Can insoluble polysaccharide concentration in dental plaque, sugar exposure and cariogenic microorganisms predict early childhood caries? A follow-up study

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.

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Longitudinal Evaluation of Salivary Iga-S in Children with Early Childhood Caries Before and After Restorative Treatment

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4625-43.4.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 239-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aline dos Santos Letieri ◽

Liana Bastos Freitas-Fernandes ◽

Ana Paula Canedo Valente ◽

Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo ◽

Ivete Pomarico Ribeiro de Souza

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Total Protein ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Restorative Treatment ◽

Lactobacillus Spp ◽

Childhood Caries

Background: Our aim was to compare salivary levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) in children with early childhood caries (ECCG) and those who are caries-free (CFG) and verify these levels in a follow-up period after restorative treatment. Materials and methods: We selected 46 systemically healthy children in the complete primary dentition period, who were allocated into two groups: CFG (n = 23) and ECCG (dmf-s > 0; n = 23). Unstimulated whole saliva was obtained at baseline from both groups and during the follow-up period (7 days, 1, 2 and 3 months) in the ECCG group. The s-IgA was measured using an ELISA assay, and total protein was assessed using the Bradford method. We also evaluated the flow rate (mL/min), Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. counting using selective media plaques. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the software SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc, IL, USA) with a confidence interval set at 95%. Results: Salivary s-IgA levels were higher in baseline of ECCG than in CFG (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between s-IgA salivary levels at baseline and the evaluations after dental treatment in ECCG (p>0.05). However, we observed two different changes in s-IgA levels among participants: one group presented s-IgA reduction, and the other group demonstrated its maintenance. It was shown that patients from the ECCG group who presented a reduction in s-IgA levels during follow-up also showed a decrease in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. count (p<0.05), in contrast to patients who did not present this reduction. The flow rate and total protein were similar between groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: The present data support the idea that children with early childhood caries present higher levels of s-IgA in saliva than caries-free children. The restorative dental treatment does not have a significant influence on salivary levels of this immunoglobulin during the follow-up period.

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Factors affecting clinical outcome following treatment of early childhood caries under general anaesthesia: a two-year follow-up

European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry ◽

10.1007/s40368-013-0081-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

H. Y. El Batawi

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

General Anaesthesia ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Childhood Caries

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Early Childhood Caries: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Prevention

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2018/1415873 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

F. Meyer ◽

J. Enax

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Oral Care ◽

Rapid Progression ◽

Poor Oral Hygiene ◽

Caries Epidemiology ◽

Oral Microorganisms ◽

Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide. ECC is driven by a dysbiotic state of oral microorganisms mainly caused by a sugar-rich diet. Additionally, poor oral hygiene or insufficient dental plaque removal leads to the rapid progression of ECC. ECC leads not only to dental destruction and pain with children, but also affects the quality of life of the caregivers. Children with extensive ECC are at high risk to develop caries with the permanent dentition or will have other problems with speaking and/or eating. To prevent ECC, several strategies should be taken into account. Children should brush their teeth with toothpastes containing gentle ingredients, such as mild surfactants and agents showing antiadherent properties regarding oral microorganisms. Parents/caregivers have to help their children with brushing the teeth. Furthermore, remineralizing and nontoxic agents should be included into the toothpaste formulation. Two promising biomimetic agents for children’s oral care are amorphous calcium phosphate [Cax(PO4)ynH2O] and hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)].

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Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.16275.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Endang W. Bachtiar ◽

Boy M. Bachtiar

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Unstimulated Saliva ◽

Student’S T ◽

Total Bacteria ◽

Childhood Caries

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.

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Microbiota of Severe Early Childhood Caries before and after Therapy

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034511421201 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 90 (11) ◽

pp. 1298-1305 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

A.C.R. Tanner ◽

R.L. Kent ◽

P. Lif Holgerson ◽

C.V. Hughes ◽

C.Y. Loo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Lower Detection ◽

Before And After ◽

Dietary Component ◽

Prevotella Species ◽

Post Therapy ◽

Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽

Childhood Caries

Severe early childhood caries (ECC) is difficult to treat successfully. This study aimed to characterize the microbiota of severe ECC and evaluate whether baseline or follow-up microbiotas are associated with new lesions post-treatment. Plaque samples from 2- to 6-year-old children were analyzed by a 16S rRNA-based microarray and by PCR for selected taxa. Severe-ECC children were monitored for 12 months post-therapy. By microarray, species associated with severe-ECC (n = 53) compared with caries-free (n = 32) children included Slackia exigua (p = 0.002), Streptococcus parasanguinis (p = 0.013), and Prevotella species (p < 0.02). By PCR, severe-ECC-associated taxa included Bifidobacteriaceae (p < 0.001), Scardovia wiggsiae (p = 0.003), Streptococcus mutans with bifidobacteria (p < 0.001), and S. mutans with S. wiggsiae (p = 0.001). In follow-up, children without new lesions (n = 36) showed lower detection of taxa including S. mutans, changes not observed in children with follow-up lesions (n = 17). Partial least-squares modeling separated the children into caries-free and two severe-ECC groups with either a stronger bacterial or a stronger dietary component. We conclude that several species, including S. wiggsiae and S. exigua, are associated with the ecology of advanced caries, that successful treatment is accompanied by a change in the microbiota, and that severe ECC is diverse, with influences from selected bacteria or from diet.

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