Characteristics of chemical profile, sources and PAH toxicity of PM2.5 in Beijing in autumn-winter transit season with regard to domestic heating, pollution control measures and meteorology

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 130143
Author(s):  
Fengxia Li ◽  
Jianwei Gu ◽  
Jinyuan Xin ◽  
Juergen Schnelle-Kreis ◽  
Yuesi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Domestic Heating ◽  
Pah Toxicity

Implementation of Hamilton-Wentworth Region’s Pollution Control Plan

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stirrup
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows

Abstract The Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth operates a large combined sewer system which diverts excess combined sewage to local receiving waters at over 20 locations. On average, there are approximately 23 combined sewer overflows per year, per outfall. The region’s Pollution Control Plan, adopted by Regional Council in 1992, concluded that the only reasonable means of dealing with large volumes of combined sewer overflow in Hamilton was to intercept it at the outlets, detain it and convey it to the wastewater treatment plant after the storm events. The recommended control strategy relies heavily on off-line storage, with an associated expansion of the Woodward Avenue wastewater treatment plant to achieve target reductions of combined sewer overflows to 1–4 per year on average. The region has begun to implement this Pollution Control Plan in earnest. Three off-line detention storage tanks are already in operation, construction of a fourth facility is well underway, and conceptual design of a number of other proposed facilities has commenced. To make the best possible use of these facilities and existing in-line storage, the region is implementing a microcomputer-based real-time control system. A number of proposed Woodward Avenue wastewater treatment plant process upgrades and expansions have also been undertaken. This paper reviews the region's progress in implementing these control measures.

Evaluating the effectiveness of pollution control measures via the occurrence of DDTs and HCHs in wet deposition of an urban center, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Chuan Guo ◽  
Lian-Jun Bao ◽  
Shao-Meng Li ◽  
Shu Tao ◽  
Eddy Y. Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Urban Center

The impacts of pollution control measures on PM2.5 reduction: Insights of chemical composition, source variation and health risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Zheng ◽  
Shaofei Kong ◽  
Qin Yan ◽  
Fangqi Wu ◽  
Yi Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Variation

scholarly journals Air pollution control and decreasing new particle formation lead to strong climate warming

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 25991-26007 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Makkonen ◽  
A. Asmi ◽  
V.-M. Kerminen ◽  
M. Boy ◽  
A. Arneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
New Particle Formation ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Forcing ◽  
Year 2000

Abstract. The number of cloud droplets determines several climatically relevant cloud properties. A major cause for the high uncertainty in the indirect aerosol forcing is the availability of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), which in turn is highly sensitive to atmospheric new particle formation. Here we present the effect of new particle formation on anthropogenic aerosol forcing in present-day (year 2000) and future (year 2100) conditions. The total aerosol forcing (−1.61 W m−2 in year 2000) is simulated to be greatly reduced in the future, to −0.23 W m−2, mainly due to decrease in SO2 emissions and resulting decrease in new particle formation. With the total aerosol forcing decreasing in response to air pollution control measures taking effect, warming from increased greenhouse gas concentrations can potentially increase at a very rapid rate.

scholarly journals Water balance computation and water quality improvement evaluation for Yanghe Basin in semiarid area of North China using coupled MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifen Liu ◽  
Zeshi Li ◽  
Xiaokang Xin ◽  
Defu Liu ◽  
Jialei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
North China ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Semiarid Area ◽  
Mike She ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Mike 11

Abstract Water shortage and water pollution are two prominent issues in North China. Understanding hydrological cycle and water-quality changes in response to pollution control measures is fundamental for a better water management there. Using coupled MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 modeling, various hydrological components in Yanghe Basin in semiarid area of North China were quantified for three typical hydrological years and concentrations of COD and TP in a national monitoring section of Yanghe were evaluated with/without pollution control measures. The modeling results show that the underground water storage of Yanghe Basin gets depleted due to evapotranspiration compensation and groundwater utilization regardless of hydrological condition, indicating an unsustainable in-situ water resource utilization. Water quality goals set for Yanghe (COD ≤ 20 mg/L and TP ≤ 0.2 mg/L) can hardly be achieved if pollution control measures are not taken, especially for a dry hydrological year. Depending on hydrological conditions, non-point source control technology-related projects in a 109-km2 village and a 7-km river-channel wetland in mainstream of Yanghe will have a positive effect or negligible effect on water quality improvement. To meet water quality goals, implementation of three wetlands is an effective and economic way.

scholarly journals Optimal allocation of nonpoint source pollution control measures using two modern comprehensive evaluation methods

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-825
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Xiaodan Tang ◽  
Xiaoyi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Nps Pollution

Abstract Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has been studied for many years but it exhibits random, widespread, complex uncertainties which make it difficult to manage and control. We employ group decision-making utilizing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE) and the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP) and comparatively evaluate the optimal allocation of NPS pollution control measures. Here, we present the top-three evaluation results ranked as follows: combination of contour tillage and vegetative filter strips (CT & VFS), vegetative filter strips (VFS), and combination of contour tillage and fertilizer reduction and vegetative filter strips (CT & FR & VFS). The fourth, fifth and sixth results by FCE method are chemical fertilizer reduction (FR), returning farmland to forest or pasture (RF), and combination of contour tillage and fertilizer reduction (CT & FR), while the corresponding results by AHP method are returning farmland to forest or pasture (RF), combination of contour tillage and fertilizer reduction (CT & FR), and fertilizer reduction (FR). The seventh results for each of the two methods are contour tillage (CT), which has a positive but limited effect on nutrient loss reduction. Our results provide new underlying insights needed to guide the resonable allocation of NPS pollution control measures.

scholarly journals Using Costs and Health Benefits to Estimate the Priority of Air Pollution Control Action Plan: A Case Study in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5970
Author(s):  
Hsin-Chih Lai ◽  
Min-Chuan Hsiao ◽  
Je-Liang Liou ◽  
Li-Wei Lai ◽  
Pei-Chih Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Quality Modeling

A comparative analysis was conducted between the costs and health benefits of the Air Pollution Control Action Plan (APCAP), which can be implemented in any country to improve air quality and human health. In this study, air quality modeling was used to simulate several scenarios and implement the Kriging method to describe the PM2.5 reduction concentration instantly. Then, health benefits were estimated using the environmental benefit mapping and analysis program (BenMAP) with results from the air quality modeling and Kriging method. To estimate the priority of APCAP, 14 pollution control measures that cover point, mobile, and area sources of air pollution in Taiwan were analyzed. The results indicate that the health benefits of the Taiwan APCAP (TAPCAP) are generally greater than the technical costs. Thus, the implementation of this strategy may result in net benefits. In addition, the benefit-to-control cost ratio for health for the 14 pollution control measures was calculated. The results provide evidence to prioritize the implementation of air quality policies with a higher benefit-cost ratio.

The policy implementation strategies of county cadres: Political instrument and flexible local governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 0920203X2096823
Author(s):  
Gang Tian ◽  
Wen-Hsuan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Political ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Political Risks

Using the concept of ‘hedging’, we explore how local cadres in China deviate from central policies in order to serve local interests and, while doing so, avoid being called to account by their superiors. Political signals enable cadres to decide when to invest more resources into the implementation of certain policies. In this way, they optimize their performance and avoid the political risks involved in failing to carry out their designated tasks. This article uses county Y as an example in a discussion of county-level implementation of policies related to economic growth and air pollution control. We find that local cadres weaken the functions of the superior ‘special inspection team’ (专项督察组, hereafter inspection team), treating them as political instruments used by the central and local authorities to ensure a greater level of responsiveness at the grass roots. Information concerning the imminent arrival of an inspection team in their locality acts as a signal for cadres to allocate more resources to the enforcement of air pollution control measures, thus maximizing their performance in this area. Through this research, we have endeavoured to provide a deeper understanding of the operating logic of Chinese local governments and the behaviour of county cadres.

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