Chlorinated and brominated persistent compounds in hard coral, soft coral, and parrotfish from remote Mascarene islands

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 129316
Author(s):  
Veronica van der Schyff ◽  
Marinus du Preez ◽  
Karin Blom ◽  
Nee Sun Choong Kwet Yive ◽  
Jana Klánová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Coral ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Mascarene Islands

BIODIVERSITI DAN PEMULIHARAAN TERUMBU KARANG DI TIGA BUAH PULAU, MELAKA (Biodiversity and Conservation of Coral Reefs in Three Islands in Malacca)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-197
Author(s):  
SYAIMAK ISMAIL ◽  
MOHAMAD SAUPI BIN ISMAIL ◽  
MUHAMMAD SAIFUL ISLAM ISMAIL ◽  
AEMY AZIZ
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Museum

In the state of Melaka, there are eighteen islands recorded by the Melaka State Museum Corporation (PERZIM). Part of this island serves as a tourist island, and developed islands are also uninhabited islands. However, three islands are recorded to have amazing coral reefs that are still in good condition. The Penang Batu Maung Fisheries Research Institute (AkuaTAR) has conducted a study on the biodiversity of coral reefs around the waters of Pulau Dodol, Pulau Serimbun, and Pulau Undan. AkuaTAR researchers are using scuba diving methods, and at the same time, they did conservation on coral reefs that have been identified in the waters of the Straits of Melaka. The objective of this study is to record the types of community forms such as living corals and identify the species of coral reefs found in three islands in the state of Melaka in Pulau Undan, Pulau Dodol, and Pulau Serimbun. The study also implemented method observation by conducting field studies on the islands involved by doing scuba diving. Results and discussion of the search, these three islands are located in very clean, uninhabited waters. They have a wide range of coral biodiversity using soft coral reefs and hard coral reefs. The study also found that the three islands in the state have the largest coral reefs in the waters of the Straits of Melaka. Keywords: Biodiversity; Conservation; Coral; Three island; Melaka

scholarly journals Sebaran dan Keanekaragaman Ikan Konsumsi pada Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Teluk Majene, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat

Jurnal Airaha ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Andi Arham Atjo ◽  
Reski Fitriah
Keyword(s):  
Soft Coral ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Visual Census

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk  mengetahui Jenis dan sebaran ikan target konsumsi di Teluk Majene Prov, Sulawesi barat. Kondisi terumbu karang didata dengan menggunakan metode Transek segmen atau Point Intersept Transect  (PIT). Transek tersebut dibentangakan sesuai dengan titik yang telah ditentukan selanjutnya seorang penyelam melakukan penyelaman sepanjang transek 50 meter dan mencatat di kertas tahan air (underwater paper) substrat ataupun bentos yang berada tepat di bawah transek garis. Sedangkan jarak interval (point) pencatatan substrat ataupun bentos adalah setiap 50 cm ( Hill dan Wilkinson, 2004). Adapun kategori yang amati tiap titik 0,5 m yaitu Hard Coral (HC), Soft Coral (SC), Rubble (R), Dead Coral (DC),  Dead Coral Algae (DCA), dan Sand (S). Kelimpahan ikan target yang menghuni ekosistem terumbu karang didata dengan menggunakan metode sensus secara langsung  (Visual Census Method) (English et al.,1994), secara teknis pendataan ini dilakukan dengan metode belt transek.. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Terdapat 28 jenis ikan karang yang merupakan target atau konsumsi penting di Teluk Majene. Jenis ikan yang terbanyak adalah dari jenis Caesio sp. Sedangkan untuk sebarannya, ikan target terdapat di seluruh ekosistem terumbu karang Teluk Majene. Sebaran yang terbanyak ada pada lokasi stasiun 6 tepatnya di Lingkungan Pasarang, Kelurahan Totoli.

scholarly journals Macrobenthic Composition of Sea Water Associated with Seagrass in East and West Portions of the Igang Bay, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jean L. De La Cruz ◽  
June Raymund Peter Flores ◽  
Melchor M. Magramo ◽  
Christy Madas ◽  
Marlon Terunez
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Seagrass Community ◽  
East And West

The macrobenthic invertebrates are associated with seagrass communities in East and West at the Igang Bay, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. Seven groups were found in West Igang which includes the hard coral, gastropod, bivalve, soft coral, starfish, limpet, hermit crab and cowrie while eight groups composed of bivalve, gastropod, snail, cowrie, hard coral, hermit crab and sponge were found in the seagrass community of East Igang. Results show that gastropod was the dominating group in both sites. The hard coral group was the most frequent to occur in West Igang while the gastropod in East Igang was frequently observed. Common groups in both sites were hard coral, gastropod, bivalve, and cowrie. West Igang had higher diversity of macrobenthos (H’ = 0.608) than the East Igang with (H’ = 0.513). Both sites have sandy, silty-muddy type of substrates although some portions of West Igang were rocky. Salinity ranged from 28 to 30 parts per thousand and temperature from 20.67 to 32.67 degrees Celsius. Water depth recorded ranged from 0.43 to 0.60 meters. The higher variability of substrates in West Igang probably promoted the higher diversity of macrobenthic groups in the area suitable for different attachments and mobility along with denser growth of seagrass in the said site. Keywords - Seagrass, Igang Bay, Macrobenthic invertebrates, hard corals, gastropod, bivalve

Distribution, diversity and abundance of coral communities in the coastal waters of Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Rupert Ormond ◽  
Wera Leujak ◽  
Pirzada Jamal A. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Black Coral ◽  
Coral Communities

We assessed the distribution, diversity and abundance of corals in Pakistani waters. A total of 29 hard coral species (eight families and 14 genera), one black coral species and eight soft coral species (three families and seven genera) were recorded from 18 dive sites at nine locations along the coastline. Distribution of hard corals was extremely poor at Mubarak Village and Sandspit, and corals were not found at Goth Abdul Rehman, Gadani (Kuchiani) and Buleji. Moderately rich coral communities were recorded at Churna Island and at more exposed sites around Astola Island. By contrast highly diverse hard coral communities, with up to 80% cover, were found only at the northern sheltered side of Astola Island where Favites complanata, Favites pentagona, Coscinaraea monile and Porites nodifera were the most abundant species. Favites complanata was recorded from most dive sites at Astola Island. Porites nodifera and Pocillopora damicornis, and to a lesser extent Porites harrisoni, Leptastrea pruinosa and Psammocora obtusangulata formed large single species stands. No ‘true’ coral reef was found at any dive site; however, the formation of proto-reefs was evident around Astola Island. Soft corals were dominant at most exposed sites, particularly at Ormara (Roadrigues Shoals) and Jiwani. By comparing diversity with other locations in the region, corals distribution and growth appear to be fairly poor in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Kondisi Sumberdaya Ikan & Terumbu Karang di Pulau Maratua, Kabupaten Berau, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Hendrawan Syafrie
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Edge Zone ◽  
Stony Coral

This research aims to obtain describe about the condition of coral reefs and fish around maratua island. Parameter measured to support this research are the percentages of coral cover, abundance of coral fishes, and composition the types of coral fihes. The data field survey was conducted in maratua waters on July 2014. Research sites consisting of 20 station surrounding this island. Result shows that average of coral reefs in reef edge zone in good condition with a coral covered (life coral) 61 % and hard coral composition is 55 % dan soft coral 6 %. The coral reefs covered (stony coral) about 62% in depth 3-6 meters consisting of : 36 % Acropora and 26% non acropora ; and 5% others fauna ; and dead coral abour 22 %. Fish who associated with coral inhabiting waters surrounding maratua island consist of ornamental fish and reef fish consumption, which many found are Pomacentridae, Labridae, Acanthuridae, Chaetodontidae, and Nemipteridae. Result based on field observtion was found about 33 species with diversity index (H’) average 1.57 (relatively small), Uniformity index (E) average 0.3 (depressed community), and donination Index (C) average 0.42 (low).

scholarly journals Dissolved Nitrogen Acquisition in the Symbioses of Soft and Hard Corals With Symbiodiniaceae: A Key to Understanding Their Different Nutritional Strategies?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé A. Pupier ◽  
Renaud Grover ◽  
Maoz Fine ◽  
Cécile Rottier ◽  
Jeroen A. J. M. van de Water ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Nitrogen is one of the limiting nutrients for coral growth and primary productivity. Therefore, the capacity of different associations between corals and their algal symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) to efficiently exploit the available nitrogen sources will influence their distribution and abundance. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of nitrogen assimilation in reef-building scleractinian (hard) coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses. However, the nutrient metabolism of other coral taxa, such as Alcyoniina (soft corals), remains underexplored. Using stable isotope labeling, we investigated the assimilation of dissolved nitrogen (i.e., ammonium, nitrate, and free amino acids) by multiple species of soft and hard corals sampled in the Gulf of Aqaba in shallow (8–10 m) and mesophotic (40–50 m) reefs. Our results show that dissolved nitrogen assimilation rates per tissue biomass were up to 10-fold higher in hard than in soft coral symbioses for all sources of nitrogen. Although such differences in assimilation rates could be linked to the Symbiodiniaceae density, Symbiodiniaceae species, or the C:N ratio of the host and algal symbiont fractions, none of these parameters were different between the two coral taxa. Instead, the lower assimilation rates in soft coral symbioses might be explained by their different nutritional strategy: whereas soft corals may obtain most of their nitrogen via the capture of planktonic prey by the coral host (heterotrophic feeding), hard corals may rely more on dissolved nitrogen assimilation by their algal symbionts to fulfill their needs. This study highlights different nutritional strategies in soft and hard coral symbioses. A higher reliance on heterotrophy may help soft corals to grow in reefs with higher turbidity, which have a high concentration of particles in suspension in seawater. Further, soft corals may benefit from lower dissolved nitrogen assimilation rates in areas with low water quality.

scholarly journals Kondisi Substrat Dasar Perairan Cagar Alam Pulau Sempu, Kabupaten Malang

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi ◽  
Firly Yulianto ◽  
Sanydo Pandapotan Caesar Pangaribuan ◽  
Dimas Bagus Dwi Putranto ◽  
Dimas Syarif Alim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Bottom Substrate ◽  
Coral Coverage ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
One Year

The aim this study was to determine the condition of bottom substrate base of Sempu Island Nature Reserve of Malang that was very important to know the coral reef composition to support living creatures in this area. The research was conducted on December 8-9, 2017, the substrates data was taken by using Point Intercept Transect (PIT) for 100 m along of coast of Sempu Island (Reef Check Indonesia), the transect was divided into four parts 20 meters each segment and 5 m blank between segments.  The data was taken into three stations, they were Teluk Semut 1 , Teluk Semut 2, and Watu Meja. The results of this study indicate that the basic substrate of waters at Sempu Island Nature Reserve is divided into two: living (HC = Hard Coral, SC = Soft Coral, NIA = Nutrien Indicator Algae, SP = Sponge and OT = Other) and non-living (RKC = Ricently Killed Coral, RC = Rock, RB = Rubble, SD = Sand and SI = Silt). Teluk Semut Station 1 was dominated by the rubble (39%), Teluk Semut 2 station and Watu Meja were dominated by hard coral (53%). In conclusion, from three monitored stations showed that the life coral percentage in Sempu Island water was significane changed during last one year where in Teluk Semut 1 the coral coverage decreased to 21.75%, while in Teluk Semut 2 and Watu Meja was increased up to 42.38% and 25.5% respectively. The natural and non-natural factors may have influenced the changed of substrate cover in Sempu Island water during this last year.

scholarly journals The Significance of Genotypic Diversity in Coral Competitive Interaction: A Transcriptomic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Andrade Rodriguez ◽  
A. Moya ◽  
R. Jones ◽  
D. J. Miller ◽  
I. R. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Ecological Concept ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
Detect Gene Expression

Competitive interactions shape coral assemblages and govern the dynamics of coral ecosystems. Although competition is an ecological concept, the outcomes of competitive interactions are ultimately determined by patterns of gene expression. These patterns are subject to genotypic variation on both sides of any interaction. Such variation is typically treated as “noise”, but it is sometimes possible to identify patterns within it that reveal important hidden factors in an experiment. To incorporate genotypic variation into the investigation of coral competitive interactions, we used RNA-sequencing to study changes in gene expression in a hard coral (Porites cylindrica) resulting from non-contact competition experiment with a soft coral (Lobophytum pauciflorum). Hard coral genotype explained the largest proportion of variation between samples; however, it was also possible to detect gene expression changes in 76 transcripts resulting from interaction with the soft coral. In addition, we found a group of 20 short secreted proteins that were expressed as a coordinated unit in three interacting Porites-Lobophytum pairs. The presence of this secretion response was idiosyncratic in that it could not be predicted based on polyp behaviour, or the genotype of hard or soft coral alone. This study illustrates the significance of individual variation as a determinant of competitive behaviour, and also provides some intriguing glimpses into the molecular mechanisms employed by hard corals competing at a distance.

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