Green technology in wastewater treatment technologies: Integration of membrane bioreactor with various wastewater treatment systems

Natural interactions between water, soil, atmosphere, plants and microorganisms include physical, chemical and biological processes with decontaminating capacities. Natural or energy-saving wastewater treatment systems utilize these processes and thereby enable a sustainable management in the field of wastewater treatment, offering low investment and operation costs, little or no energy consumption, little and low-skill labor requirements, good landscape integration and excellent feasibility for small settlements, especially when remote from centralized sewer systems. The objective of this work is the development of cost functions for investment and operation of energy-saving wastewater treatment technologies. Cost functions are essential for making cost estimations based on a very reduced number of variables. The latter are easily identified and quantified and have a direct bearing on the costs in question. The formulated investment and operation cost functions follow a power law, and the costs decrease with the increase of the population served. The different energy-saving wastewater treatment systems serving small population settlements, between 50 p.e. and 250 p.e., present associated investment costs varying from 400 €/p.e. to 200 €/p.e. and annual operation costs in the range of 70 €/p.e. to 20 €/p.e., respectively.

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Evaluation of sanitation and wastewater treatment technologies: case studies from India

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2013.099 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Starkl ◽

T. A. Stenström ◽

E. Roma ◽

M. Phansalkar ◽

R. K. Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

High Risk ◽

Case Studies ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Cultural Economic ◽

Septic Tanks ◽

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Sanitation Systems ◽

Wastewater Treatment Systems

This paper reports about the results of an evaluation of selected sanitation systems in India. The following sanitation systems were evaluated: septic tanks, communal Ecosan systems, biogas toilets, solid immobilized biofilters, multiple stage filtration and decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS). The evaluation has been based on an initial assessment looking at whether the systems comply with their intended benefits, and more in depth evaluations on cultural, economic and/or hygienic aspects where the initial assessment has not provided sufficient knowledge. The evaluation showed that all sanitation systems were well accepted by the users. The highest hygienic risk is present in septic tanks, where sludge handling poses a high risk for persons handling it.

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Fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in conventional and membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plants and by riverbank filtration

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2009.0105 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 367 (1904) ◽

pp. 3979-4003 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Mira Petrovic ◽

Maria Jose Lopez de Alda ◽

Silvia Diaz-Cruz ◽

Cristina Postigo ◽

Jelena Radjenovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Membrane Bioreactor ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Aquifer Recharge ◽

Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Drinking Waters ◽

Treatment Technologies

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and drugs of abuse (DAs) are two important groups of emerging environmental contaminants that have raised an increasing interest in the scientific community. A number of studies revealed their presence in the environment. This is mainly due to the fact that some compounds are not efficiently removed during wastewater treatment processes, being able to reach surface and groundwater and subsequently, drinking waters. This paper reviews the data regarding the levels of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs detected in wastewaters and gives an overview of their removal by conventional treatment technologies (applying activated sludge) as well as advanced treatments such as membrane bioreactor. The paper also gives an overview of bank filtration practices at managed aquifer recharge sites and discusses the potential of this approach to mitigate the contamination by PhACs and DAs.

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Mycoremediation for Decolourization of Dye in Wastewater Using Fungi Consortium Culture: A Review

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v18i2.10549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 37-65

Author(s):

Nasrul Nafis Ibrahim ◽

◽

Hasnun Nita Ismail ◽

Nurul Fariha Lokman ◽

Chia Chay Tay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Mixed Culture ◽

Future Study ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Green Technology ◽

Antagonistic Effects ◽

Dye Decolourization ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Consortium Culture ◽

Wastewater Treatment Systems

Dye is extensively used in industries, such as textile, paper printing, food, and leather. Dye causes significant effects on living organisms and the environment. Current dye treatment methods are inefficient in decolourization as the dye is highly persistent. Efficiency in the decolourization of dye is a challenge for industries as well as for wastewater treatment systems. This paper focuses on the mycoremediation dye treatment method, a sustainable treatment method that leads to green technology. This study explores mycoremediation efficiency and processes for dye decolourization. The gap of study on fungal mixed culture shapes future study direction of dye decolourization. Synergistic or antagonistic effects of mixed culture towards dye decolourization should be further investigated.

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Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: A Literature Review

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11120967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 967

Author(s):

Yerkanat N. Kanafin ◽

Dinara Kanafina ◽

Simos Malamis ◽

Evina Katsou ◽

Vassilis J. Inglezakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Retention Time ◽

Membrane Bioreactor ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor ◽

Treatment Technologies

Currently, there is growing scientific interest in the development of more economic, efficient and environmentally friendly municipal wastewater treatment technologies. Laboratory and pilot-scale surveys have revealed that the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is a promising alternative for municipal wastewater treatment. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology combines the advantages of anaerobic processes and membrane technology. Membranes retain colloidal and suspended solids and provide complete solid–liquid separation. The slow-growing anaerobic microorganisms in the bioreactor degrade the soluble organic matter, producing biogas. The low amount of produced sludge and the production of biogas makes AnMBRs favorable over conventional biological treatment technologies. However, the AnMBR is not yet fully mature and challenging issues remain. This work focuses on fundamental aspects of AnMBRs in the treatment of municipal wastewater. The important parameters for AnMBR operation, such as pH, temperature, alkalinity, volatile fatty acids, organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time and solids retention time, are discussed. Moreover, through a comprehensive literature survey of recent applications from 2009 to 2021, the current state of AnMBR technology is assessed and its limitations are highlighted. Finally, the need for further laboratory, pilot- and full-scale research is addressed.

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Comparison of pilot scale performances between membrane bioreactor and hybrid conventional wastewater treatment systems

Journal of Membrane Science ◽

10.1016/j.memsci.2004.02.040 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 242 (1-2) ◽

pp. 5-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Tai Il Yoon ◽

Hyung Sool Lee ◽

Chang Gyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Membrane Bioreactor ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Wastewater Treatment Systems ◽

Conventional Wastewater Treatment

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Impact of meteorological conditions on the water quality of wastewater treatment systems: a comparative study of phytoremediation and membrane bioreactor system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2018.247 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2017 (3) ◽

pp. 718-728

Author(s):

Khush Bakht Andleeb ◽

Imran Hashmi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Membrane Bioreactor ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

Aspect Ratios ◽

Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Two demonstration wastewater treatment systems, i.e. a phytoremediation system and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system, were studied for a six-month period from August 2016 to January 2017. The phytoremediation system consists of wetland cells implanted with diverse phytoremediation macrophyte species at NUST H-12 sector Islamabad, Pakistan, while the MBR system comprises primary clarifiers, membrane tanks and bio tanks that treat domestic wastewater through hybridization of biological and biomechanical techniques. The phytoremediation system receives domestic wastewater at the rate of 283 m3/d, and greater hydraulic efficiencies were achieved because of compartmentalization and higher aspect ratios, whereas the MBR system receives 50 m3/d. The present study was conducted to analyze and compare the correlation between water quality parameters of wastewater treatment systems and meteorological conditions. Statistically significant correlation was exhibited between eight water quality parameters (pH, EC, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total coliforms (TC)) and meteorological factors (ambient temperature and relative humidity). Predominant species isolated and identified through polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA sequencing from wastewater of the phytoremediation system and sludge of the MBR system belong to the phylum Proteobacteria with relatively higher abundance of Enterobacter, Shigella, Escherichia and Salmonella genera.

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