Emission inventory for the road transport sector in Sardinia (Italy)

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bellasio ◽  
R. Bianconi ◽  
G. Corda ◽  
P. Cucca
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road

scholarly journals Composition of gaseous organic carbon during ECOCEM in Beirut, Lebanon: new observational constraints for VOC anthropogenic emission evaluation in the Middle East

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thérèse Salameh ◽  
Agnès Borbon ◽  
Charbel Afif ◽  
Stéphane Sauvage ◽  
Thierry Leonardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
The Road ◽  
Global Emission

Abstract. The relative importance of Eastern Mediterranean emissions is suspected to be largely underestimated compared to other regions worldwide. Here we use detailed speciated measurements of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity of VOC urban emission composition and the consistency of regional and global emission inventories downscaled to Lebanon (EMEP, ACCMIP, and MACCity). The assessment was conducted through the comparison of the emission ratios extracted from the emission inventories to the ones obtained from the hourly observations collected at a sub-urban site in Beirut, Lebanon during summertime and wintertime ECOCEM campaigns. The observed ERs were calculated by two independent methods. ER values from both methods agree very well (difference up to 10 %) and are comparable to the ones of the road transport sector from near-field measurements for more than 80 % of the species. There is no significant seasonality in ER for more than 90 % of the species unlike the seasonality usually observed in other cities worldwide. Regardless of the season, ERs agree within a factor of 2 between Beirut and other representative worldwide cities except for the unburned fuel fraction and ethane. ERs of aromatics (benzene excepted) are higher in Beirut compared to northern post-industrialized countries and even the Middle Eastern city Mecca. The comparison of the observed ER relative to CO and to acetylene as well as the ratios of every NMVOC to each of the other NMVOCs (NMVOCi) to the ones extracted from ACCMIP and MACCity global emission inventories suggests that the overall speciation of anthropogenic sources for major hydrocarbons that act as ozone and SOA precursors in ACCMIP is reasonably represented. The comparison of the specific road transport ER relative to acetylene derived from near-field measurements to ER from ACCMIP and EMEP emission inventories for road transport sector showed that ER from the road transport sector are usually consistent within a factor of 2 with the regional emission inventory EMEP while xylenes and toluene are underestimated over a factor of 2 by ACCMIP. The observed heterogeneity of anthropogenic VOC emission composition between Middle Eastern cities can be significant for reactive VOC but is not depicted by global emission inventories. This suggests that systematic and detailed measurements are needed in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin in order to better constrain emission inventory.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effects of Electrification of the Road Transport Sector on the Possible Penetration of Nuclear Fusion in the Long-Term European Energy Mix

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3634
Author(s):  
Daniele Lerede ◽  
Chiara Bustreo ◽  
Francesco Gracceva ◽  
Yolanda Lechón ◽  
Laura Savoldi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
The Road

The European Roadmap towards the production of electricity from nuclear fusion foresees the potential availability of nuclear fusion power plants (NFPPs) in the second half of this century. The possible penetration of that technology, typically addressed by using the global energy system EUROFusion TIMES Model (ETM), will depend, among other aspects, on its costs compared to those of the other available technologies for electricity production, and on the future electricity demand. This paper focuses on the ongoing electrification process of the transport sector, with special attention devoted to road transport. A survey on the present and forthcoming technologies, as foreseen by several manufacturers and other models, and an international vehicle database are taken into account to develop the new road transport module, then implemented and harmonized inside ETM. Following three different storylines, the computed results are presented in terms of the evolution of the road transport demand in the next decades, fleet composition and CO 2 emissions. The ETM results are in line with many other studies. On one hand, they highlight, for the European road transport energy consumption pattern, the need for dramatic changes in the transport market, if the most ambitious environmental goals are to be pursued. On the other hand, the results also show that NFPP adoption on a commercial scale could be justified within the current projection of the investment costs, if the deep penetration of electricity in the road transport sector also occurs.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Diachronic Development of CO2 Emission Levels in Relation to Traffic Characteristics Along Major Road Axes During an Era of Recession: the Case of Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-640
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Key Factor

The problem of reducing CO2 emissions from transport, a major contributor to the greenhouse effect, has become a growing concern for the scientific community and various international committees monitoring climate change. Energy savings in the transport sector are a key factor towards rational management of oil reserves, while new trends in the automotive market have already been established, supported by research on efficient and environmentally-friendly technologies and alternative fuels to face fossil fuel dependency. The road transport sector is an important part for most developed economies but also a major source of pollutant emissions. In this framework, this paper focuses on transport emissions along the main road axis in Greece, connecting the country’s two largest urban areas, during the years 2008-2014, a period of prolonged recession. Based on traffic data collected at the toll stations along the highway, greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions were calculated using the COPERT4 emission estimation tool. According to the results, a sharp fall in emissions is observed largely due to traffic volume reductions, but also due to a prevailing trend for larger displacement vehicles and technologically improved vehicles with better environmental standards.

scholarly journals Prioritizing the Chicken or Egg? Electric Vehicle Purchase and Charging Infrastructure Subsidies in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Roland Zink ◽  
Javier Valdes ◽  
Jane Wuth
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Vehicle Purchase ◽  
The Impact

To meet current targets for greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, emissions, especially those originating from the road transport sector, need to be reduced. Plans are to achieve this goal by substituting fossil fuel vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs). This article first discusses conceptually the impact of an increasing share of EVs on the electricity grid and suitable locations for charging stations with examples from a Case Study in Lower Bavaria. Secondly, the impact of purchase subsidies on EV purchases in Germany, a high-income country characterized by an important automotive industry and an increasing share of private vehicles is examined. To achieve this, yearly information on EV purchases were analyzed by applying the Synthetic Control Method. Combining data from different sources including the European Alternative Fuels Observatory, Eurostat, and the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association, an overall picture was developed. Results indicate a difference between private, semi-public, and public charging infrastructures. Its spatial distribution does not correspond to a specific development strategy. Moreover, EV subsidies have a limited effect in Germany when controlling for market size. Limiting the discussion to a trade-off between subsidizing infrastructures or EV purchases obviates the multidimensionality of the problem as neither of them may be sufficient to accelerate the transition per se. Furthermore, if electricity provided for EVs comes mainly from fossil carriers, the changes in the road transport sector will not yield the expected emission reductions. The transition towards renewables is directly intertwined with the effects of EVs on emission reductions in the road transport sector.

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