Longitudinal Evaluation of Salivary Iga-S in Children with Early Childhood Caries Before and After Restorative Treatment

Background: Our aim was to compare salivary levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) in children with early childhood caries (ECCG) and those who are caries-free (CFG) and verify these levels in a follow-up period after restorative treatment. Materials and methods: We selected 46 systemically healthy children in the complete primary dentition period, who were allocated into two groups: CFG (n = 23) and ECCG (dmf-s > 0; n = 23). Unstimulated whole saliva was obtained at baseline from both groups and during the follow-up period (7 days, 1, 2 and 3 months) in the ECCG group. The s-IgA was measured using an ELISA assay, and total protein was assessed using the Bradford method. We also evaluated the flow rate (mL/min), Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. counting using selective media plaques. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the software SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc, IL, USA) with a confidence interval set at 95%. Results: Salivary s-IgA levels were higher in baseline of ECCG than in CFG (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between s-IgA salivary levels at baseline and the evaluations after dental treatment in ECCG (p>0.05). However, we observed two different changes in s-IgA levels among participants: one group presented s-IgA reduction, and the other group demonstrated its maintenance. It was shown that patients from the ECCG group who presented a reduction in s-IgA levels during follow-up also showed a decrease in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. count (p<0.05), in contrast to patients who did not present this reduction. The flow rate and total protein were similar between groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: The present data support the idea that children with early childhood caries present higher levels of s-IgA in saliva than caries-free children. The restorative dental treatment does not have a significant influence on salivary levels of this immunoglobulin during the follow-up period.

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Genotypic diversity of Streptococcus mutans in children with and without early childhood caries- A systematic review

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research ◽

10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.03.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 308-312

Author(s):

Dhanalakshmi Ravikumar ◽

Pratibha Ramani ◽

R. Gayathri

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Childhood Caries

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Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.16275.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Endang W. Bachtiar ◽

Boy M. Bachtiar

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Unstimulated Saliva ◽

Student’S T ◽

Total Bacteria ◽

Childhood Caries

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.

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Streptococcus Mutans Strains in Mother-Child Pairs of Children with Early Childhood Caries

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4625-43.4.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 252-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Priya Subramaniam ◽

Revathy Suresh

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Similar Distribution ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Only Children ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Childhood Caries

Objective: Dental caries is both an infectious and transmissible disease. Maternal transfer of Mutans Streptococci occurs at an early age and is important in the initiation of dental caries in children. The aim of this study was to identify certain strains of Streptococcus mutans in mother-child pairs, of children with early childhood caries. Study design: Sixty mother-child pairs of healthy children aged 18–36 months were selected. Mothers with high levels of Streptococcus mutans in their saliva and only children with ECC were included. Dental plaque samples were collected from mother-child pairs. The plaque samples were stored, transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for Streptococcus mutans strains c, f, e and k, present in mother-child pairs using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis for level of similarity in Streptococcus mutans strains present in mother-child pairs. Results: A similar distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains c, f and k was identified in 28 mother-child pairs. Streptococcus mutans strain e was seen in 18 pairs. Conclusion: Less than 50% of mother-child pairs showed similarity in distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains.

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Applications of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Dentistry

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i52a33571 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 163-170

Author(s):

Sayali Deshpande ◽

Amit Reche ◽

Priyanka Paul Madhu ◽

Kumar Gaurav Chhabra ◽

Sunaina Mutyalwar

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Silver Ions ◽

The United States ◽

Control Agent ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Patient Cooperation ◽

Childhood Caries

Various studies published in the literature around the world indicate a significant prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). Treatment of early childhood caries (ECC) using silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has become a viable alternative, particularly for young and anxious children, because traditional restorative treatments is unlikely to combat this prevalent condition. Arrested caries is identified by the hardening of teeth and it changes its color from dark brown to black. More restorative treatments can be performed if necessary. Traditional ECC restorative treatments are not always inexpensive or feasible, as they involve patient cooperation to achieve a satisfactory result. Japan was the first country to promote silver diamine fluoride in 1960. SDF has been used to prevent the spread of caries in various Asian nations, including Japan and China. It was enacted as a fluoride to treat sensitive teeth in the United States by Food and Drug Administration ( FDA). For young children or individuals with specific needs, it is painless and simple to use .The fluoride in SDF stimulates remineralization while the silver ions act as an antimicrobial agent when applied to carious lesions and stop cariogenic biofilms from growing. SDF also prevents future degradation of the dentin's collagen. With a 38 percent use rate, SDF has been utilized in a number of nations. According to a review, SDF is a harmless, economical caries control agent with a wide utilisation in dentistry, and it may meet the WHO Millennium Development Goal (MDG) as well as the United States Institute of Medicine's criteria. The applications of SDF in dental treatment are discussed in this article.

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Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1420 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 119-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manjunath P Puranik ◽

Deepa Bullappa ◽

KR Sowmya ◽

T Nagarathnamma

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mothers And Children ◽

Feeding Methods ◽

Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Introduction Early childhood caries (ECC) is a virulent form of dental caries that can destroy the primary dentition of toddlers and preschool children. The aim was to determine the relationship of feeding methods and oral Streptococcus mutans count in 3- to 5-year-old children with ECC. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 3 to 5 years. Participating mothers were interviewed regarding child's demographic profile, educational level and socioeconomic status of parents, past medical and dental history of the mother and child, child's feeding habits, and dietary habits and oral hygiene practices of mother and child. Clinical examination for dental caries was done using the World Health Organization criteria (1997). Salivary samples of mother–child pair were collected to determine the pH, flow rate, and S. mutans count. Statistical tests, such as Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were applied. Results Out of 150 mother–child pair, statistically significant difference in the caries experience was found between mothers and children with high and low S. mutans count. Moderate but statistically significant negative correlation was found between mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth of mothers and mean decayed, extracted and filled teeth (deft) of children with high S. mutans count. Regarding deft, there was no statistically significant difference between children who were exclusively breast fed (7.85 ± 2.94), exclusively bottle-fed (8.67 ± 3.98), and both breast and bottle-fed (7.77 ± 2.91). Conclusion The mean caries experience of mothers and children was 2.66 ± 2.01 and 7.82 ± 2.94 respectively, with decayed component being maximum. Moderate and significant correlation (r = 0.5) was found between S. mutans of mothers and children in saliva. Significant negative correlation was found between mothers and children with high S. mutans count (r = –0.0284; p = 0.046). How to cite this article Bullappa D, Puranik MP, Sowmya KR, Nagarathnamma T. Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):119-125.

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