scholarly journals Geochemical indices as efficient tools for assessing the soil weathering status in relation to soil taxonomic classes

CATENA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 105716
Author(s):  
Ahmad Heidari ◽  
Maryam Osat ◽  
Maria Konyushkova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Geochemical Indices

scholarly journals Causes of variations of trace and rare earth elements concentration in lakes bottom sediments in the Bory Tucholskie National Park, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Sojka ◽  
Adam Choiński ◽  
Mariusz Ptak ◽  
Marcin Siepak
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
National Park ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Geochemical Indices

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyse spatial variability of the trace elements (TEs) and rare earth elements (REEs) concentration in lake bottom sediments in Bory Tucholskie National Park (BTNP); Poland. The following research questions were posed: which factors have a fundamental impact on the concentration and spatial variability of elements in bottom sediments, which of the elements can be considered as indicators of natural processes and which are related to anthropogenic sources. The research material was sediments samples collected from 19 lakes. The concentrations of 24 TEs and 14 REEs were determined. The analyses were carried out using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QQQ). Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine the spatial variability of the TEs and REEs concentrations, indicate the elements that are the indicators of natural processes and identify potential anthropogenic sources of pollution. The geochemical background value (GBV) calculations were made using 13 different statistical methods. However, the contamination of bottom sediments was evaluated by means of the index of geo-accumulation, the enrichment factor, the pollution load index, and the metal pollution index. The BTNP area is unique because of its isolation from the inflow of pollutants from anthropogenic sources and a very stable land use structure over the last 200 years. This study shows high variability of TE and REE concentrations in lake sediments. The values of geochemical indices suggest low pollution of lakes bottom sediments. It was found that TEs originated mainly from geogenic sources. However, the concentrations of Li, Ni, Sc, Se, Be, Se, Ag, Re, Tl, Cd, Sb and U may be related to the impact of point sources found mainly in the Ostrowite Lake. Almost all REEs concentrations were strongly correlated and their presence was linked to with geochemical processes. The elements allowing to identify natural processes and anthropogenic pollution sources were Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, Cd, Zn, Bi, Re, Ba, Al and Rb in TEs group and Nd, Gd, Yb, Lu, Eu, Dy and Ce in REEs group. The analysis shows high spatial variability of TE and REE concentrations in lake sediments. The values of geochemical indices point to low pollution of lakes sediments. The anthropogenic sources only for two lakes had an impact on concentrations of selected TEs and REEs. The analyses allowed to identify elements among TEs and REEs documenting geochemical processes and those indicating anthropogenic sources of pollution.

Evaluating the effect of historical development on urban soils using microartifacts and geochemical indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Konstantinova ◽  
Andrey Novoselov ◽  
Alexandr Konstantinov ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Svetlana Sushkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Geochemical Indices

Soil weathering behavior assessed by combined spectral ranges: Insights into aggregate analysis

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 115154
Author(s):  
Clécia Cristina Barbosa Guimarães ◽  
José A. M. Demattê ◽  
Antônio Carlos de Azevedo ◽  
Ricardo Simão Diniz Dalmolin ◽  
Alexandre ten Caten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Aggregate Analysis ◽  
Spectral Ranges

The influence and importance of daily weather conditions in the supply of chloride, sulphate and other ions to fresh waters from atmospheric precipitation

1958 ◽  
Vol 244 (1236) ◽  
pp. 140-140
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Lake District ◽  
The South ◽  
Soil Weathering

This paper deals with chemical analyses for hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, sulphate and nitrate ions in daily precipitation samples collected in the English Lake District, and examines the correlations of these analyses with ( a ) one another, ( b ) the amount of precipitation, ( c ) wind direction, ( d ) wind velocity, and ( e ) temperature. Highly significant correlations are found between estimates for H, K, Ca, NO 3 and SO 4 ions, and atmospheric pollution appears to supply much of the sulphate in Lake District rain, since it comes largely as sulphuric acid from the south-east. The correlation between Na and Cl is also extremely close, with the proportion between the two ions very similar to that in sea water. Since these two ions are supplied mainly from the south-west, in amounts which are greatly increased by high winds, sea spray may be inferred as the principal source. Nevertheless, evidence is presented for some small supply from atmospheric pollution, and it is furthermore suggested that mixed droplets of sea salt and sulphuric acid may, upon abstraction of moisture by freezing or evaporation, release gaseous hydrogen chloride to the air and so alter the balance of Na and Cl in precipitation. The supply of Na and Cl is also considerably higher in cold than in warm weather, a phenomenon possibly connected with stormier conditions and greater evaporation over the Atlantic Ocean. The atmospheric contribution of ions to natural waters via precipitation is shown to be of great importance, in particular to bog pools, to upland tarns on hard rocks, and to the soil solution in highly organic mor humus layers overlying heavily leached hillside soils. Sodium and chloride in most surface waters appears to be almost wholly supplied by sea spray, while calcium and magnesium bicarbonates are the main products of soil weathering. A net loss of rain acids is evident in all soil waters, although some may be more acid than normal rain water owing to considerable concentration by evaporation. The soil waters are relatively rich in potassium, presumably supplied from decaying vegetation.

Calcium oxalate accumulation and soil weathering in mats of the hypogeous fungus Hysterangium crassum

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kermit Cromack ◽  
Phillip Sollins ◽  
William C. Graustein ◽  
Karen Speidel ◽  
Allen W. Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Hypogeous Fungus

scholarly journals Pollution indices and biotests as useful tools for the evaluation of the degree of soil contamination by trace elements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Wieczorek ◽  
Agnieszka Baran
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Soil Ecotoxicity ◽  
Geochemical Indices

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was the calculation of geochemical, ecological, and ecotoxicological indices for the assessment of risk resulting from the presence of trace metals in soil. Methods Around 320 soil points were determined for the tests by the regular square-grid method with a square side equal to 7.5 km. A total of 11 indices were used, including 6 geochemical indices, 1 index assessing potential ecological risk, and 4 indices assessing soil ecotoxicity. Results Two groups of elements were distinguished. The first one included Ni, Cr, and Cu. The calculated geochemical indices generally indicated their natural content and low degree of soil contamination with them and that the elements’ sources were connected with natural processes. The second group included Cd, Pb, and Zn. These elements occur in high concentrations in the studied area, which is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. However, contamination with these elements is heterogeneous in the Małopolska and generally observed in its northwestern part. PCA showed that Cd and Pb had the greatest effect on the degree of soil contamination and pose the greatest potential threat to the soil environment. Heterocypris incongruens proved to be a more sensitive indicator of soil ecotoxicity compared to plant tests. The potential ecological risk index and biotests indicated that most of the soil samples had low potential ecological risk and low ecotoxicity. Conclusion The key to the effective assessment of soil contamination with trace elements is the combined use of geochemical, ecological, and ecotoxicological indices, which allows comprehensive monitoring of soil quality.

scholarly journals Global whole-rock geochemical database compilation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gard ◽  
Derrick Hasterok ◽  
Jacqueline Halpin
Keyword(s):  
Database Management ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Geochemical Indices

Abstract. Dissemination and collation of geochemical data are critical to promote rapid, creative and accurate research and place new results in an appropriate global context. To this end, we have assembled a global whole-rock geochemical database, with other associated sample information and properties, sourced from various existing databases and supplemented with numerous individual publications and corrections. Currently the database stands at 1,023,490 samples with varying amounts of associated information including major and trace element concentrations, isotopic ratios, and location data. The distribution both spatially and temporally is quite heterogeneous, however temporal distributions are enhanced over some previous database compilations, particularly in terms of ages older than ~ 1000 Ma. Also included are a wide range of computed geochemical indices, physical property estimates and naming schema on a major element normalized version of the geochemical data for quick reference. This compilation will be useful for geochemical studies requiring extensive data sets, in particular those wishing to investigate secular temporal trends. The addition of physical properties, estimated by sample chemistry, represents a unique contribution to otherwise similar geochemical databases. The data is published in .csv format for the purposes of simple distribution but exists in a format acceptable for database management systems (e.g. SQL). One can either manipulate this data using conventional analysis tools such as MATLAB®, Microsoft® Excel, or R, or upload to a relational database management system for easy querying and management of the data as unique keys already exist. This data set will continue to grow, and we encourage readers to contact us or other database compilations contained within about any data that is yet to be included. The data files described in this paper are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2592823 (Gard et al., 2019).

scholarly journals Correlative Microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Mitchell ◽  
Peter Davies ◽  
Paul Kenrick ◽  
Tobias Volkenandt ◽  
Cameron Pleydell-Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Soil Weathering

scholarly journals Karakteristik Tanah Longsor di Daerah Aliran Sungai Tangka

2018 ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Arsyad ◽  
Roland Alexander Barkey ◽  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Karla Kembongallo Matandung
Keyword(s):  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Landslide Slope ◽  
Steep Slopes

Landslides occur as a result of ground movement on steep slopes, and the high humidity (moisture), and the sparse vegetation (open land). The Local conditions is an interrelated components. The process of landslides can be explained that the water soak into the soil will add weight to the ground. If the water penetrates the soil acts as a watertight sliding plane, the ground becomes slippery and soil weathering on it will move to follow the slope. This study aims to determine the type of landslide, landslide characteristics and landslides causing factors. This research was conducted in September 2015 in Watershed Tangka. The study consisted of three stages, namely the determination of the coordinates of the location of the landslide, landslide determining the location of the sample, the determination of the type of landslide, slope measurements, measurements of the dimensions of landslide and infiltration. Research results obtained are the coordinates of the location of as many as 17 points landslide, landslide types of translation and rotation, land cover and soil texture. There is no difference in the type of soil, infiltration rate, vegetation, geologi, slope and rainfall in both types of landslide are found. 

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