Population dynamics and future persistence of the clouded Apollo butterfly in southern Scandinavia: The importance of low intensity grazing and creation of habitat patches

2017 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Johansson ◽  
Jonas Knape ◽  
Markus Franzén
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Habitat Patches ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
Apollo Butterfly ◽  
Intensity Grazing

Growth Rate and Long-Term Population Dynamics of Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) Regeneration in Western Australian Forest

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott ◽  
O Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Five of the six stages in the regeneration of jarrah (seedling, lignotuberous seedling, seedling coppice, ground coppice and sapling) were studied in detail. Survival of seedlings is variable but usually low, and growth into the ground coppice stage usually takes 15-20 years. Growth into the sapling stage is arrested until there is substantial reduction in intraspecific competition. Lignotuberous seedlings, seedling coppice and ground coppice growing in ashbeds show faster rates of growth in length of the long axis of the lignotuber and length of the tallest shoot. Logging and prescribed (low-intensity) fires are associated with development of more seedling coppice and growth of ground coppice into saplings and poles than is fire alone.

Above-ground biomass accumulation patterns in moorlands after prescribed burning and low-intensity grazing

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josu G. Alday ◽  
Victor M. Santana ◽  
Hyohyemi Lee ◽  
Katherine A. Allen ◽  
Rob H. Marrs
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Intensity Grazing

scholarly journals Microarthropod communities and their ecosystem services restore when permanent grassland with mowing or low-intensity grazing is installed

2022 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
pp. 107682
Author(s):  
Nick van Eekeren ◽  
Eelke Jongejans ◽  
Maaike van Agtmaal ◽  
Yuxi Guo ◽  
Merit van der Velden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Intensity Grazing

scholarly journals Resolving the SLOSS dilemma for biodiversity conservation: a research agenda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenore Fahrig ◽  
James Watling ◽  
Carlos Arnillas ◽  
Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez ◽  
Theresa Jörger-Hickfang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
Habitat Patches ◽  
Spreading Of Risk

In biodiversity conservation, the “SL > SS principle” that a single (or few) large habitat patches (SL) conserve more species than several small patches (SS) is used to prioritize protection of large patches while down-weighting small ones. However, empirical support for this principle is lacking; most studies find SS > SL. We propose a research agenda to resolve this dilemma by asking, “are there consistent, empirically-demonstrated conditions leading to SL > SS?” We develop a hypothesis to answer this question, the “SLOSS cube hypothesis,” which predicts SL > SS only when all three of the following are true: between-patch movement is low, population dynamics are not influenced by spreading-of-risk, and large-scale across-habitat heterogeneity is low. We then propose methods to test this prediction. Many tests are needed, comparing gamma diversity across multiple landscapes varying in number and sizes of patches. If the prediction is not generally supported across tests, then either the mechanisms leading to SL > SS are extremely rare in nature, or they are outweighed by countervailing mechanisms leading to SS > SL (e.g. lower competition or higher immigration in SS), or both. In that case, the SL > SS principle should be abandoned.

Short-Term Effects of Fuel Reduction Burning on Populations of Small Terrestrial Mammals

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Thompson ◽  
G Medlin ◽  
R Hutchinson ◽  
N West
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Fuel Reduction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Low Levels

Small mammals (Rattus fuscipes, Mus musculus, Antechinus flavipes, Isoodon obesulus) were livetrapped for 18 months prior to fuel reduction burning (FRB) in dry sclerophyll forest dominated by Eucalyptus obliqua south of Adelaide. Although the fire prescription was hotter than that normally conducted for a FRB in this habitat, the fire was of low intensity, removing most of the litter and understorey but only singeing the canopy in a few places. Trapping continued for 16 months after the burn, when the study site was destroyed by a wildfire (Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983). No animals were known to have died as a direct result of the FRB and little effect was observed on the population dynamics of A. flavipes. However, numbers of R. fuscipes declined precipitously in the 3 months following the FRB and remained at low levels with no summer recruitment of juveniles over the following 16 months (2 summers) as there had been in the summer prior to the FRB. No movements to unburned areas were recorded in either species after the FRB. There was no influx of M, musculus after the fire and there was no marked affect on the population of I. obesulus.

scholarly journals Plant species selection by sheep in semi-natural dry grasslands extensively grazed in the south-western Italian Alps

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pittarello ◽  
Alessandra Gorlier ◽  
Giampiero Lombardi ◽  
Michele Lonati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
North West ◽  
Dry Grasslands ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Intensity Grazing

Sheep can have an important role in the conservation of abandoned and shrub- and tree-encroached, semi-natural dry grasslands because their feeding behaviour is known to affect plant diversity and structure. Nevertheless, little information is available about feeding preferences of sheep at the sward-patch scale and about the effects of stocking density on their selectivity. Consequently, we investigated plant-species selection by sheep managed with a low-intensity grazing, examining the influence of stocking density and plant species abundance by means of vegetation surveys and animal GPS tracking. Sheep grazed a graminoid-dominated, semi-natural dry grassland (Festuco–Brometea) in Piedmont Region, north-west Italy. Plant species, classified into graminoids, suffruticose forbs, and herbaceous forbs, were selected with a different intensity by sheep, which preferred graminoids over suffruticose and herbaceous forbs. Plant species showing a high consumption ratio (CR), i.e. the level of selection of plant species (CR >10%), were mostly graminoids (e.g. Bromus erectus, Koeleria vallesiana and Stipa pennata). Furthermore, Carex species were also noticeably selected, in particular C. humilis, whereas spiny species and those with a rosette or prostrate forms were rarely grazed. The heterogeneity of stocking density over the pasture allowed testing of the relationships between stocking density and CR. For many species, the higher the stocking density, the higher was the CR, regardless of the abundance of dominant neighbouring species. Results suggest that sheep under low-intensity grazing conditions exert a specific plant-species selection in abandoned dry grasslands. By regulating the stocking density through the management of grazing sheep, it may be possible to condition the consumption of certain plant species, with medium–long-term effects on the botanical composition.

scholarly journals Foraging behavior and patch size distribution jointly determine population dynamics in fragmented landscapes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nauta ◽  
Yara Khaluf ◽  
Pieter Simoens ◽  
Ricardo Martinez-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Fragmented Landscapes ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Habitat Patches ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Per Se

Increased fragmentation caused by habitat loss presents a major threat to the persistence of animal populations. Whereas the negative effects of habitat loss on biodiversity are well-known, the effects of fragmentation per se on population dynamics and ecosystem stability remain less understood. How fragmentation affects populations is strongly determined by the rate at which individuals can move between separated habitat patches within the fragmented landscape. Here, we use a computational, spatially explicit predator-prey model to investigate how the interplay between fragmentation per se and optimal foraging behavior influences predator-prey interactions and, ultimately, ecosystem stability. We study cases where prey occupies isolated habitat patches and let predators disperse between patches following a Lévy random walk. Our results show that both the Lévy exponent and the degree of fragmentation strongly determine coexistence probabilities. Brownian and ballistic predators go extinct in highly fragmented landscapes and only scale-free predators can coexist with prey. Furthermore, our results reveal that predation causes irreversible loss of prey habitat in highly fragmented landscapes due to the overexploitation of smaller patches. Moreover, our results show that predator movement can reduce, but not prevent not minimize, the amount of irreversibly lost habitat. Our results suggest that incorporating optimal foraging theory into population- and landscape ecology models is crucial to assess the impact of fragmentation on biodiversity and ecosystem stability.

scholarly journals A recent find of Ophrys insectifera (Orchidaceae) in Ukraine – will it survive another 100 years?

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Jan Roleček ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Northern Slope ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Intensity Grazing ◽  
Steppe Meadow

Here I report the first find of Ophrys insectifera in Ukraine since 1920. A single individual was found at its last recorded site, Chortova Hora near Rohatyn (Ivano-Frankivsk Region). The species occurs in a steppe meadow habitat situated in the lower part of a steep northern slope. Local vegetation may be classified to a broadly circumscribed association Brachypodio pinnati-Molinietum arundinaceae from the alliance Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati (class Festuco-Brometea). I discuss possible causes of the long-term neglect of O. insectifera at the site, its habitat conditions and suitable conservation management. To ensure the continued occurrence of this poor competitor and other rare species, it is necessary to prevent accumulation of litter and successional changes of the grassland. Mowing, low-intensity grazing, controlled early spring burning or their combination may be suitable ways to achieve this.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document