Serosurvey of anti-treponema pallidum (syphilis), anti-hepatitis C virus and anti-HIV antibodies in homeless persons of São Paulo city, southeastern Brazil

Background There are limited studies on the prevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Objective Identify the prevalence and risk factors for HCV infection in university employees of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods Digital serological tests for anti-HCV have been performed in 3153 volunteers. For the application of digital testing was necessary to withdraw a drop of blood through a needlestick. The positive cases were performed for genotyping and RNA. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used, with P-value <0.05 indicating statistical significance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were also used. Results Prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.7%. The risk factors associated with HCV infection were: age >40 years, blood transfusion, injectable drugs, inhalable drugs (InDU), injectable Gluconergam®, glass syringes, tattoos, hemodialysis and sexual promiscuity. Age (P=0.01, OR 5.6, CI 1.4 to 22.8), InDU (P<0.0001, OR=96.8, CI 24.1 to 388.2), Gluconergam® (P=0.0009, OR=44.4, CI 4.7 to 412.7) and hemodialysis (P=0.0004, OR=90.1, CI 7.5 – 407.1) were independent predictors. Spatial analysis of the prevalence with socioeconomic indices, Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index by the geoprocessing technique showed no positive correlation. Conclusions The prevalence of HCV infection was 0.7%. The independent risk factors for HCV infection were age, InDU, Gluconergan® and hemodialysis. There was no spatial correlation of HCV prevalence with local economic factors.

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Serosurvey of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in homeless persons of São Paulo city, southeastern Brazil

10.21203/rs.2.22570/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laís Giuliani Felipetto ◽

Pedro Irineu Teider-Junior ◽

Felipe Fortino Verdan da Silva ◽

Ana Carolina Yamakawa ◽

Louise Bach Kmetiuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Homeless Persons ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

São Paulo ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay

Abstract Background: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii has been extensively studied in a variety of vulnerable populations. However, no study has focused on homeless populations. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies and the risk factors associated in homeless persons from homeless shelter of São Paulo city, southeastern Brazil. In addition, anti-HIV antibodies and associated risk of T. gondii and HIV coinfection have been evaluated.Methods: Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected by indirect fluorescent antibody test. In addition, anti-HIV levels were testedby chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, with positive samples confirmed by rapid immunoblot assay.Results: Overall, IgG anti-T. gondii seropositivity was found in 43/120 (35.8%) homeless persons, with endpoint titers varying from 16 to 1,024. The only two pregnant womentested were negative for IgM by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, with normal parturition and clinically healthy newborns in both cases. There were no statistical differences in the risk factors for anti-T. gondii serology (p>0.05). Anti-HIV seropositivity was found in 2/120 (1.7%) homeless persons, confirmed as HIV-1. One HIV seropositive individual was also sero-reactive to IgG anti-T.gondii, and both were negative to IgM anti-T. gondii.Conclusions: This is the first study that reports the serosurvey of T. gondii in homeless persons worldwide. Despite the limited sample size available in the present study, our findings have shown that the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in homeless persons herein was lower than the general population, probably due to homeless diet habit of eating mainly processed food intake. No statistical differences were found regarding risk factors for anti-T. gondii exposure in homeless persons.

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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in Brazil’s inmate population: a systematic review

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005886 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (0) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mariana Cavalheiro Magri ◽

Karim Yaqub Ibrahim ◽

Walkyria Pereira Pinto ◽

Francisco Oscar de Siqueira França ◽

Wanderley Marques Bernardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Methodological Quality ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽

Inmate Population ◽

Brazilian Studies

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Brazil’s inmate population. METHODS Systematic review on hepatitis C virus infection in the inmate population. Brazilian studies published from January 1, 1989 to February 20, 2014 were evaluated. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using a scale of 0 to 8 points. RESULTS Eleven eligible studies were analyzed and provided data on hepatitis C virus infection among 4,375 inmates from seven states of Brazil, with a mean quality classification of 7.4. The overall hepatitis C virus prevalence among Brazilian inmates was 13.6% (ranging from 1.0% to 41.0%, depending on the study). The chances of inmates being seropositive for hepatitis C virus in the states of Minas Gerais (MG), Sergipe (SE), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Goiás (GO) and Espirito Santo (ES) were 84.0% (95%CI 0.06;0.45), 92.0% (95%CI 0.04;0.13), 88.0% (95%CI 0.09;0.18), 74.0% (95%CI 0.16;0.42), 84.0% (95%CI 0.08;0.31) and 89.0% (95%CI 0.01;0.05) respectively, lower than that observed in the Sao Paulo state (seroprevalence of 29.3%). The four studies conducted in the city of Sao Paulo revealed a lower prevalence in more recent studies compared to older ones. CONCLUSIONS The highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Brazil’s inmate population was found in Sao Paulo, which may reflect the urban diversity of the country. Despite Brazilian studies having good methodological quality to evaluate the prevalence of the hepatitis C virus, they are scarce and lack data on risk factors associated with this infection, which could support decisions on prevention and implementation of public health policies for Brazilian prisons.

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Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/0037-8682-0054-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 295-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ricardo Santaella Rosa ◽

Ana de Lourdes Candolo Martinelli ◽

Afonso Dinis da Costa Passos

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Case Control ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Control Study ◽

Hepatitis C Virus Transmission

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Genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus in São Paulo, Brazil: Rare subtype found

Hepatology ◽

10.1002/hep.510290313 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 994-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Leda Bassit ◽

Gabriela Ribeiro-Dos-Santos ◽

Luiz C. Da Silva ◽

Kioko Takei ◽

Paula Villaça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

São Paulo

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Risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among prostitutes and their clients in the city of Santos, São Paulo State, Brazil

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199704)51:4<338::aid-jmv13>3.0.co;2-e ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 338-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Paulo Eduardo Mesquita ◽

Celso Francisco Hernandez Granato ◽

Adauto Castelo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

São Paulo ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State ◽

The City

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ANÁLISE DE CASOS DE COINFECÇÃO DE SÍFILIS E HIV

10.51161/rems/2208 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kauã Lopes Fernandes ◽

Gustavo Henrique Vieira Almeida ◽

Luiz Fernando Castro Fernandes ◽

Alcione De Oliveira Dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Treponema Pallidum ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

Introdução: A sífilis é uma Infecção Sexualmente Transmissível de evolução natural lenta que tem como seu agente etiológico a bactéria Treponema pallidum, sendo transmitido predominantemente através do contato sexual. Hodiernamente, observa-se que a coinfecção da sífilis com o HIV age de maneira sinérgica, aumentando assim, a taxa de transmissão do HIV e modifica o histórico natural da doença. Objetivo: Analisar os casos de sífilis e a coinfecção com o vírus HIV. Materiais e métodos: Neste estudo, foram usufruídos os métodos de leitura crítica, pesquisas bibliográficas e procuras epidemiológicas através de dados. As buscas foram realizadas através das principais bases de dados de artigos científicos, como: PubMed, SciELO, BDTD. Resultados: A seguinte pesquisa aponta que: No estado de São Paulo, foram constatados 648 casos de sífilis adquirida, entre as idades de 25 à 34 anos, sendo 98% do sexo masculino, onde 88% eram homossexuais e a 56,5% apresentavam prevalência de coinfecção com o HIV. Em outra pesquisa realizada em Porto Alegre, local onde se tem 2% de gestantes com a coinfecção, houve-se a participação de 1 500 gestantes HIV-positivas, de 2010 a 2013, onde 155 também eram infectadas por sífilis, correspondendo a uma taxa de coinfecção de 10,2%. Em relação à região centro-oeste, em Goiânia, no período de setembro de 2014 à agosto de 2015, foram recrutados 355 indivíduos em situação de rua, o qual eram testados positivos para os marcadores sorológicos para anti-HIV 1 e 2, e anti-Treponema pallidum, Das 355 amostras testadas para sífilis, 22,0% foram positivas, tendo uma prevalência de coinfecção HIV/sífilis de 0,6%. Conclusão: Portanto, observa-se que as pesquisas referentes a infecções aumentaram consequentes a elevação epidemiológica de infectados, visto que os jovens são os que menos tem acompanhamentos individuais relacionados ao uso de preservativos e de drogas injetáveis, acabando por perdurar com a doença. A coinfecção do HIV e sífilis acaba agindo para uma piora do quadro do paciente que as contrai, necessitando de um atendimento mais eficaz e cauteloso para pacientes que apresentam ambas as doenças.

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Serosurvey of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-HIV antibodies in homeless persons of southeastern Brazil

10.21203/rs.2.22570/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laís Giuliani Felipetto ◽

Pedro Irineu Teider-Junior ◽

Felipe Fortino Verdan da Silva ◽

Ana Carolina Yamakawa ◽

Louise Bach Kmetiuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Homeless Persons ◽

The Other ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Seropositivity ◽

Hiv Antibodies ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay

Abstract Background: Homeless persons have been described as one of the most vulnerable populations worldwide, with higher morbidity and mortality of diseases associated with HIV occurrence. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV has been extensively studied in other vulnerable populations, however, no study to date have focused on their concomitant seroprevalence in homeless persons. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the concomitant seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii and anti-HIV antibodies and associated risk factors in homeless persons in a daytime homeless shelter of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Methods: Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected by indirect fluorescent antibody test and anti-HIV levels by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, with positive samples confirmed by rapid immunoblot assay. Results: Overall, IgG anti-T. gondii seropositivity was found in 43/120 (35.8%) homeless persons, with endpoint titers varying from 16 to 1,024. The only two pregnant women tested were negative for IgM by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, with normal parturition and clinically healthy newborns in both cases. There were no statistical differences in the risk factors for anti-T. gondii serology (p>0.05). Anti- HIV seropositivity was found in 2/120 (1.7%) homeless persons, confirmed as HIV-1. One HIV seropositive individual was also sero-reactive to IgG anti-T. gondii, and both were negative to IgM anti-T. gondii. One HIV positive person was also diagnosed with syphilis, tuberculosis and body lice presence, while the other never returned for assistance. No evaluation of anti- HIV risk factors has been made due to the low seropositive rate. Conclusions: The anti-T. gondii prevalence herein was lower than other Brazilian populations, likely related to predominant intake of processed food such as ready-to-eat and fast-food meals, and thus, low ingestion of fresh salad and raw meat. On the other hand, the anti- HIV seropositivity was higher than the average of the general Brazilian population, with 0.4%. Despite the low prevalence of anti-T. gondii in homeless persons, clinical manifestations may be aggravated in HIV positive individuals. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study of anti-T. gondii serosurvey in homeless persons concomitantly assessed with anti-HIV seropositivity.

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