Aplicación internacional del programa “Intervención multidimensional para la ansiedad social” (IMAS): I. Eficacia del tratamiento en pacientes con ansiedad social

El trastorno de ansiedad social (TAS) es uno de los trastornos más frecuentes a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar la eficacia del nuevo programa “Intervención multidimensional para la ansiedad social” (IMAS) para el tratamiento del TAS. Participaron 67 personas diagnosticadas con TAS, según el DSM-5, evaluadas mediante una entrevista semiestructurada (Salazar y Caballo, 2018) y dos medidas de autoinforme para la ansiedad social, el CASO (Caballo, Salazar, Arias, et al., 2010) y la LSAS-SR (Liebowitz, 1987). Diferentes terapeutas llevaron a cabo el tratamiento en Ecuador, España, Paraguay y Puerto Rico. Los resultados mostraron importantes mejoras del pretratamiento al postratamiento, que se mantenían a los seis meses. El tamaño del efecto estaba entre 1 y 2 y, en muchas ocasiones, fue superior a 2. Aunque se comparó con un grupo de terapia cognitivo conductual y otro de tratamiento farmacológico, con resultados favorables para el programa IMAS, el bajo número de sujetos de estos últimos grupos no permite llegar a deducciones claras. En conclusión, este nuevo programa para el tratamiento de la ansiedad social parece altamente eficaz a corto y medio plazo y sus resultados positivos parecen generalizables a diferentes países

Social support as a moderator of the relationship between victimization and internalizing symptoms in LGTBIQ+ people

The present study analyses the moderating effect of different types of social support in the relationship between bullying, cyberbullying and workplace victimization, and internalizing symptoms in LGBTIQ+ individuals. 262 people from LGBTIQ+ collective participated (ages between 18 and 77; M= 29.83, SD= 12.41), who completed measures via Internet of bullying, cyberbullying, workplace victimization, family support, support from friends, support from a special person, and symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress. The results showed that support from friends moderated the relationship between bullying and anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the relationship between workplace victimization and depression symptoms. On the other hand, family support moderated the relationship between bullying and anxiety symptoms. Regarding cyberbullying, none of the types of social support moderated the relationship between cyberbullying and internalizing symptomatology. Findings of this study highlight the moderating role of family and friend support when internalizing symptoms of LGBTIQ+ people who are victims of bullying and/or workplace victimization.

Eficacia del protocolo SMR en mujeres con fibromialgia para la mejora del dolor crónico, el sueño y la calidad de vida

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar cómo el moldeamiento cerebral proporcionado por el protocolo de ritmos sensoriomotores (SMR), aplicado sobre áreas somatosensoriales, afecta al dolor, al sueño y a la calidad de vida de mujeres con fibromialgia. Participaron 37 mujeres con fibromialgia a quienes se les aplicó un protocolo de SMR durante 20 sesiones y fueron evaluadas antes y después del tratamiento. Los datos mostraron un aumento de la amplitud de los SMR (p= 0,026) y una disminución de la amplitud de la banda zeta (p= 0,011) en la corteza somatosensorial tras la aplicación de la terapia, lo que provocó un aumento de la ratio SMR/zeta (p= 0,048). Además, mejoraron significativamente las puntuaciones en la “Escala de dolor crónico” (p= 0,002), el “Índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh” (p= 0,001) y la “Encuesta de salud” (SF-36) (p= 0,000). El protocolo SMR aplicado en la corteza somatosensorial favorece el moldeamiento de los SMR, lo que repercute en la inhibición estimular del sistema nervioso central de los pacientes con fibromialgia mejorando síntomas como el dolor, el sueño y la calidad de vida.

Predictors of sexual satisfaction during lockdown by COVID-19 in Spain

This research, which consists of two studies, has the general objective of analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the sexual health of 347 adults living in Spain. Study 1, focused on non-face-to-face sexual practices (sexting and pornography), revealed similar levels of sexual satisfaction in men and women, but with differences in age regarding interaction with the consumption of pornography and marital status. Study 2 focused on the changes produced with respect to the previous six months, indicating that the maintenance of sexual satisfaction does not depend on gender, but it does depend on age in interaction with face-to-face sex, marital status, and individual sex, in interaction with an adequate functioning of sexual interest. Given the challenge that this pandemic is posing, these results are useful for the mental and sexual health interventions that are currently being developed because of COVID-19.

Application of FACT in the academic context to improve the health in high school students

There is growing evidence showing the efficacy of contextual or third-generation therapies in various contexts and clinical conditions. In large groups of first- and second-year high school students (n= 112), the present study compares the efficacy of applying a program based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) versus a combined program using strategies from Functional-Analytical Psychotherapy (FAP), resulting in a so-called FACT approach. The purpose of this intervention was to extract the most relevant processes underpinning clinical changes to design training programs based on contextual behavioral science to improve students' health. The results indicated that both interventions produced statistically significant improvement in the health of the students. The program combined with FACT was superior in the self-concept variable. The implications of both brief programs to improve students' health in short periods are discussed on the basis of a behavioral methodology adapted to the academic context.

Efecto en el peso de una dieta casera en mujeres con sobrepeso u obesidad: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado

Las guías dietéticas oficiales para bajar peso incluyen la práctica de una “alimentación saludable”, sin embargo, tales recomendaciones no siempre comprenden el contexto cultural. El objetivo de este estudio fue medir el efecto de recomendar una dieta descrita como casera (ejemplificada por preparaciones de comidas típicas consumidas en México) vs. recomendar una dieta isocalórica descrita como saludable (representada por el plato del bien comer) en el peso de mujeres mexicanas con sobrepeso u obesidad. Inicialmente fueron asignadas al azar 159 mujeres a la dieta casera o la dieta saludable y 30 mujeres completaron la intervención. El efecto sobre el peso de la dieta recomendada a 4, 8 y 12 semanas se determinó por análisis de varianza unifactorial y por modelo de regresión aleatorio. Las participantes en promedio bajaron significativamente de peso durante la intervención sin diferencia estadística significativa entre la dieta casera y la dieta saludable. Este hallazgo apoya la estrategia contra la obesidad de recomendar dietas tradicionales en términos reconocidos culturalmente.

Aplicaciones de FACT en el contexto académico para mejorar la salud en estudiantes de bachillerato

Las terapias contextuales o de tercera generación cada vez acumulan más evidencia sobre su eficacia en diferentes contextos y condiciones clínicas. Este estudio compara en estudiantes de primero y segundo de bachillerato (n= 112), la eficacia de un programa basado en la terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) frente a un programa combinado añadiendo estrategias de la psicoterapia analítica funcional (FAP) y resultando en una aproximación denominada terapia funcional de aceptación y compromiso (FACT). El propósito de esta intervención consistió en extraer los procesos más relevantes para el cambio, con el objetivo de diseñar programas de formación basados en la ciencia conductual contextual para mejorar la salud de los estudiantes. Los resultados indicaron que ambas intervenciones produjeron cambios estadísticamente significativos mejorando la salud de los estudiantes. El programa combinado con FACT fue superior en la variable autoconcepto. Se discuten las implicaciones y diferencias de ambos programas breves para mejorar la salud de los estudiantes en breves periodos de tiempo, desde una metodología conductual adaptada al contexto académico.

Effect on weight of a homemade diet in women with overweight or obesity: A randomized controlled trial

The official dietetic guidelines for weight loss include the practice of “healthy eating”. However, such recommendations rarely take into account the cultural context. The aim of the present study was to measure the effect of recommending a traditional homemade diet (exemplified by typical meals consumed in Mexico) vs. recommending an iso-caloric healthy diet (represented by the eatwell plate) on the weight of Mexican women with overweight or obesity. Initially 159 women were randomly assigned to the homemade diet or the healthy diet and 30 women completed the intervention. The effect on weight of the recommended diet at 4, 8 and 12 weeks was determined by one-way analysis of variance and by random regression model. Participants on average reduced weight significantly throughout the intervention without statistical difference between the homemade diet and the healthy diet. This finding supports an anti-obesity strategy of recommending traditional diets in culturally recognised terms.

Pathological gamblers profiles according to impulsivity and emotional regulation

This study aims to examine relationship between age, gambling behaviour, dysfunctional psychological symptoms, and other comorbid addictive behaviours. Secondly, it aims to study the differences between the aforementioned variables according to gambler profiles based on impulsivity and emotional regulation. A sample of 95 participants conformed the clinical sample (93.5% men and 6.5% women). Results suggest that difficulties in emotion regulation and impulsivity are associated with gambling disorder, video game abuse, and dysfunctional psychological symptomatology. Likewise, two clusters have been observed, the first one is composed of participants with fewer difficulties in emotion regulation, less psychopathological severity, and greater impulsivity. The second cluster is composed of participants with greater difficulties in emotion regulation, as well as greater psychopathological and gambling severity. These results highlight the relevance of understanding different gambler profiles in order to design prevention and treatment strategies adapted to each person.

The Apraissal of Self-care Agency Scale and its relation to health behaviors and conditions in older adults

The objective of this work was to contribute to the study of the validity of the “Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale” (ASA scale) in older adults and to analyze its association with health-related behaviors and conditions. A questionnaire was constructed and applied to 165 elderly residents of Michoacán, Mexico. A confirmatory factor analysis of the scale's one-dimensional model was carried out, and also an analysis of internal consistency, as well as an analysis of the relationship with other variables based on group comparisons, exploring the effect of the elimination of inverse items. Overall, the reduced scale performed better although the one-dimensional model maintained a limited fit in the confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was satisfactory in both scales (α coefficient= .806 and .826, respectively). In addition, some important group comparisons were identified with anthropometric measurements. In conclusion, tests were found supporting the validity of the ASA scale in older adults, although more evidence is still needed regarding its construct and criterion validity.