scholarly journals Xerophthalmia and Its Associated Factors among School-Age Children in Amba Giorgis Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gizachew Tilahun Belete ◽  
Assefa Lake Fenta ◽  
Mohammed Seid Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction. Xerophthalmia is a general term applied to all the ocular manifestations from night blindness through complete corneal destruction (keratomalacia) due to vitamin A deficiency. Xerophthalmia is the main contributing factors for childhood blindness in developing countries. However, there is limited evidence that can implicate the current situation. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of xerophthalmia and associated factors among school-age children in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 490 children, age range of 6 to 12 years. The study participants were selected through systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and ophthalmic examination with different ophthalmic instruments. The analyzed result was summarized and presented using descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with xerophthalmia. Variables with a p value of <0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered as statistically significant. Results. A total of 484 study participants with a response rate of 98.8 were involved in this study, and their median age was 8 years with IQR of 4 years. The prevalence of xerophthalmia was 8.26% (95% CI: 5.8, 10.7). Family income less than 1000 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.31, 16.4), presence of febrile illness (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.49, 6.11), poor consumption of fruits and vegetables (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.30, 7.80), and nonimmunized status (AOR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.49, 7.89) were significantly associated with xerophthalmia. Conclusions and recommendations. The prevalence of xerophthalmia was high as compared to the World Health Organization criteria for public health significance. Factors identified for xerophthalmia in this study are low income, the poor dietary practice of fruits and vegetables, and the presence of febrile illness and not immunized. Hence, it is a public problem that needs attention.

scholarly journals Proportion of Immediate Postpartum Anaemia and Associated Factors among Postnatal Mothers in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Anemia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Asenake Abebaw ◽  
Temesgen Worku Gudayu ◽  
Bayew Kelkay
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Anaemia is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries. Postpartum anaemia hurts both maternal and newborn baby health. Anaemia in pregnancy is sufficiently emphasized; however, very little attention has been paid to postpartum anaemia in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Debre Markos Referral Hospital. Methods. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 study participants from August 1st to October 30th, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected through both face-to-face interview and maternal chart review by using a pretested questionnaire. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered using Epi Data version 4.6.0.0 and then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. First, binary logistic regression was applied to identify candidate variables for multivariable regression. Then, variables at p value <0.2 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression to control possible confounders. Finally, variables at p value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. The proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia was 24.3%. Frequency of antenatal care (ANC) visits <4 times [AOR = 2.40; 95% CI (1.29, 4.43)], antepartum haemorrhage (APH) [AOR = 5.08; 95% CI (1.91, 13.55)], postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) [AOR = 4.47; 95% CI (2.25, 8.88)], giving birth assisted by instruments (vacuum or forceps) [AOR = 3.99; 95% CI (1.42, 11.23)], poor adherence to iron and folic acid (IFA) [AOR = 2.52; 95% CI (1.06, 6.04)], and midupper arm circumference (MUAC) <23 cm [AOR = 3.25; 95% CI (1.87, 5.65)] were the predictors. Conclusion. The proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia was a moderate public health concern. ANC, APH, PPH, mode of delivery, adherence to IFA supplementation, and MUAC measurement were the factors affecting the magnitude of anaemia. Therefore, interventions that would address the above mentioned factors need to be implemented.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease and associated factors among HIV/AIDS Patients on HAART at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizachew Ayele Manaye ◽  
Dejene Derseh Abateneh ◽  
Wondwossen Niguse Asmare
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background In developing countries, both opportunistic infections and chronic diseases account a high HIV associated mortality and morbidity. Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) associated with HIV infection has got increased attention in sub-Saharan Africa as a result of the high HIV prevalence and due to the late diagnosis and initiation of HAART. Thus, this study was conducted to assess CKD and associated factors among HIV patients on HARRT in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study with a secondary data review was conducted from February 01 to April 30, 2017, at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire by trained nurses. Venous blood and urine specimen was collected for serum creatinine and urine protein determination respectively. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the CKD–EPI estimator. Data were entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 336 HIV patients on HARRT participated in the study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 39.7 ( + 9.7) years. The study participants were on HAART with an average of 7.5 ( + 3) years. Before ART initiation, the majority of patients had WHO clinical stage II and III, 251 (74.7%), CD4+T cell count < 200 cells/mm 3 , 221 (65.8%).The overall prevalence of CKD was 16.1%. About 27 (8.0%), 16 (4.8%), 11 (3.3%) of the participants had stage 1 and stage 2 CKD and chronic renal failure (stage 3a-5) respectively. With multivariate logistic regression analysis being male (AOR=2.05 (1.03-4.09), p=0.04, occupation merchant (AOR=2.91(1.00-8.48),p=0.049)and viral load > 1000 copies/mm 3 (AOR=3.1 (1.38-7.00), P<0.01) were significantly associated with CKD. Conclusions The prevalence of CKD among HIV patients on HARRT is high. Being male, merchant and viral load > 1000 copies/mm 3 were associated factors of CKD. Patients should be regularly monitored and screened for early diagnosis and management of CKD. Those patients with high viral load and male patients should be closely followed.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicidal Behavior Among Patients and Residents in Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habte Belete ◽  
Eyaya Misgan ◽  
Tilahun Belete
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
Total Prevalence

There are a million suicide deaths in the world annually, and 75% of these occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there are limited resources to prevent suicidal deaths in those regions. The aim was to assess the prevalence of suicidal behavior and associated factors among patients visiting for medical care at a health center and residents in the community. A comparative study was employed by interviewing 2,625 residents in the community and 1,363 patients at the health center about suicidal behavior in northwest Ethiopia, from March 2017 to February 2018. Logistic analysis was employed with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) and with p-value &lt; 0.05. The total prevalence of suicidal behavior (ideation, plan, and attempt) was found to be 5.6% (with 95% CI range 5–6%). It was found to be 4.4% with 95% CI range 4–5% in residents and 7.9% with 95% CI range 6–9% in patients. Female sex, depressive symptoms, physical/verbal abuse, and feeling stigmatized were identified as a risk factors for suicidal behavior, whereas a healthy lifestyle, such as eating regular meals of fruits and vegetables, doing physical exercise regularly, and having public health insurance were identified as protective risk factors for suicidal behavior even after adjusting for being a patient or not. The proportion of suicidal behavior was double in patients compared with residents. Suicidal behavior should be assessed in patients who visit for medical help and integration of mental health service within the primary health care system is recommended, especially in low-income countries.

scholarly journals Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Visual Impairment Among School-Age Children In Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Antehun Merrie ◽  
Mulusew Mulusew Tegegne ◽  
Minychil Bantihun Munaw ◽  
Haile Woretaw Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Bahir Dar

scholarly journals Visual impairment and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistie Diress ◽  
Yitayeh Belsti ◽  
Mihret Getnet ◽  
Sofonias Addis Fekadu ◽  
Baye Dagnew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
City Administration ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Visual impairment is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age groups in Ethiopia, which is getting worse during pregnancy. Though visual impairment has lots of serious consequences across the life course of pregnant women, there is no previous study on this topic in Ethiopia. Thus, this study determined the prevalence of visual impairment and identified associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at the governmental health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic, clinical and pregnancy-related variables to collect the required data. Snellen’s illiterate “E” chart was used to determine visual impairment. EpiData 3 and Stata 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were executed to identify associated factors of visual impairment. Variables with a p-value ≤0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared as statistically significant with visual impairment. Results A total of 417 (response rate = 98.6%) participants were involved in this study, with a median age of 27 years. The overall prevalence of visual impairment was 22.5% (95% CI: 18.5–26.6). Thirty (7.2%) and thirty-two (7.7%) of the study participants had moderate to severe visual impairments in their right and left eyes, respectively. Participants aged from 31 to 49 years (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1–4.0), being 3rd trimester (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.5), multi & grand multipara (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2–4.6), and history of contraceptive use (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.3) had higher chance of visual impairment. Conclusion The magnitude of visual impairment among pregnant women was high in the study area. Therefore, routine screening and evaluation of pregnant women for visual condition during antenatal care visits is recommended. Further investigations of visual changes, particularly as a result of pregnancy, are warranted.

scholarly journals Southern Exposure: Lived Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p44
Author(s):  
James H. Johnson, Jr. ◽  
Allan M. Parnell ◽  
Jeanne Milliken Bonds
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Family Members ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Personal Exposures ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Study Participants

The COVID-19 pandemic wreaked havoc and disrupted the lives of low-income individuals and families throughout a state in the southeast region of the U.S. Many of the disruptions were shared by all, including isolation-induced mental health issues, adjustments to safety protocols, and financial challenges. Sone lost jobs. Some left jobs to protect family members. Some had major housing issues. Those with school-age children had multiple challenges, including access, reliability, and cost of broadband to support virtual learning; the inability to maintain or return to work because of children at home; and loss of free-and reduced meals at schools. Attitudes about vaccination varied considerably, with some adamantly refusing to be vaccinated, while others acknowledged uncertainty, but hesitatingly sought the vaccines. Others were eager to be vaccinated. Despite personal exposures and familial losses, study participants demonstrated great resiliency, creating ways to keep food on the table, supporting family and friends, finding the positive in having more time with children and other family members, and continuing to search for a way forward throughout the pandemic.

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