scholarly journals Batch and continuous fixed bed adsorption of heavy metals removal using activated charcoal from neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Patel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Column Study ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Batch Treatment

Abstract The present investigate was intended for adsorption of heavy metals i.e. Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni and Cd onto activated charcoal prepared from neem leaf powder (AC-NLP) using batch and column studies. Batch adsorption was performed using different variables like adsorbent dose, temperature and contact duration. Thermodynamic analysis of batch treatment concluded that adsorption is thermodynamically feasible and endothermic. This adsorption followed the Pseudo second-order kinetic model derived from correlation coefficient values of chemical kinetic studies. For column study, interpretation of breakthrough curves and parameters were conducted by varying flow rate, initial concentration and bed height; and reveal that optimum conditions were lower flow rate (5 mL/min) and lower initial concentration (5 mg/L) and higher bed height (20 cm). Comparisons of batch and column study through isotherm models were evaluated and column study is more preferred than batch treatment. Maximum Thomas adsorption capacity was achieved upto 205.6, 185.8, 154.5, 133.3, 120.6, 110.9 mg/g for Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni and Cr respectively. This removal pattern is elucidated by metal ionic properties. Various adsorbing agents such as acids and bases were utilized for adsorption–desorption of AC-NLP.

scholarly journals Analysis of Packed Bed Adsorption Column with Low Cost Adsorbent for Cadmium Removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 09 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Solute Uptake ◽  
Kinetics Of

In the current research, removal of cadmium from the effluent by using rice husk adsorbent is studied in packed bed with respect to various parameters like initial concentration, adsorbent dose, bed height and pH. Also the solute uptake data was analyzed for first and second order kinetic equations by varying these parameters. The effect of these parameters on kinetics of solute uptake is reported. It was observed that with increase in initial concentration from 10 mg/l to 50 mg/l, the exhaustion time decreased from 830 mg/l to 570 mg/l and break point time decreased from 330 minutes to 120 minutes. Also with increase in flow rate, exhaust time and break through time decreased significantly. The alkaline conditions favoured the adsorption with optimum pH of 6.The exhaustion and break through delayed with increasing bed height. The kinetics of the cadmium removal was affected by initial concentration and flow rate. At low initial concentration, it indicated second order kinetics. There was increasing shift from second to first order with increase in initial concentration. With increase in bed height from 30 to 40 cm there was shift from second to first order but with further increase in bed height, again shift towards second order kinetics was observed. The optimum bed height, initial concentration, flow rate and pH values were 50 cm,30 mg/l, 60 ml/min and 6 respectively. The adsorption efficiency was estimated to be 69 percent for optimum values of pH, initial concentration, bed height and flow rate.

Utilisation of Biomass and Hybrid Biochar from Elephant Grass and Low Density Polyethylene for the Competitive Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) from Aqueous Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua O. Ighalo ◽  
Lois T. Arowoyele ◽  
Samuel Ogunniyi ◽  
Comfort A. Adeyanju ◽  
Folasade M. Oladipo-Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Elephant Grass

Background: The presence of pollutants in polluted water is not singularized hence pollutant species are constantly in competition for active sites during the adsorption process. A key advantage of competitive adsorption studies is that it informs on the adsorbent performance in real water treatment applications. Objective: This study aims to investigate the competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biochar and hybrid biochar from LDPE. Method: The produced biochar was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of adsorption parameters, equilibrium isotherm modelling and parametric studies were conducted based on data from the batch adsorption experiments. Results: For both adsorbents, the removal efficiency was >99% over the domain of the entire investigation for dosage and contact time suggesting that they are very efficient for removing multiple heavy metals from aqueous media. It was observed that removal efficiency was optimal at 2 g/l dosage and contact time of 20 minutes for both adsorbent types. The Elovich isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic models were best-fit for the competitive adsorption process. Conclusion: The study was able to successfully reveal that biomass biochar from elephant grass and hybrid biochar from LDPE can be used as effective adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. This study bears a positive implication for environmental protection and solid waste management.

Kinetics and Equilibrium of Radioactive Metal Adsorption onto Sugarcane Bagasse Waste: Comparison of Batch and Column Adsorption Modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Abida Kausar ◽  
Haq Nawaz Bhatti ◽  
Munawar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Column Adsorption ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Bagasse Waste

Abstract Sugarcane bagasse waste biomass (SBWB) efficacy for the adsorption of Zr(IV) was investigated in batch and column modes. The process variables i.e. pH 1–4 (A), adsorbent dosage 0.0–0.3 g (B), and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration 25–200 mg/L (C) were studied. The experiments were run under central composite design (CCD) and data was analysed by response surface methodology (RSM) methodology. The factor A, B, C, AB interaction and square factor A2, C2 affected the Zr(IV) ions adsorption onto SBWB. The quadratic model fitted well to the adsorption data with high R2 values. The effect of bed height, flow rate and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration was also studied for column mode adsorption and efficiency was evaluated by breakthrough curves as well as Bed Depth Service and Thomas models. Bed height and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration enhanced the adsorption of capacity of Zr(IV) ions, whereas flow rate reduced the column efficiency.

scholarly journals FIXED-BED ADSORPTION OF AQUEOUS VANILLIN ONTO RESIN H103

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Rozaimi Abu Samah
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption

The main objective of this work was to design and model fixed bed adsorption column for the adsorption of vanillin from aqueous solution. Three parameters were evaluated for identifying the performance of vanillin adsorption in fixed-bed mode, which were bed height, vanillin initial concentration, and feed flow rate. The maximum adsorption capacity was increased more than threefold to 314.96 mg vanillin/g resin when the bed height was increased from 5 cm to 15 cm. Bohart-Adams model and Belter equation were used for designing fixed-bed column and predicting the performance of the adsorption process. A high value of determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9672 was obtained for the modelling of vanillin adsorption onto resin H103.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND COLUMN ADSORPTIVE TREATMENT FOR COD AND COLOR REMOVAL USING ACTIVATED NEEM LEAF POWDER FROM TEXTILE WASTEWATER

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Himanshu Patel ◽  
R. T. Vashi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorptive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Column Adsorption ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Wastewater Samples

The textile wastewater samples before treatment processes has been collected and characterized using standard methods, in which COD, color and other contaminations are high and prior to remove before discharge. Feasibility of column adsorption of components contributing COD and color onto activated Neem Leaf Powder using sulphuric acid (a-NLP) from textile wastewater has been studied in this investigation. The effect of process parameters like different flow rate, bed-height and pH for COD and color removal has been analyzed, in which adsorption reached saturation faster with increasing the flow rate and pH; while it was the advantage of column adsorption with the increase in the a-NLP bed. The data were applied to Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) and Adams and Bohart Model to evaluation of efficacy of the column. The maximum adsorption capacity related to Adams and Bohart model was found to be 725.7 and 380.4 mg/g for COD and color respectively at flow rate of 5 ml/min and bed height of 15 cm when a-NLP was used.

scholarly journals Cadmium(II) Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Microporous Eggshell: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Shamsi Zadeh ◽  
Hossein Esmaeili ◽  
Rauf Foroutan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Heavy metals are soluble in the environment and can be dangerous for many species. So, removal of heavy metals from the water and wastewater is an important process. In this study, an adsorbent made of eggshell powder was employed to remove cadmium ions from aqueous solution. A number of parameters were studied including pH of the aqueous solution, adsorbent dosage, contact time, the initial concentration of cadmium ion and mixing rate. The best efficiency for the removal of Cd(II) was obtained 96% using this adsorbent. The optimal parameters were ambient temperature of 30 °C, mixing rate of 200 rpm, pH of 9, an adsorbent dosage of 5 g/L and initial concentration of cadmium was 200 ppm. In order to study the kinetics of adsorbent, the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and intra-particle diffusion model were applied. According to the pre-determined correlation coefficients (R2), the pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed a better correlation between the kinetic behaviors of the adsorbent. Furthermore, to study the equilibrium behavior of adsorbent, Langmuir and Freundlich models used and both models showed high efficiency in isotherm behavior of the adsorbent. So, this adsorbent can be used as a natural and cheap adsorbent.

scholarly journals Comparative Study between Zn and Cu Nano Ferrite in Removal of Heavy Metals and Microorganisms from Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Azhar Jabbar Bohan ◽  
Ghaed Khalef Salman ◽  
Ghaidaa Majeed Jaid
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

The effect of Nano composite materials (CuFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4) was studied for removal of heavy metals (Cd (II) and Pb (II)) from wastewater by batch adsorption method and explain their effect on the antimicrobial effectiveness on gram positive and negative bacteria. Nano composite materials were characterized by XRD where the result indicates that the average crystallite sizes were around 36.19 nm for ZnFe2O4 and 12.22 nm for CuFe2O4.The effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and type of adsorbents was used to find the optimum condition for removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions .The equilibrium adsorption data was good fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the pseudo first-order kinetic model showed the excellent fit in adsorption equilibrium capacity. The best pH used for removal was 7. The good removal reaches at the time 45 min for cadmium and need more time for lead. When increasing dosage of adsorbents, the removal efficiency increases. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit experimental data. Also, antibacterial effects of this nano particles demonstrated the effect of CuFe2O4 NPs on bacteria more than used ZnFe2O4 NPs, and the percentage of bacterial death was increased according to increase the concentration of this materials.

scholarly journals Sheet-like Skeleton Carbon Derived from Shaddock Peels with Hierarchically Porous Structures for Ultra-Fast Removal of Methylene Blue

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2554
Author(s):  
Panlong Dong ◽  
Hailin Liu ◽  
Shengrui Xu ◽  
Changpo Chen ◽  
Suling Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Column Adsorption

To remove the pollutant methylene blue (MB) from water, a sheet-like skeleton carbon derived from shaddock peels (SPACs) was prepared by NaOH activation followed by a calcination procedure under nitrogen protection in this study. Characterization results demonstrated that the as-prepared SPACs displayed a hierarchically porous structure assembled with a thin sheet-like carbon layer, and the surface area of SPAC-8 (activated by 8 g NaOH) was up to 782.2 m2/g. The as-prepared carbon material presented an ultra-fast and efficient adsorption capacity towards MB due to its macro-mesoporous structure, high surface area, and abundant functional groups. SPAC-8 showed ultrafast and efficient removal capacity for MB dye. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 1 min with a removal efficiency of 99.6% at an initial concentration of 100 mg/g under batch adsorption model conditions. The maximum adsorption capacity for MB was up to 432.5 mg/g. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model and a Langmuir isotherm model described the adsorption process well, which suggested that adsorption rate depended on chemisorption and the adsorption process was controlled by a monolayer adsorption, respectively. Furthermore, column adsorption experiments showed that 96.58% of MB was removed after passing through a SPAC-8 packed column with a flow rate of 20 mL/min, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, and adsorbent dosage of 5 mg. The as-prepared adsorbent displays potential value in practical applications for dye removal due to its ultrafast and efficient adsorption capacity.

The Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution by Utilizing Modified β-Cyclodextrin Microspheres

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 632-638
Author(s):  
Feng Yu Li ◽  
Xiao Mei Sun ◽  
Bu Hai Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to remove heavy metals Cu(II)and Ni(II) by pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) grafted β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD). The effects concerning the pH of the solution, contact time and initial heavy metal concentration were studied and discussed. The adsorption values increased significantly after a large number of carboxyl groups were gragfted on the microspheres surface. In order to investigate the mechanism of sorption, adsorption data were modeled using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. It was found that kinetic studies showed good correlation coefficients for a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, confirming that the sorption rate was controlled by chemical adsorption. The equilibrium process was better described by the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. XPS analysis further confirmed that the carboxyl group which grafted on the surface of the β-CD microspheres play a very important role in the removal of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Black 5 from Aqueous Solution using Chitin Prepared from Shrimp Shells

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosne Ara Begum ◽  
Ajoy Kanti Mondal ◽  
Tanvir Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Shrimp Shells

The utilization of chitin as adsorbent for the removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) from aqueous solution was investigated. Chitin was prepared from shrimp shells using conventional method. Prepared chitin was characterized by FT-IR spectral and thermogravimetric analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of contact time, initial concentration of RB5 solution, temperature and pH of the solution. The amount of adsorption of RB5 from aqueous solution on chitin increased with the increase of initial concentration of RB5 solution and temperature of the solution. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freunlich isotherms. The best result was achieved with Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamics of reactive dye by chitin indicated its spontaneous and endothermic nature. The kinetic of the sorption was analysed using the pseudo firstorder and second-order kinetic models. The data showed that the pseudo second-order equation was the more appropriate. The experimental data showed that the adsorption capacity was gradually decreased with the increment of pH. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12580 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 145-152, 2012

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