The role of the lecithin addition in the properties and cytotoxic activity of chitosan and chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles containing curcumin

Autoimmune diseases recognize a multifactorial pathogenesis, although the exact mechanism responsible for their onset remains to be fully elucidated. Over the past few years, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in shaping immune responses has been highlighted even though their involvement is profoundly linked to the subpopulation involved and to the site where such interaction takes place. The aberrant number and functionality of NK cells have been reported in several different autoimmune disorders. In the present review, we report the most recent findings regarding the involvement of NK cells in both systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. In T1D, innate inflammation induces NK cell activation, disrupting the Treg function. In addition, certain genetic variants identified as risk factors for T1D influenced the activation of NK cells promoting their cytotoxic activity. The role of NK cells has also been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of PBC mediating direct or indirect biliary epithelial cell destruction. NK cell frequency and number were enhanced in both the peripheral blood and the liver of patients and associated with increased NK cell cytotoxic activity and perforin expression levels. NK cells were also involved in the perpetuation of disease through autoreactive CD4 T cell activation in the presence of antigen-presenting cells. In systemic sclerosis (SSc), in addition to phenotypic abnormalities, patients presented a reduction in CD56hi NK-cells. Moreover, NK cells presented a deficient killing activity. The influence of the activating and inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) has been investigated in SSc and SLE susceptibility. Furthermore, autoantibodies to KIRs have been identified in different systemic autoimmune conditions. Because of its role in modulating the immune-mediated pathology, NK subpopulation could represent a potential marker for disease activity and target for therapeutic intervention.

Download Full-text

Role of Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) Modification in the Regulation of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Z (PTPRZ) Activity

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.m116.742536 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 291 (35) ◽

pp. 18117-18128 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Kazuya Kuboyama ◽

Akihiro Fujikawa ◽

Ryoko Suzuki ◽

Naomi Tanga ◽

Masaharu Noda

Keyword(s):

Chondroitin Sulfate ◽

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Receptor Type ◽

Protein Tyrosine

Download Full-text

Preclinical efficacy study of a porous biopolymeric scaffold based on(gelatin-hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate) in a porcine burn injury model: Role of critical molecular markers (VEGFA, N-Cadherin, COX-2), gamma sterilization efficacy and a comparison of healing potential to Integra™

Biomedical Materials ◽

10.1088/1748-605x/ac1d3e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amit Khurana ◽

Anil Kumar Banothu ◽

Thanusha Av ◽

Aradhana Nayal ◽

Amit Kumar Dinda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Chondroitin Sulfate ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Efficacy Study ◽

Injury Model ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Preclinical Efficacy

Download Full-text

Changes in collagen ultrastructure, macroscopic properties and chemical composition of chick embryo cartilage induced by administration of a β-D-xyloside

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.53.1.179 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 179-202

Author(s):

J. T. Hjelle ◽

K. D. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Chondroitin Sulfate ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Interstitial Space ◽

Collagen Fibrils ◽

Embryonic Cartilage ◽

Almost All

Nine-day chick embryos were injected with a β-xyloside and their sternal cartilage was examined 3 days and a week later. Sterna from 16-day embryos showed a reduction in size as compared to controls, with little or no change in the fraction of extracellular space, and a significant decrease in tensile strength. At the ultrastructural level, collagen fibrils in control sterna were dispersed evenly in the interstitial space, with few contacts between adjacent fibrils. In sterna from treated embryos, almost all collagen fibrils were aggregated into clumps and arrays throughout the interstitial space, with fibril-free areas in between. No abnormalities could be detected in the morphology of individual fibrils or in the ultrastructure of the chondrocytes. The changes in spatial distribution of collagen were fully evident 3 days after drug administration. The hydroxyproline/DNA ratio was the same in control and treated sterna, and no changewas observed in the type of collagen. The uronic acid/DNA ratio was reduced by 14% 3 days after drug administration and by 40% after a week. The degree of sulfation of chondroitin sulfate was reduced from 80% in control sterna to 40% in treated sterna; almost allof this chondroitin sulfate was attached to peptide and the sedimentation pattern of the proteoglycan resembled that of normal cartilage proteoglycan. The function of chondroitin sulfate in embryonic cartilage is discussed in terms of our results and others. It is suggested that a major physiological role of the proteoglycan is to control the spatial distribution of collagen fibrils as they assemble to form a cross-linked gel.

Download Full-text

The role of the chondroitin sulfate synthase-1 gene in the immune response of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata

Fisheries Science ◽

10.1007/s12562-020-01420-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 487-494

Author(s):

Hua Zhang ◽

Xuejie Yi ◽

Yunyan Guan ◽

Yu Shi ◽

Zekui Ou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Chondroitin Sulfate ◽

Pearl Oyster ◽

Pinctada Fucata

Download Full-text

Role of Hyaluronidases in the Catabolism of Chondroitin Sulfate

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Biochemical Roles of Eukaryotic Cell Surface Macromolecules ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_12 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 185-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shuhei Yamada

Keyword(s):

Chondroitin Sulfate

Download Full-text

Nitric oxide production in murine spleen cells: role of interferons and prostaglandin E2in the generation of cytotoxic activity

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/s0962935196000117 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 62-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dominique Vaillier ◽

Richard Daculsi ◽

Norbert Gualdel

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Minor Role ◽

No Production ◽

Spleen Cells ◽

Kinase C ◽

Murine Spleen ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

A Minor

The production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured in cultures of spleen cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-2 or LPS + IL-2. We observed that NO synthesis is increased by IFN-γ but inhibited by IFN-α/β. This is not the case when IL-2 is present in the cultures, since interferons play a minor role in the regulation of the NO production. When IL-2 and LPS were associated in the cultures, the IFN-α/β role seems more important than that of IFN-γ. PGE2inhibits NO production in LPS supplemented cultures but has a slight effect in the presence of IL-2 and no effect with IL-2 + LPS. 3-isoButyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), an inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, induces a decrease of IFN production. In the presence of H-7, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), NO production is reduced when the cultures are supplemented by LPS or IL-2 but not when IL-2 and LPS are both added. H-7 also reduced IFN production. In the presence of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (N-MMA), an inhibitor of NO synthesis, IFN production was increased, with no change in the cytotoxic activity. Hence, interferons regulate NO production by mouse spleen cells and, in return, NO modulates the generation of IFN.

Download Full-text