Limitations of Orthophosphate Removal during Aerobic Batch Treatment of Piggery Slurry

Abstract Halite deposition is most commonly observed in gas/gas condensate fields with low water cut, high TDS produced brines and high temperature. Halite is notoriously difficult to inhibit and there are limited studies focused on halite due to it being incredibly challenging to have an effective test methodology under laboratory conditions that reflect the field conditions. The mechanisms of halite inhibition are unclear. In the published literature, static jar testing is primarily used to evaluate the performance of halite inhibitors. It is not representative of dynamic field conditions and provides limited information of halite inhibition. A new methanol driven dynamic test methodology has been developed alongside a novel jar test procedure, which together provides an effective methodology to evaluate halite inhibition under both static and dynamic conditions and provides an insight into the understanding of the mechanisms of halite inhibition. Using these novel test methodologies, four short-listed inhibitor chemistries including environmentally acceptable inhibitors were assessed and categorised into two types based on the understanding of the mechanism. ➤ Nucleation/growth inhibitors. Inhibitors reduce the nucleation/growth of halite crystals and give good performance under both static and dynamic test conditions.➤ Dispersion inhibitors. Inhibitor doesn't stop the nucleation/growth of halite crystals and gives poor performance under static conditions, but good performance under dynamic conditions due to dispersion effect. Both types of halite inhibitors have been successfully deployed in the fields through continuous injection or batch treatment. Coreflood tests were carried out to confirm the potential risk of formation damage during downhole batch treatment. Other deployment methods have been discussed such as through methanol injection line as both inhibitors are fully methanol compatible. This paper will give a comprehensive study of halite inhibition for challenged wells, including prediction, novel methodology, program of laboratory qualification, mechanism understanding and field deployment, coupled to the development of a chemical technology toolbox to design field halite applications. The value that a fuller understanding of halite control gives the industry is the ability to reduce/eliminate water wash application to control halite formation and so improve well operation time. If halite inhibition is considered at the capex phase of field development, provisions can be made for chemical injection facilities to maintain uninterrupted production.

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Successful Long Duration Batch Treatment of Gas Well to Prevent Corrosion Challenges and Solutions

10.2523/iptc-19640-ms ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jairo Leal ◽

Sunder Ramachandran ◽

Qiwei Wang ◽

Mauricio Espinosa ◽

Mostafa Elharakany

Keyword(s):

Gas Well ◽

Long Duration ◽

Batch Treatment

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Batch and continuous fixed bed adsorption of heavy metals removal using activated charcoal from neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72583-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Himanshu Patel

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Column Study ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Bed Height ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Batch Treatment

Abstract The present investigate was intended for adsorption of heavy metals i.e. Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni and Cd onto activated charcoal prepared from neem leaf powder (AC-NLP) using batch and column studies. Batch adsorption was performed using different variables like adsorbent dose, temperature and contact duration. Thermodynamic analysis of batch treatment concluded that adsorption is thermodynamically feasible and endothermic. This adsorption followed the Pseudo second-order kinetic model derived from correlation coefficient values of chemical kinetic studies. For column study, interpretation of breakthrough curves and parameters were conducted by varying flow rate, initial concentration and bed height; and reveal that optimum conditions were lower flow rate (5 mL/min) and lower initial concentration (5 mg/L) and higher bed height (20 cm). Comparisons of batch and column study through isotherm models were evaluated and column study is more preferred than batch treatment. Maximum Thomas adsorption capacity was achieved upto 205.6, 185.8, 154.5, 133.3, 120.6, 110.9 mg/g for Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni and Cr respectively. This removal pattern is elucidated by metal ionic properties. Various adsorbing agents such as acids and bases were utilized for adsorption–desorption of AC-NLP.

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