Cosmic rays and the electric field of thunderclouds: Evidence for acceleration of particles (runaway electrons)

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Khaerdinov ◽  
A.S. Lidvansky ◽  
V.B. Petkov
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Mesyats ◽  
A.G. Reutova ◽  
K.A. Sharypov ◽  
V.G. Shpak ◽  
S.A. Shunailov ◽  
...  

AbstractExperiments with an air electrode gap have been performed where the current/charge of a picosecond beam of runaway electrons was measured over a wide range (up to four orders of magnitude) downstream of the absorbing foil filters. Measurements and calculations have made it possible to refer the beam current to the rise time of the accelerating voltage pulse to within picoseconds. It has been shown that, in contrast to a widespread belief, the runaway electron energies achieved are no greater than those corresponding to the mode of free acceleration of electrons in a nonstationary, highly nonuniform electric field induced by the cathode voltage. The experimental data agree with predictions of a numerical model that describes free acceleration of particles. It has been confirmed that the magnitude of the critical electric field that is necessary for electrons to go into the mode of continuous acceleration of electrons in atmospheric air corresponds to classical notions.


2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurevich ◽  
G. A. Mesyats ◽  
K. P. Zybin ◽  
M. I. Yalandin ◽  
A. G. Reutova ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Stathopoulos ◽  
Stergios Misios ◽  
Konstantinos Kourtidis

<p>Here we examine the cause-and-effect relations between galactic cosmic rays, electric field, aerosols and clouds over a region of Atlantic Ocean, during a Forbush Decrease (FD) event on 07/12/2015, using Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM) method. For this purpose, we used FD data from the Neuron Monitor Database (NMDB), Potential Gradient data (PG) from Global Coordination of Atmospheric Electricity Measurements (GLOCAEM) and remote sensing data from MODIS/Aqua, namely Aerosol Optical Depth at 550nm (AOD), Cloud Fraction (CF), Cloud Optical Thickness (COT), Cloud Top Pressure (CTP), Cirrus Reflectance (CR) and Cloud Effective Radius-Liquid (CERL). A cause-and-effect relation was found between FD and AOD, CERL, CF and PG, over the region. On the other hand, no causal effect was found between FD and COT, CTP and CR. This research is funded in the context of the project "Cosmic and electric effects on aerosols and clouds” (MIS: 5049552) under the call for proposals “Support for researchers with emphasis on young researchers - Cycle B” (EDULL 103). The project is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund - ESF) by the Operational Programme Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020.</p>


1994 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 719-728
Author(s):  
Bernhard Kliem

AbstractTest particle orbits in the two-dimensional Fadeev equilibrium with a perpendicular electric field added are analyzed to show that impulsive bursty reconnection, which has been proposed as a model for fragmentary energy release in solar flares, may account also for particle acceleration to (near) relativistic energies within a fraction of a second. The convective electric field connected with magnetic island dynamics can play an important role in the acceleration process.Subject headings: acceleration of particles — MHD — plasmas — Sun: corona — Sun: flares


1994 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor G. Mitrofanov

AbstractIs it shown that for those astronomical models of cosmic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) which are associated with galactic neutron stars (NSs), the initial energy of the outburst could be converted to gamma-rays through processes of particle acceleration. The main emission mechanisms are considered for two basic alternatives, when particles are accelerated either by radiative pressure or by an electric field.Subject headings: acceleration of particles — gamma rays: bursts — radiation mechanisms: nonthermal


2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Artemyev ◽  
L. M. Zelenyi ◽  
H. V. Malova ◽  
G. Zimbardo ◽  
D. Delcourt

Abstract. The paper is devoted to particle acceleration in turbulent current sheet (CS). Our results show that the mechanism of CS particle interaction with electromagnetic turbulence can explain the formation of power law energy distributions. We study the ratio between adiabatic acceleration of particles in electric field in the presence of stationary turbulence and acceleration due to electric field in the case of dynamic turbulence. The correlation between average energy gained by particles and average particle residence time in the vicinity of the neutral sheet is discussed. It is also demonstrated that particle velocity distributions formed by particle-turbulence interaction are similar in essence to the ones observed near the far reconnection region in the Earth's magnetotail.


1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhimsen K. Shivamoggi

A formal method of multiple scales is used to study the effect of a harmonically varying applied uniform electric field, of magnitude much smaller than the Dreicer critical field Ec, on the runaway electrons in a Lorentz plasma.


2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 022514 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Paz-Soldan ◽  
N. W. Eidietis ◽  
R. Granetz ◽  
E. M. Hollmann ◽  
R. A. Moyer ◽  
...  

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