ana Estévez ◽

Paula Jáuregui ◽

Laura Macía

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Video Game ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Gambling Behaviour ◽

Pathological Gamblers ◽

Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽

Gambling Severity

This study aims to examine relationship between age, gambling behaviour, dysfunctional psychological symptoms, and other comorbid addictive behaviours. Secondly, it aims to study the differences between the aforementioned variables according to gambler profiles based on impulsivity and emotional regulation. A sample of 95 participants conformed the clinical sample (93.5% men and 6.5% women). Results suggest that difficulties in emotion regulation and impulsivity are associated with gambling disorder, video game abuse, and dysfunctional psychological symptomatology. Likewise, two clusters have been observed, the first one is composed of participants with fewer difficulties in emotion regulation, less psychopathological severity, and greater impulsivity. The second cluster is composed of participants with greater difficulties in emotion regulation, as well as greater psychopathological and gambling severity. These results highlight the relevance of understanding different gambler profiles in order to design prevention and treatment strategies adapted to each person.

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Fluid intelligence and executive functioning more alike than different?

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1017/neu.2015.46 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 31-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Loes van Aken ◽

Roy P.C. Kessels ◽

Ellen Wingbermühle ◽

William M. van der Veld ◽

Jos I.M. Egger

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Fluid Intelligence ◽

Task Complexity ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Crystallized Intelligence ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Strong Relation ◽

Highly Correlated

ObjectiveFluid intelligence (Gf) has been related to executive functioning (EF) in previous studies, and it is also known to be correlated with crystallized intelligence (Gc). The present study includes representative measures of Gf, Gc, and EF frequently used in clinical practice to examine this Gf–EF relation. It is hypothesised that the Gf–EF relation is higher than the Gc–EF relation, and that working memory in particular (as a measure of EF) shows a high contribution to this relation.MethodConfirmatory factor analysis was performed on a mixed neuropsychiatric and non-clinical sample consisting of 188 participants, using the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test, and three executive tasks of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, covering working memory, planning skills, and set shifting.ResultsThe model fitted the data well [χ2(24)=35.25, p=0.07, RMSEA=0.050]. A very high correlation between Gf and EF was found (0.91), with working memory being the most profound indicator. A moderate to high correlation between Gc and EF was present. Current results are consistent with findings of a strong relation between Gf and working memory.ConclusionGf and EF are highly correlated. Gf dysfunction in neuropsychiatric patients warrants further EF examination and vice versa. It is discussed that results confirm the need to distinguish between specific versus general fluid/executive functioning, the latter being more involved when task complexity and novelty increase. This distinction can provide a more refined differential diagnosis and improve neuropsychiatric treatment indication.

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