Increased cellular uptake of peptide-modified PEGylated gold nanoparticles

We have developed a novel HDL-based multifunctional platform for transport and delivery of highly hydrophobic gold nanoparticles (AuNP) bearing photothermic properties. We exploit the ability of apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) to act as a high affinity ligand for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) to gain entry into glioblastoma cells. The issue of poor aqueous solubility of AuNP was overcome by integrating them with phospholipids and apoE3, yielding reconstituted rHDL bearing 3, 10, or 10 nm AuNP. UV-Vis spectra of rHDL-AuNP indicated the presence of stable particles with surface plasmon band at ~530 nm, a signature feature of AuNP. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed discoidal geometry for rHDL with 3, 10 and 17 nm particles. Co-immunoprecipitation assay using a soluble form of the LDLr indicated robust binding of rHDL-AuNP to the receptor. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that all 3 rHDL particles were internalized by glioblastoma cells, as revealed by the presence of punctate, peri-nuclear endocytic/lysosomal vesicles; this suggests cellular uptake of rHDL-AuNP by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cellular uptake was further confirmed by TEM, in which aggregated AuNP were found in the endosomal-lysosomal compartments. Finally, cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that more than 50% of cells were viable with rHDL-AuNP treatment of up to 0.1 mg/ml for 24 h. The findings that apoE3: (i) acts as a detergent in solubilizing and dramatically improving the aqueous solubility of AuNP, and, (ii) facilitates cellular uptake of rHDL-AuNP by the LDLr pathway, are significant since they offer an effective means of delivering AuNP across the cell membrane. This is particularly relevant in tumor cells since they overexpress LDLr to meet the high demand for cholesterol that is required for rapid proliferation and membrane biogenesis.

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Cellular uptake of spherical and triangular shaped gold nanoparticles synthesised using Eupatorium odoratum leaf extract

Advances in Natural Sciences Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1088/2043-6262/ac00a4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 035017

Author(s):

Alok Roy ◽

Biswajit Das ◽

Mahuya Sengupta ◽

Bidhan Mohanta

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Cellular Uptake ◽

Leaf Extract

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Targeting dendritic cells through gold nanoparticles: A review on the cellular uptake and subsequent immunological properties

Molecular Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.molimm.2017.09.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 91 ◽

pp. 123-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Suhana Ahmad ◽

Anes Ateqah Zamry ◽

Hern-Tze Tina Tan ◽

Kah Keng Wong ◽

JitKang Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Cellular Uptake ◽

Immunological Properties

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Analytical methodology for studying cellular uptake, processing and localization of gold nanoparticles

Analytica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1052 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Magdalena Matczuk ◽

Lena Ruzik ◽

Svetlana S. Aleksenko ◽

Bernhard K. Keppler ◽

Maciej Jarosz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Cellular Uptake ◽

Analytical Methodology

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Morphological Diversity, Protein Adsorption, and Cellular Uptake of Polydopamine-Coated Gold Nanoparticles

Langmuir ◽

10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02572 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (46) ◽

pp. 14033-14045 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Kwun Hei Samuel Sy ◽

Lok Wai Cola Ho ◽

Wilson Chun Yu Lau ◽

Ho Ko ◽

Chung Hang Jonathan Choi

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Protein Adsorption ◽

Cellular Uptake ◽

Morphological Diversity

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Protein-Coated Aryl Modified Gold Nanoparticles for Cellular Uptake Study by Osteosarcoma Cancer Cells

10.26434/chemrxiv.12296261 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehvesh Hameed ◽

Seema Panicker ◽

Sallam Hasan Abdallah ◽

Amir A. Khan ◽

Changseok Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cellular Uptake ◽

Phase Transfer ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Uptake Study ◽

Stabilizing Agents ◽

Coated Nanoparticles ◽

Green Route ◽

The Difference

We synthesized protein-coated gold nanoparticles using green and chemical reduction routes for cellular uptake study. In the current work, we coated gold-aryl nanoparticles of the type AuNPs-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-4-COOH with BSA, collagen, zein and lysozyme proteins. Both routes were carried out without phase-transfer catalysts or extraneous stabilizing agents. High crystallinity of the AuNPs synthesized by the green route can be seen in the transmission electron microscopy images. <a>Osteosarcoma cancer cells are malignant bone tumors with abnormal cellular functions. Studies using MG-63 cells will provide mechanistic suggestions on the details of the amplification in tumors. </a>We studied the cellular uptake of the bioconjugates by MG-63 osteosarcoma cells using laser confocal fluorescence microscopy (LCFM) and flow cytometry. In the LCFM study, BSA-AuNPs was uptaken most efficiently of all protein-coated gold nanoparticles synthesized by the green route. Zein and lysozyme coated nanoparticles, though small sizes, prepared by the green method were not efficiently uptaken by MG-63. The two nanoparticles are negatively charged and zein is also a hydrophobic coat. The difference in hydrophobicity and charge might have affected the internalization. All of those coated nanoparticles that were efficiently uptaken can potentially be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for osteosarcoma.

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Cellular Uptake of Gold Nanoparticles Triggered by Host–Guest Interactions

Journal of the American Chemical Society ◽

10.1021/jacs.7b12505 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 140 (13) ◽

pp. 4469-4472 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Jesús Mosquera ◽

Malou Henriksen-Lacey ◽

Isabel García ◽

Miguel Martínez-Calvo ◽

Jéssica Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Cellular Uptake

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Epigallocatechin Gallate-Gold Nanoparticles Exhibit Superior Antitumor Activity Compared to Conventional Gold Nanoparticles: Potential Synergistic Interactions

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9030396 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 396 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Suhash Chavva ◽

Sachin Deshmukh ◽

Rajashekhar Kanchanapally ◽

Nikhil Tyagi ◽

Jason Coym ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Antitumor Activity ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cellular Uptake ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Tetrazolium Salt ◽

Uptake Studies

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) possesses significant antitumor activity and binds to laminin receptors, overexpressed on cancer cells, with high affinity. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) serve as excellent drug carriers and protect the conjugated drug from enzymatic metabolization. Citrate-gold nanoparticles (C-GNPs) and EGCG-gold nanoparticles (E-GNPs) were synthesized by reduction methods and characterized with UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Cytotoxicity of citrate, EGCG, C-GNPs, and E-GNPs was evaluated by the water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay. Nanoparticle cellular uptake studies were performed by TEM and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Dialysis method was employed to assess drug release. Cell viability studies showed greater growth inhibition by E-GNPs compared to EGCG or C-GNPs. Cellular uptake studies revealed that, unlike C-GNPs, E-GNPs were taken up more efficiently by cancerous cells than noncancerous cells. We found that E-GNP nanoformulation releases EGCG in a sustained fashion. Furthermore, data showed that E-GNPs induced more apoptosis in cancer cells compared to EGCG and C-GNPs. From the mechanistic standpoint, we observed that E-GNPs inhibited the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) with greater potency than EGCG, whereas C-GNPs were only minimally effective. Altogether, our data suggest that E-GNPs can serve as potent tumor-selective chemotoxic agents.

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