Radiation-induced damage in the lower gastrointestinal tract: Clinical presentation, diagnostic tests and treatment options

2020 ◽  
Vol 48-49 ◽  
pp. 101707
Author(s):  
Isis K. Araujo ◽  
Diego Muñoz-Guglielmetti ◽  
Meritxell Mollà
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Radiation Induced

X-linked Retinoschisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 222-228
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is a degenerative retinal disease, often affecting men, characterized by progressive dissociation in the inner layers of the retina with negative electroretinography (ERG). In this review, the clinical presentation of the disease, diagnostic tests, the pathophysiology of the disease, treatment options to date, and possible treatment alternatives in the future are aimed to be examined.

Gastroentological Investigations

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Ramsay ◽  
John Clancy ◽  
Andrew McVicar
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

In this fourth article in the Concepts in Anatomy series, Anne-Marie Ramsay joins John Clancy and Andrew McVicar in examining the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and identifies some common homeostatic imbalances. Diagnostic tests for detecting abnormalities are described, highlighting the importance of the nurse's role in caring for the patient throughout these procedures. This series is based on Physiology and Anatomy, a homeostatic approach, 2nd ed, John Clancy and Andrew McVicar (eds), Edward Arnold, London, 1995, currently in print.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine tumors of gastrointestinal tract: The paradigm that lasts

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Milos Bjelovic ◽  
Tamara Babic
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Subcellular Level

Historically, the tumors that were morphologically different and clinically less agressive than the more common gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas were clasified under carcinoid tumors. However, the development of molecular biology tehniques revealed the heterogeneity of these tumors on cellular and subcellular level and ther different biological behaviour. Neuroendocrine tumors of gastrointestinal tract originated from neuroendocrine cells scaterred across the gastrointestinal mucosa. As a result these tumors were capable of secreting many different neurotransmiters, which may or may not be biologically active. The incidence of gastrointestinal NETs has been incresing over the last 2 to 3 decades. Patients often presented with vague, nonspecific symptoms which resulted in delayed diagnosis and adequate treatment. In this article, we discuss the nature of gastrointestinal NETs, clinical presentation, treatment options and prognosis.

scholarly journals Histopathological study of lower gastrointestinal tract lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Dr. Vibhaben Kantilal Patel ◽  
◽  
Dr. Anjali Deepak Goyal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
And Gender

Background: The benign lesions of the lower gastrointestinal tract are responsible for a largenumber of morbidities. The microscopic examination of and determination of histological types ofmalignant lesions help to decide treatment options and to predict prognosis. The histopathologicalstudy is the Gold standard for the diagnosis of intestinal lesions. Aims and Objectives: To studythe prevalence of various lower gastrointestinal tract lesions site-wise, age-wise and gender-wiseand to compare the obtained results with other studies. Materials and methodology: Aretrospective study of 600 various lower gastrointestinal tract lesions sent for histopathologicalexamination at Pathology department of tertiary care centre, VS General Hospital, Ahmedabad iscarried out. Results: Among all the 600 cases, non-neoplastic lesions 572 (95.34%) are far morecommon than neoplastic lesions 28 (4.66%). Conclusion: Non-neoplastic lesions are common in thesmall intestine, while the large intestine harbors most malignant lesions.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens – an uncommon but alarming manifestation of deep vein thrombosis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-426
Author(s):  
Manuela Nickler ◽  
Sebastian Haubitz ◽  
Adriana Méndez ◽  
Martin Gissler ◽  
Peter Stierli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Venous Intervention ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Prompt Treatment ◽  
Surgical Thrombectomy ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens

Summary: In phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD), immediate diagnosis and prompt treatment is crucial for limb salvage. Aggressive treatment options including venous intervention, thrombolysis and/or surgical thrombectomy should be considered. Due to the lack of data, the most appropriate intervention depends upon etiology of PCD, clinical presentation and patient’s bleeding risk.

scholarly journals Investigation of Changes in Saliva in Radiotherapy-Induced Head Neck Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Christina Winter ◽  
Roman Keimel ◽  
Markus Gugatschka ◽  
Dagmar Kolb ◽  
Gerd Leitinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Head Neck Cancer ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Unstimulated Whole Saliva

The intact function of the salivary glands is of utmost importance for oral health. During radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors, the salivary glands can be damaged, causing the composition of saliva to change. This leads to xerostomia, which is a primary contributor to oral mucositis. Medications used for protective or palliative treatment often show poor efficacy as radiation-induced changes in the physico-chemical properties of saliva are not well understood. To improve treatment options, this study aimed to carefully examine unstimulated whole saliva of patients receiving radiation therapy and compare it with healthy unstimulated whole saliva. To this end, the pH, osmolality, electrical conductivity, buffer capacity, the whole protein and mucin concentrations, and the viscoelastic and adhesive properties were investigated. Moreover, hyaluronic acid was examined as a potential candidate for a saliva replacement fluid. The results showed that the pH of radiation-induced saliva shifted from neutral to acidic, the osmolality increased and the viscoelastic properties changed due to a disruption of the mucin network and a change in water secretion from the salivary glands. By adopting an aqueous 0.25% hyaluronic acid formulation regarding the lost properties, similar adhesion characteristics as in healthy, unstimulated saliva could be achieved.

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