Shaping the gut microbiota by bioactive phytochemicals: An emerging approach for the prevention and treatment of human diseases

Biochimie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Sudheer ◽  
Prateeksha Gangwar ◽  
Zeba Usmani ◽  
Minaxi Sharma ◽  
Vivek Kumar Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Bioactive Phytochemicals

scholarly journals Colonocyte metabolism shapes the gut microbiota

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (6418) ◽  
pp. eaat9076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Litvak ◽  
Mariana X. Byndloss ◽  
Andreas J. Bäumler
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Control Switch ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

An imbalance in the colonic microbiota might underlie many human diseases, but the mechanisms that maintain homeostasis remain elusive. Recent insights suggest that colonocyte metabolism functions as a control switch, mediating a shift between homeostatic and dysbiotic communities. During homeostasis, colonocyte metabolism is directed toward oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in high epithelial oxygen consumption. The consequent epithelial hypoxia helps to maintain a microbial community dominated by obligate anaerobic bacteria, which provide benefit by converting fiber into fermentation products absorbed by the host. Conditions that alter the metabolism of the colonic epithelium increase epithelial oxygenation, thereby driving an expansion of facultative anaerobic bacteria, a hallmark of dysbiosis in the colon. Enteric pathogens subvert colonocyte metabolism to escape niche protection conferred by the gut microbiota. The reverse strategy, a metabolic reprogramming to restore colonocyte hypoxia, represents a promising new therapeutic approach for rebalancing the colonic microbiota in a broad spectrum of human diseases.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2903
Author(s):  
Jiezhong Chen ◽  
Luis Vitetta
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Bacterial Metabolites ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The gut microbiota is well known to exert multiple benefits on human health including protection from disease causing pathobiont microbes. It has been recognized that healthy intestinal microbiota is of great importance in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Gut dysbiosis caused by various reasons is associated with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota and supplementation of commensal bacterial metabolites could reduce the severity of COVID-19. Many approaches have been studied to improve gut microbiota in COVID-19 including probiotics, bacterial metabolites, and prebiotics, as well as nutraceuticals and trace elements. So far, 19 clinical trials for testing the efficacy of probiotics and synbiotics in COVID-19 prevention and treatment are ongoing. In this narrative review, we summarize the effects of various approaches on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and discuss associated mechanisms.

Designer probiotics for the prevention and treatment of human diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koon Jiew Chua ◽  
Wee Chiew Kwok ◽  
Nikhil Aggarwal ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Matthew Wook Chang
Keyword(s):  
Human Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

scholarly journals Bioactive Phytochemicals and Functional Food Ingredients in Fruits and Vegetables

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3278
Author(s):  
Francesca Giampieri ◽  
Maurizio Battino
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Bioactive Phytochemicals

Today, it is widely accepted that a plant-based diet produces wellbeing and prevents the onset of several human diseases [...]

scholarly journals Impact of Different Types of Diet on Gut Microbiota Profiles and Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Klement ◽  
Valerio Pazienza
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Food Consumed

Diet is frequently considered as a food regimen focused on weight loss, while it is actually the sum of food consumed by the organism. Western diets, modern lifestyle, sedentary behaviors, smoking habits, and drug consumption have led to a significant reduction of gut microbial diversity, which is linked to many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The latter kill 40 million people each year, equivalent to more than 70% of all deaths globally. Among NCDs, tumors play a major role, being responsible for 29% of deaths from NCDs. A link between diet, microbiota, and cancer prevention and treatment has recently been unveiled, underlining the importance of a new food culture based on limiting dietary surplus and on preferring healthier foods. Here, we review the effects of some of the most popular “cancer-specific” diets on microbiota composition and their potential impact on cancer prevention and treatment.

The gut microbiota changes in obese people: a new perspective for the modern medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovico Abenavoli ◽  
Anna Caterina Procopio ◽  
Emidio Scarpellini
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Modern Era

: Obesity is one of the major health problems of the modern era. Obesity has been associated with rapidly rising growth rates that affect every age group of the population indiscriminately, particularly the younger ones. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to identify increasingly effective therapies in order to avoid the possible complications of the syndrome. In this context, the microbota can represent one of the therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of obesity. We highlight the role of the microbiota as a therapeutic target in obesity.

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