Geographic distribution and time trend of human exposure of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate among different age groups based on global biomonitoring data

ABSTRACT Background: The frequency of hysterectomy varies in same geographical area. The objectives of this study were to determine the type, time trend and indications of hysterectomy in our population. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional, study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan, from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2016. A sample size of 571 was selected through consecutive technique. Inclusion criteria were all hysterectomies done for gynecological indications. Demographic variable was age groups. Research variables were type, time trend and indications for hysterectomy. All variables being categorical were expressed as frequency and percentages. 95% confidence interval for proportion were calculated. SPSS version 19 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 571 hysterectomies, 333(58.31 %) were abdominal and 238(41.68 %) were vaginal. Age-wise distribution of hysterectomies shows >61 is the modal age group. The hysterectomy frequency increased from 7% of total gynecological admission during 2013 to 17% of total gynecological admission in 2016. The indication for hysterectomy by type from 2013-2016 was menstrual disorders and uterine prolapse. Conclusion: Trans abdominal hysterectomies were more common than vaginal hysterectomies. Most common age group for hysterectomy was older than 60 years. The indication for abdominal hysterectomy was menstrual disorders whereas the only indication for vaginal hysterectomy was uterine prolapse. Line diagram was showing an increase in hysterectomy frequency over time from 2013-16.

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Measurement of eight urinary metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment

Biomarkers ◽

10.1080/13547500500382868 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

M. J. Silva ◽

J. A. Reidy ◽

J. L. Preau ◽

E. Samandar ◽

L. L. Needham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exposure Assessment ◽

Human Exposure ◽

Urinary Metabolites ◽

Human Exposure Assessment ◽

Ethylhexyl Phthalate

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a population-based analysis of incidence, geographic distribution, clinicopathologic presentation features, and prognosis. Danish Lymphoma Study Group.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1994.12.8.1673 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1673-1684 ◽

Cited By ~ 190

Author(s):

F d'Amore ◽

H Brincker ◽

K Grønbaek ◽

K Thorling ◽

M Pedersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Time Trend ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Population Based ◽

Cell Phenotype ◽

Study Group ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Lymphoma Study Group

PURPOSE To evaluate incidence, time trends, geographic distribution, clinicopathologic presentation features, and prognostic factors for survival and relapse in gastrointestinal (GI) non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Over a 9-year period (1983 to 1991), 2,446 new NHL cases were recorded in a Danish population-based NHL registry (Danish Lymphoma Study Group [LYFO]). Of these, 306 (12.5%) were GI NHL (175 gastric, 109 intestinal, and 22 both sites). LYFO registry data were used for incidence rate (IR) assessment, and time-trend and geographic distribution analysis. Relative risk (RR) values for survival and relapse were identified by multivariate analysis. RESULTS The mean annual, age-standardized IRs for gastric and intestinal NHL were 0.71/10(5) and 0.48/10(5) per year, respectively. Age-specific IRs for both localizations showed an exponential increase as a function of age. Time-trend analysis for the period 1983 to 1991 showed stable IRs for both localizations. Intestinal NHL was more frequent in males (male-to-female ratio, 2.0 v 1.3), and had a higher occurrence of disseminated disease, constitutional symptoms, high-grade histology, and T-cell phenotype (10% v 2%). Gastric NHL had more low-grade cases (38% v 19%), and almost all were of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type. The cause-specific 5-year survival rate was 63% for gastric NHL and 49% for intestinal NHL. The Musshoff staging system was an excellent discriminator between truly localized (stage I and II1) and disseminated cases (stage II2 to IV), particularly for gastric NHL, for which no survival difference was found between surgically and conservatively stage localized cases. CONCLUSION (1) No increase in the incidence of GI NHL was found over a 9-year observation period; (2) nonrandom spatial distribution of new GI NHL cases was observed; (3) factors that significantly increased the risk of death in gastric cases were presence of B symptoms (RR = 3.3), clinical stage is more than II1 (RR = 3.0), age more than 72 years (RR = 2.4), and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (s-LDH) level (RR = 2.0); and factors that increased the risk of death in intestinal cases were presence of B symptoms (RR = 3.2), age more than 58 years (RR = 2.8), and clinical stage more than I (RR = 2.1); (4) factors that significantly increased the risk of relapse in gastric cases were male sex and no radiotherapy in primary treatment; and in intestinal cases were T-cell phenotype and no surgery in primary treatment; (5) surgical staging, as opposed to thorough noninvasive staging, did not improve staging accuracy and final outcome in localized gastric NHL.

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Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s00253-014-6183-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (24) ◽

pp. 9967-9981 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

Hanno C. Erythropel ◽

Milan Maric ◽

Jim A. Nicell ◽

Richard L. Leask ◽

Viviane Yargeau

Keyword(s):

Human Exposure ◽

Plastic Containers ◽

Ethylhexyl Phthalate

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Patterns of amenable child mortality over time in 34 member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): evidence from a 15-year time trend analysis (2001–2015)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027909 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e027909 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Michela Gianino ◽

Jacopo Lenzi ◽

Marco Bonaudo ◽

Maria Pia Fantini ◽

Roberta Siliquini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trend Analysis ◽

Child Mortality ◽

Time Trend ◽

Universal Access ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Annual Number ◽

Amenable Mortality ◽

Specific Distribution

ObjectivesTo analyse the trends of amenable mortality rates (AMRs) in children over the period 2001–2015.DesignTime trend analysis.SettingThirty-four member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).ParticipantsMidyear estimates of the resident population aged ≤14 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUsing data from the WHO Mortality Database and Nolte and McKee’s list, AMRs were calculated as the annual number of deaths over the population/100 000 inhabitants. The rates were stratified by age groups (<1, 1–4, 5–9 and 10–14 years). All data were summarised by presenting the average rates for the years 2001/2005, 2006/2010 and 2011/2015.ResultsThere was a significant decline in children’s AMRs in the <1 year group in all 34 OECD countries from 2001/2005 to 2006/2010 (332.78 to 295.17/100 000; %Δ −11.30%; 95% CI −18.75% to −3.85%) and from 2006/2010 to 2011/2015 (295.17 to 240.22/100 000; %Δ −18.62%; 95% CI −26.53% to −10.70%) and a slow decline in the other age classes. The only cause of death that was significantly reduced was conditions originating in the early neonatal period for the <1 year group. The age-specific distribution of causes of death did not vary significantly over the study period.ConclusionsThe low decline in amenable mortality rates for children aged ≥1 year, the large variation in amenable mortality rates across countries and the insufficient success in reducing mortality from all causes suggest that the heath system should increase its efforts to enhance child survival. Promoting models of comanagement between primary care and subspecialty services, encouraging high-quality healthcare and knowledge, financing universal access to healthcare and adopting best practice guidelines might help reduce amenable child mortality.

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Epidemiology of human exposure to rabies in Nunavik: incidence, the role of dog bites and their context, and victim profiles

10.21203/rs.2.17363/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Mediouni ◽

Mario Brisson ◽

André Ravel

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Human Exposure ◽

Age Groups ◽

Young Male ◽

Health Concern ◽

Health Board ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Potential Exposure ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

And Gender

Abstract Background: In Nunavik, Arctic rabies is still endemic due to a spillover from wildlife to dogs. The prevention of human exposure and the management of potential exposure is a significant public health concern in this region. Methods: This study retrospectively describes cases of potential exposure to rabies in humans as reported to the Nunavik Public Health Board through their registry of reported cases. We used multi-correspondence analysis as well as univariable and multivariable regression models to test for differences between children and adults in reported cases, and to examine to contexts of exposure to dogs and dog attacks. Results: From 2008 to 2017, 320 cases of potential exposure to rabies were reported, 92% of which were linked to dogs. The annual incidence rate was 2.5 per 1,000 people. The incidence increased significantly during the study period, although the reasons for this are unclear. Fifteen cases of exposure were with rabid animals, mostly dogs (9 of 15). No human cases of rabies occurred thanks to adequate medical case management. Two specific profiles for potential exposure to rabies were identified based on age and gender. The first was children (<15 y/o), male or female, who were more likely to be exposed through playing with dogs and were more often injured in the head and/or neck. The second was young male adults (aged 15 to 34 y/o), who were more involved with wildlife than other age groups and mostly injured in the upper limbs and as a result of a reaction by the animal. Conclusion: Rabies is a real public health threat in Nunavik. Potential human exposure needs to be prevented, and prevention measures should be tailored to the two risk profiles identified based on age, gender and animal species involved.

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Trends of Analgesic Nephropathy in Two High-Endemic Regions with Different Legislation

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.1681/asn.v123550 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 550-556

Author(s):

PAUL MICHIELSEN ◽

PAUL DE SCHEPPER

Keyword(s):

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Time Trend ◽

New South ◽

Age Groups ◽

Analgesic Nephropathy ◽

Exact Nature ◽

South Wales ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Abstract. Analgesic abuse is related to a specific form of interstitial nephritis, but the exact nature of the causal agent remains controversial and this has resulted in differences in regulation. In Flanders, the free sale of phenacetin was banned, but the consumption of other combined analgesics remained free. In New South Wales, phenacetin was also banned, but 2 yr later the sales of all combined analgesics were also prohibited. This study compared the evolution of end-stage renal disease as a result of analgesic nephropathy (AN) in these two high-endemic regions with different legislation. In both regions, the time trend of the age-specific incidence of end-stage renal disease as a result of AN is similar in the age group 45 to 54 yr. In all age groups combined, the time trend of the percentage of AN among the patients admitted for renal replacement therapy is also similar. This finding does not support the hypothesis that non-phenacetin mixed analgesics play a significant role in the occurrence of AN.

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Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.5863/1551-6776-9.2.89 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 89-95

Author(s):

Arthur A. Strauss

Keyword(s):

Health Care Professionals ◽

Human Exposure ◽

Medical Literature ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Potential Toxicity ◽

Human Carcinogen ◽

Chemical Agents ◽

The Status ◽

Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽

Oily Liquid

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate or DEHP is a colorless, oily liquid and notably, with respect to clinical concerns, is soluble in blood and body fluids containing lipoproteins. Despite being listed as a possible human carcinogen in the 1980's, more recent concerns have focused on its potential toxicity as a result of leaching from medical devices into patients via intravenous or enteral routes. Initial discussion of this problem was reported in the medical literature over 20 years ago. This article provides an update on the status of DEHP as a potential reproductive toxin and the potential implications for high-risk population groups (most notably neonates). The use of the precautionary principle for a guidepost in relating human exposure effects to chemical agents, including DEHP, has become a topic relevant to all health care professionals and is discussed herein.

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