Working principle and application of photocatalytic optical fibers for the degradation and conversion of gaseous pollutants

AbstractThis paper presents the performance analysis of the system for real-time reconstruction of the shape of the rigid medical needle used for minimally invasive surgeries. The system is based on four optical fibers glued along the needle at 90 degrees from each other to measure distributed strain along the needle from four different sides. The distributed measurement is achieved by the interrogator which detects the light scattered from each section of the fiber connected to it and calculates the strain exposed to the fiber from the spectral shift of that backscattered light. This working principle has a limitation of discriminating only a single fiber because of the overlap of backscattering light from several fibers. In order to use four sensing fibers, the Scattering-Level Multiplexing (SLMux) methodology is applied. SLMux is based on fibers with different scattering levels: standard single-mode fibers (SMF) and MgO-nanoparticles doped fibers with a 35–40 dB higher scattering power. Doped fibers are used as sensing fibers and SMFs are used to spatially separate one sensing fiber from another by selecting appropriate lengths of SMFs. The system with four fibers allows obtaining two pairs of opposite fibers used to reconstruct the needle shape along two perpendicular axes. The performance analysis is conducted by moving the needle tip from 0 to 1 cm by 0.1 cm to four main directions (corresponding to the locations of fibers) and to four intermediate directions (between neighboring fibers). The system accuracy for small bending (0.1–0.5 cm) is 90$$\%$$ % and for large bending (0.6–1 cm) is approximately 92$$\%$$ % .

Download Full-text

Analysis of Curvature in Fiber Optic Cable for Macrobending-Based Slope Sensor

Journal of Technomaterials Physics ◽

10.32734/jotp.v3i1.5540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 45-56

Author(s):

Imam Mulyanto

Keyword(s):

Fiber Optics ◽

Optical Fibers ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Laser Light ◽

Laser Intensity ◽

Single Mode ◽

Power Losses ◽

Fiber Optic Cable ◽

Power Meter ◽

Working Principle

The analysis of fiber optics for macro bending-based slope sensors using SMF-28 single-mode optical fibers has been successfully conducted. Fiber optics were treated to silicon rubber molding and connected with laser light and power meters to measure the intensity of laser power generated. The working principle was carried out using the macrobending phenomenon on single-mode optical fibers. The intensity of laser light in fiber optic cables decreases in the event of indentation or bending of the fiber optic cable. Power losses resulting from the macrobending process can be seen in the result of the information sensitivity of fiber optics to the change of angle given. From the results of the study, the resulting fiber optic sensitivity value is -0.1534o/dBm. The larger the angle given, the lower the laser intensity received by the power meter.

Download Full-text

DETECTION OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF URIC ACID USING TAPERED SILICA OPTICAL SENSOR COATED WITH ZINC OXIDE (ZNO)

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v74.4724 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hazli Rafis ◽

N. Irawati ◽

H. A. Rafaie ◽

H. Ahmad ◽

S. W. Harun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Optical Fibers ◽

Optical Sensor ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Single Mode ◽

Immersion Method ◽

Peak Voltage ◽

Working Principle ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

Flame Brushing

The working principle of measurement of output power from silica optical sensor for the detection of different concentrations of uric acid is demonstrated. The fabricated sensors used single mode silica optical fibers (SOF) which were tapered using flame brushing technique to achieve a waist diameter of 32 µm and tapering length of 2 mm. The tapered fiber were then coated with ZnO nanostructures using sol–gel immersion method. The concentration of the uric acid is measured in volume parts per million (ppm) for a concentration change from 0 ppm to 500 ppm by tapered SOF coated with ZnO and non-coated sensors. The peak voltage increases linearly for coated and non-coated from 214 mV to 268 mV and 270 mv to 344 mV, respectively. Sensitivity was measured with 0.11 mV/ppm and 0.15 mV/ppm, respectively. In addition, the results show that the linearity of the sensors is 94.56% and 97.78%, respectively. Simple in fabrication and low in cost, this sensor can detect concentration changes of uric acid in a fast and convenient way with high stability and sensitivity. Thus, this sensor will be very promising in chemical and biomedical applications.

Download Full-text

Supercontinuum Generation in Optical Fibers

10.1017/cbo9780511750465 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 262

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Supercontinuum Generation

Download Full-text

High-voltage monitoring by the fiber-optic recirculating measuring system

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-2-38-44 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

A. V. Polyakov ◽

M. A. Ksenofontov

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

High Voltage ◽

Optical Sensors ◽

Electromagnetic Interference ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Electric Power Industry ◽

Measuring System ◽

Voltage Range ◽

External Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Optic Communication

Optical technologies for measuring electrical quantities attract great attention due to their unique properties and significant advantages over other technologies used in high-voltage electric power industry: the use of optical fibers ensures high stability of measuring equipment to electromagnetic interference and galvanic isolation of high-voltage sensors; external electromagnetic fields do not influence the data transmitted from optical sensors via fiber-optic communication lines; problems associated with ground loops are eliminated, there are no side electromagnetic radiation and crosstalk between the channels. The structure and operation principle of a quasi-distributed fiber-optic high-voltage monitoring system is presented. The sensitive element is a combination of a piezo-ceramic tube with an optical fiber wound around it. The device uses reverse transverse piezoelectric effect. The measurement principle is based on recording the change in the recirculation frequency under the applied voltage influence. When the measuring sections are arranged in ascending order of the measured effective voltages relative to the receiving-transmitting unit, a relative resolution of 0,3–0,45 % is achieved for the PZT-5H and 0,8–1,2 % for the PZT-4 in the voltage range 20–150 kV.

Download Full-text

Photo-catalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants in paper mills of southern China

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj17.03.167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 167-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xin Tong ◽

Jiao Li ◽

Jun Ma ◽

Xiaoquan Chen ◽

Wenhao Shen

Keyword(s):

Degradation Rate ◽

Southern China ◽

Catalytic Degradation ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Gaseous Pollutants ◽

Pulp And Paper Mills ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Kinetics

Studies were undertaken to evaluate gaseous pollutants in workplace air within pulp and paper mills and to consider the effectiveness of photo-catalytic treatment of this air. Ambient air at 30 sampling sites in five pulp and paper mills of southern China were sampled and analyzed. The results revealed that formaldehyde and various benzene-based molecules were the main gaseous pollutants at these five mills. A photo-catalytic reactor system with titanium dioxide (TiO2) was developed and evaluated for degradation of formaldehyde, benzene and their mixtures. The experimental results demonstrated that both formaldehyde and benzene in their pure forms could be completely photo-catalytic degraded, though the degradation of benzene was much more difficult than that for formaldehyde. Study of the photo-catalytic degradation kinetics revealed that the degradation rate of formaldehyde increased with initial concentration fitting a first-order kinetics reaction. In contrast, the degradation rate of benzene had no relationship with initial concentration and degradation did not conform to first-order kinetics. The photo-catalytic degradation of formaldehyde-benzene mixtures indicated that formaldehyde behaved differently than when treated in its pure form. The degradation time was two times longer and the kinetics did not reflect a first-order reaction. The degradation of benzene was similar in both pure form and when mixed with formaldehyde.

Download Full-text

PROTOTIPE APLIKASI PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR KELEMBABAN TANAH BERBASIS MICRO CONTOLLER ATMEGA 328

Journal CERITA ◽

10.33050/cerita.v5i1.235 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

Rudi Budi Agung ◽

Muhammad Nur ◽

Didi Sukayadi

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Simple Method ◽

Moisture Sensor ◽

Sensor Development ◽

Soil Moisture Sensor ◽

Application Systems ◽

Harvesting Systems ◽

Working Principle

The Indonesian country which is famous for its tropical climate has now experienced a shift in two seasons (dry season and rainy season). This has an impact on cropping and harvesting systems among farmers. In large scale this is very influential considering that farmers in Indonesia are stilldependent on rainfall which results in soil moisture. Some types of plants that are very dependent on soil moisture will greatly require rainfall or water for growth and development. Through this research, researchers tried to make a prototype application for watering plants using ATMEGA328 microcontroller based soil moisture sensor. Development of application systems using the prototype method as a simple method which is the first step and can be developed again for large scale. The working principle of this prototype is simply that when soil moisture reaches a certainthreshold (above 56%) then the system will work by activating the watering system, if it is below 56% the system does not work or in other words soil moisture is considered sufficient for certain plant needs.

Download Full-text