CCL3/MIP-1α is not involved in the LPS-induced fever and its pyrogenic activity depends on CRF

2009 ◽  
Vol 1269 ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Melo Soares ◽  
Maria José Figueiredo ◽  
Juliano Manvailer Martins ◽  
Renes Resende Machado ◽  
Alexandre Kanashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrogenic Activity

Muramyl-dipeptide analogues: Synthesis and biological activities

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 2897-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ježek ◽  
Milan Zaoral ◽  
Miloš Buděšínský ◽  
Jiří Günther ◽  
Jiří Rotta
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Muramyl Dipeptide ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Test Compound ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Dipeptide Analogues ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

In the search for immunoadjuvant active compounds without pyrogenic activity we prepared N-Ac-norMur-L-Abu-D-Gln-O-Bu (V), N-Ac-Mur-L-Abu-D-Gln-O-Bu (VII) and their respective α-benzylglycosides VI and VIII. All the prepared compounds are nonpyrogenic. In the delayed hypersensitivity test, compound V is inactive, VI is comparable to MDP, VII is more and VIII is less active than MDP.

scholarly journals Pyrogenic activity of air to characterize bioaerosol exposure in public buildings: a pilot study

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bernasconi ◽  
M. Rodolfi ◽  
A.M. Picco ◽  
P. Grisoli ◽  
C. Dacarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Bioaerosol Exposure ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

scholarly journals Blood-borne, albumin-bound prostaglandin E2 may be involved in fever

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. R1840-R1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej A. Romanovsky ◽  
Andrei I. Ivanov ◽  
Elena K. Karman
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Free Ligand ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

Although the involvement of blood-borne PGE2 in fever has been hypothesized by several authors and has substantial experimental support, the current literature often rejects this hypothesis because several attempts to induce fever by a peripheral PGE2 failed. However, it is usually ignored that the amphipathic molecules of PGE2 are readily self-associating and that such an aggregation could have prevented the peripherally administered PGE2 (free form) from expressing its pyrogenic activity, thus leading to false negative results. To ensure disaggregation of PGE2, we prepared its complex within a carrier protein, human serum albumin (HSA). HSA was purified with activated charcoal and polymixin B-polyacrylamide gel and incubated with PGE2 for 1 h at 37°C. Adult Chinchilla rabbits were injected intravenously with PGE2-HSA complex in either the higher (75 μg/kg PGE2:30 mg/kg HSA) or the lower (15 μg/kg:6 mg/kg) dose, and the rectal temperature (Tr) was measured. In the controls, either the ligand alone or the carrier alone was administered. At the higher dose, neither free PGE2 nor albumin alone was pyrogenic, whereas the PGE2-HSA complex produced a fever characterized by a short latency (<10 min) and a maximal Tr rise of 0.7 ± 0.2°C. At the lower dose, none of the substances affected the Tr. This study demonstrates a marked pyrogenic activity of the intravenous PGE2-HSA, but not of the free PGE2. Administration of a preformed complex may be more physiologically relevant than administration of the free ligand because of the ligand’s disaggregation, protection from enzymatic degradation, and facilitated delivery to targets. Our study supports the hypothesis that peripheral PGE2 is involved in fever genesis.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF ENDOGENOUS PYROGEN PRODUCTION

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Bodel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Temperature Elevation ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Endogenous Pyrogen ◽  
Inhibitor Of Protein Synthesis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

The characteristics of pyrogen production and release by human blood monocytes were investigated. A dose-response assay of monocyte pyrogen in rabbits indicated a linear relationship of temperature elevation to dose of pyrogen at lower doses. Monocytes did not contain pyrogen when first obtained, nor did they release it spontaneously even after 5 days of incubation in vitro. Pyrogen production was apparent 4 h after stimulation by endotoxin or phagocytosis, and continued for 24 h or more. Puromycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, prevented both initiation and continuation of pyrogen production and release. Pyrogen-containing supernates retained most pyrogenic activity during overnight incubation even in the presence of activated cells. Lymphocytes appeared to play no role in either initiation or continuation of pyrogen production in these studies.

scholarly journals Sleep-promoting effects of endogenous pyrogen (interleukin-1)

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. R994-R999 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Krueger ◽  
J. Walter ◽  
C. A. Dinarello ◽  
S. M. Wolff ◽  
L. Chedid
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Cerebral Ventricles ◽  
Endogenous Pyrogen ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

When infused into the lateral cerebral ventricles of rabbits, human endogenous pyrogen (EP) preparations induced dose-dependent increases in slow-wave sleep concomitant with increasing body temperature. Heating EP to 70 degrees C destroyed its sleep-promoting and pyrogenic activity. Anisomycin (an antipyretic) prevented EP from increasing body temperature without affecting its sleep-promoting activity. Intravenous injection of EP induced fever and transient increases in slow-wave sleep but failed to induce prolonged increases in slow-wave sleep. We conclude that the somnogenic activity of EP is not secondary to its pyrogenic activity.

Dissociation between muramyl dipeptide-induced fever and changes in plasma metal levels

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (4) ◽  
pp. C572-C577 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Riveau ◽  
M. Parant ◽  
C. Damais ◽  
F. Parant ◽  
L. Chedid
Keyword(s):  
Muramyl Dipeptide ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Endogenous Pyrogen ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Fever Response ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

A fall in plasma iron level and an increase in copper level were observed in rabbits subsequent with the febrile response induced by an intravenous administration of muramyl dipeptide, AcMur-L-Ala-D-isoGln (MDP). The pyrogenic activity of MDP was due partly to the induction of circulating endogenous pyrogen (EP). EP produced in vitro by activated macrophages also elicited changes in iron and copper levels in rabbits. Nonpyrogenic MDP derivatives murabutide [MDP(Gln)-OnBu] and the stereoisomer of MDP [MDP(D,D)] did not cause any change in blood metal levels. Another adjuvant and nonpyrogenic analogue, murametide [MDP(Gln)-OMe], elicited hypoferremia and hypercupremia. Murametide, which has been previously shown to induce secretion of circulating EP but prevents in vivo fever response, was unable to prevent an EP-induced effect on plasma metal concentrations. Injection of supernatant fluids of macrophages incubated with these different glycopeptides showed that only compounds able to induce EP release were capable of evoking hypoferremia and hypercupremia. The EP-containing fluid was 10-fold more active on change in temperature and in plasma metal levels when it was given intracerebroventricularly compared with intravenously. In contrast, a pyrogenic dose of MDP that can act directly on the central thermoregulatory structures did not modify iron and copper levels when it was injected intracerebroventricularly.

Somnogenic and pyrogenic activity of TNFα, TNFβ and fragments of TNFα

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
L. Kapás ◽  
A.B. Cady ◽  
M.R. Opp ◽  
A.E. Postlethwaite ◽  
J.M. Seyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrogenic Activity

scholarly journals DEMONSTRATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO DISTINCT HUMAN LEUKOCYTIC PYROGENS

1974 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Dinarello ◽  
Nathan P. Goldin ◽  
Sheldon M. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Human White Blood Cells ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

Human monocytes and neutrophils were separated from buffy coats of blood obtained from normal donors. Following incubation with heat-killed staphylococci, monocyte preparations contained 20 times more pyrogenic activity in the supernatant media than did supernates from an equal number of neutrophils. During purification of these pyrogens it was discovered that these cell preparations each produced a distinct and different pyrogen. The pyrogen obtained from neutrophils had a mol wt of 15,000 following Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, an isoelectric point of 6.9, and could be precipitated and recovered from 50% ethanol at –10°C. In contrast, the pyrogen derived from monocyte preparations had a mol wt of 38,000, an isoelectric point of 5.1, and was destroyed in cold ethanol. Both molecules were unaffected by viral neuraminidase but biologically destroyed at 80°C for 20 min and with trypsin at pH 8.0. The febrile peak produced by partially purified neutrophil pyrogen occurred at 40 min while that from monocytes was at 60 min. In addition, monocyte pyrogen produced more sustained fevers for the same peak elevation as neutrophil pyrogen. These studies demonstrate for the first time two chemically and biologically distinctive pyrogens derived from circulating human white blood cells and have important implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of fever in man.

scholarly journals Muramyl peptides. Variation of somnogenic activity with structure.

1984 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Krueger ◽  
J Walter ◽  
M L Karnovsky ◽  
L Chedid ◽  
J P Choay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Muramyl Dipeptide ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Structural Requirements ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Muramyl Peptide ◽  
S Factor ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

Sleep-promoting activities of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (NAc-Mur-L-ala-D-isogln) and the naturally occurring muramyl peptide(s), factor S, have recently been demonstrated. We now have amplified our understanding of structural requirements for somnogenic activity. The effects of several analogs of MDP on rabbit slow-wave sleep are presented and these results are compared to the dose-response relationship for MDP. Some tentative conclusions as to structural requirements for somnogenic activity are presented; most notably, amidation of the free gamma-carboxyl of MDP and several of its analogs resulted in the loss of somnogenic activity. MDP also can induce febrile and immunostimulatory responses. In the present paper, we show that some analogs possess immunostimulatory and pyrogenic activity but not somnogenic activity, thus suggesting that these biological activities of muramyl peptides may, in part, be mediated by separate mechanisms.

STANDARDS OF PYROGENIC ACTIVITY

1954 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. M. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Pyrogenic Activity
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