Mycoremediation for Decolourization of Dye in Wastewater Using Fungi Consortium Culture: A Review

Dye is extensively used in industries, such as textile, paper printing, food, and leather. Dye causes significant effects on living organisms and the environment. Current dye treatment methods are inefficient in decolourization as the dye is highly persistent. Efficiency in the decolourization of dye is a challenge for industries as well as for wastewater treatment systems. This paper focuses on the mycoremediation dye treatment method, a sustainable treatment method that leads to green technology. This study explores mycoremediation efficiency and processes for dye decolourization. The gap of study on fungal mixed culture shapes future study direction of dye decolourization. Synergistic or antagonistic effects of mixed culture towards dye decolourization should be further investigated.

INFLUENCE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL BIOSTIMULANTS AND CONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS ON SOME SOLANACEOUS CROPS FOR GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT STOICHIOMETRY UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN SEMI- ARID REGION OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

The main objective of the study was to evaluate the outcome of inoculation with biological consortium culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species (Aculospora logula, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus intraradices, Gigaspora margarita, and Scutellospora heterogama) and chemical fertilizers on Solanaceous crops (Solanum tuberosum L. cultivars, Lycopersicum esculentum L. and Solanum melongena L.) under field conditions during Rabi cropping season. The experimental plot was a randomized block design with four replications. The result revealed that gross yield, plant height, number of branches/plant, leaf moisture, leaf area, root length, and dry biomass were positively affected by the inoculation of consortium culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with 75% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). Overall, our study shows that inoculation of consortium mycorrhizae with 75% RDF gave better growth, dry biomass, nutrient uptake, and yield of solanaceous crops and reduces the dose of chemical fertilizers to improve sustainable crop production and creates a healthy environment.

PERTUMBUHAN KULTUR KONSORTIUM DALAM MINYAK SELAMA BIODEGRADASI DI BAWAH KONDISI AEROB

This study reported the ability of the Consortium Culture (5% v/v) was grown in minimum salts medium (MSM) with the addition of 1% (v / v) crude oil, at different incubation times (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). The Consortium Culture (CC) can live and use crude oil as the sole source of carbon and energy. The analysis result shows that the highest percentage of biodegradation is at the second week with the percentage of hydrocarbon residue of 42% and it has been used up in the eighth week. These results indicate that the consortium culture can be utilized as a biodegradation agent and this phenomenon can used to enhance the bioremediation ability of the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted environment.

Biological Treatment of Used Engine Oil by Single and Mixed Bacterial Cultures Isolated from Soil of Mechanic Workshops

The accumulation of hydrocarbon waste, such as used engine oils in environments, has many impacts on humans and other organisms, therefore many researches were achieved to degrade or remove or consume these pollutants. The aim of the current study is to get a local bacterial isolates has high ability to degrade the spent engine oil as a single or mixed culture. Five soil samples contaminated with spent engine oil were collected from mechanic workshops in Baghdad city to isolate degrading bacteria using Bushnell Hans medium (BHM), pH 7 with 5% of used engine oil. While the growth patterns and gravimetric analysis was used to reveal the ability of these isolates to degrade spent engine oil in liquid BHM medium. The best three isolates A4, B6 and D5 were identified and the optimal temperature and pH for biodegradation of spending engine oil were studied. Also, the consortium culture of three isolates was tested their ability to utilize spent engine oil under the same conditions for single isolate. Twenty five bacterial isolates were obtained from contaminated soil samples and three isolates appeared a maximum degradation rate 74.6, 70.2 and 78.5% respectively. The results from identification tests were showing these isolates belong to Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. The studied three isolates gave the best degradation when incubated at 30°C in BHM medium pH 7. While other results were indicated that consortium cultures are more effective 90.2% than all experiments that used single isolate.