Serosurvey of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-HIV antibodies in homeless persons of southeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Giuliani Felipetto ◽  
Pedro Irineu Teider-Junior ◽  
Felipe Fortino Verdan da Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Yamakawa ◽  
Louise Bach Kmetiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Seropositivity ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay

Abstract Background: Homeless persons have been described as one of the most vulnerable populations worldwide, with higher morbidity and mortality of diseases associated with HIV occurrence. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV has been extensively studied in other vulnerable populations, however, no study to date have focused on their concomitant seroprevalence in homeless persons. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the concomitant seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii and anti-HIV antibodies and associated risk factors in homeless persons in a daytime homeless shelter of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Methods: Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected by indirect fluorescent antibody test and anti-HIV levels by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, with positive samples confirmed by rapid immunoblot assay. Results: Overall, IgG anti-T. gondii seropositivity was found in 43/120 (35.8%) homeless persons, with endpoint titers varying from 16 to 1,024. The only two pregnant women tested were negative for IgM by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, with normal parturition and clinically healthy newborns in both cases. There were no statistical differences in the risk factors for anti-T. gondii serology (p>0.05). Anti- HIV seropositivity was found in 2/120 (1.7%) homeless persons, confirmed as HIV-1. One HIV seropositive individual was also sero-reactive to IgG anti-T. gondii, and both were negative to IgM anti-T. gondii. One HIV positive person was also diagnosed with syphilis, tuberculosis and body lice presence, while the other never returned for assistance. No evaluation of anti- HIV risk factors has been made due to the low seropositive rate. Conclusions: The anti-T. gondii prevalence herein was lower than other Brazilian populations, likely related to predominant intake of processed food such as ready-to-eat and fast-food meals, and thus, low ingestion of fresh salad and raw meat. On the other hand, the anti- HIV seropositivity was higher than the average of the general Brazilian population, with 0.4%. Despite the low prevalence of anti-T. gondii in homeless persons, clinical manifestations may be aggravated in HIV positive individuals. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study of anti-T. gondii serosurvey in homeless persons concomitantly assessed with anti-HIV seropositivity.

scholarly journals Serosurvey of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in homeless persons of São Paulo city, southeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Giuliani Felipetto ◽  
Pedro Irineu Teider-Junior ◽  
Felipe Fortino Verdan da Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Yamakawa ◽  
Louise Bach Kmetiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay

Abstract Background: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii has been extensively studied in a variety of vulnerable populations. However, no study has focused on homeless populations. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies and the risk factors associated in homeless persons from homeless shelter of São Paulo city, southeastern Brazil. In addition, anti-HIV antibodies and associated risk of T. gondii and HIV coinfection have been evaluated.Methods: Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected by indirect fluorescent antibody test. In addition, anti-HIV levels were testedby chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, with positive samples confirmed by rapid immunoblot assay.Results: Overall, IgG anti-T. gondii seropositivity was found in 43/120 (35.8%) homeless persons, with endpoint titers varying from 16 to 1,024. The only two pregnant womentested were negative for IgM by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, with normal parturition and clinically healthy newborns in both cases. There were no statistical differences in the risk factors for anti-T. gondii serology (p>0.05). Anti-HIV seropositivity was found in 2/120 (1.7%) homeless persons, confirmed as HIV-1. One HIV seropositive individual was also sero-reactive to IgG anti-T.gondii, and both were negative to IgM anti-T. gondii.Conclusions: This is the first study that reports the serosurvey of T. gondii in homeless persons worldwide. Despite the limited sample size available in the present study, our findings have shown that the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in homeless persons herein was lower than the general population, probably due to homeless diet habit of eating mainly processed food intake. No statistical differences were found regarding risk factors for anti-T. gondii exposure in homeless persons.

scholarly journals Serosurvey of anti-treponema pallidum (syphilis), anti-hepatitis C virus and anti-HIV antibodies in homeless persons of São Paulo city, southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 101602
Author(s):  
Laís Giuliani Felipetto ◽  
Pedro Irineu Teider-Junior ◽  
Felipe Fortino Verdan da Silva ◽  
Anahi Chechia do Couto ◽  
Louise Bach Kmetiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Anti Hiv

scholarly journals To study the rate of HIV Sero-positivity in paediatric patients with high risk clinical profile

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2318
Author(s):  
Tarsem Singh ◽  
Navreet Kaur Natt ◽  
Sneh Prabha Goel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Chronic Diarrhoea ◽  
Hiv Seropositivity ◽  
Clinical Risk

Background: Understanding the magnitude and clinical profile of pediatric HIV is essential for the clinicians and policy makers. The study was aimed to determine the rate of HIV seropositivity in pediatric patients with high risk clinical profile, study the clinical presentations and the mode of transmission of HIV in children.Methods: This prospective hospital-based study to screen 244 children aged 18 months to 12 years with high risk clinical profile for HIV seropositivity was carried out for a period of 1 year.Results: Of the 244 children screened, the commonest clinical features associated with high risk profile were failure to thrive in 200 (81.97%), persistent fever in 151 (61.89%), chronic diarrhoea in 76 (31.15%), cough >1month 112 (45.90%) patients. HIV seropositivity was reported in 11/244 (4.51%) patients; with failure to thrive in 10/11 (90.90%), chronic diarrhoea in 09/11 (81.81%), seborrheic dermatitis in 2/11 (18.18%) patients followed by persistent cough, severe malnutrition, oral thrush, generalized lymphadenopathy and recurrent bacterial skin infections in 1 patient each out of 11(9.09%). Chronic diarrhoea was a significant independent clinical risk factor for predicting HIV seropositivity (Chi2 = 13.81, p<0.001, Odds ratio=11.15). The probability of HIV seropositivity increased significantly with the number of risk factors concomitantly present, with 30% seropositivity in those with four clinical risk factors (Chi2 =32.89, D. F=1, P<0.001). The parents of all seropositive children were seropositive.Conclusions: The probability of HIV infection in a child depends upon the nature and number of clinical manifestations present. All HIV positive children h HIV positive parents in this study indicating vertical transmission.

scholarly journals Serosurvey of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Homeless Persons of São Paulo City, Southeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Giuliani Felipetto ◽  
Pedro Irineu Teider-Junior ◽  
Felipe Fortino Verdan da Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Yamakawa ◽  
Louise Bach Kmetiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo

Risk factors for severe disease due to Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-positive patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Stellbrink ◽  
R. F�hrer-Burow ◽  
A. Raedler ◽  
H. Albrecht ◽  
S. Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Hiv Positive

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
V V Pokrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In 2015, the infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV infection) dominated among life-threatening infections in Russians: it was first diagnosed in 98,177 Russians and 15,530 citizens of the Russian Federation died from HIV/AIDS, amounting to 45% of all deaths from infectious diseases in Russia. By the mid-2016, there were a total of 1,062,476 identified HIV-positive Russians, of whom 225,992 people died. The estimated number of HIV-infected patients in Russia approximated to 1% of the population, the highest prevalence of HIV being found in the age group of 30—40 years. The most active and expensive measures against HIV/AIDS in Russia are to examine the population for anti-HIV antibodies (29 million screenings per year) and to use in HIV-positive people antiretroviral therapy that was free of charge to more than 200,000 patients, i.e. nearly 25% of the registered Russians living with the HIV-infected. However, treatment coverage and quality are far from the target indicators that the international experts consider needed to reduce HIV prevalence and mortality. A wider program on HIV/AIDS, which includes a number of preventive measures with proven efficiency, as well as a program of promising researches and developments should be introduced in Russia.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Teny M. John ◽  
Ceena N. Jacob ◽  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Diagnostic Certainty ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Perfect Storm

Mucormycosis (MCR) has been increasingly described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the epidemiological factors, presentation, diagnostic certainty, and outcome of such patients are not well described. We review the published COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAMCR) cases (total 41) to identify risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes. CAMCR was typically seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (94%) especially the ones with poorly controlled DM (67%) and severe or critical COVID-19 (95%). Its presentation was typical of MCR seen in diabetic patients (mostly rhino-orbital and rhino-orbital-cerebral presentation). In sharp contrast to reported COVID-associated aspergillosis (CAPA) cases, nearly all CAMCR infections were proven (93%). Treating physicians should have a high suspicion for CAMCR in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and severe COVID-19 presenting with rhino-orbital or rhino-cerebral syndromes. CAMR is the convergence of two storms, one of DM and the other of COVID-19.

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