STING Requires the Adaptor TRIF to Trigger Innate Immune Responses to Microbial Infection

AbstractPathogen recognition and triggering pattern of host innate immune system is critical to understanding pathogen-host interaction. It is generally accepted that the microbial infection can be recognized by host via pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) or effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses. Recently, non-PRR-mediated cellular surveillance systems have been reported as an important supplement strategy to PTI and ETI responses. However, the mechanism of how surveillance systems sense pathogens and trigger innate immune responses is largely unknown. In the present study, using Bacillus thuringiensis-Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we found a new approach for surveillance systems to sense the pathogens through no-PPRs patterns. We reported C. elegans can monitor intracellular energy status through the mitochondrial surveillance system to triggered innate immune responses against pathogenic attack via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Consider that the mitochondria surveillance systems and AMPK are conserved components from worms to mammals, our study suggests that disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis to activate the immune system through AMPK-dependent pathways may widely existing in animals.

Download Full-text

Heat shock protein 20 from Procambarus clarkii is involved in the innate immune responses against microbial infection

Developmental & Comparative Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.dci.2020.103638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 103638 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chang-Sheng Li ◽

Saima Kausar ◽

Isma Gul ◽

Xiao-Xiao Yao ◽

Meng-Yi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Procambarus Clarkii ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Microbial Infection ◽

Heat Shock Protein 20

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of STING requires the adaptor TRIF to trigger innate immune responses to microbial infection.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726739888.793524142 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Bryan Williams ◽

Michael Paul Gantier

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Microbial Infection

Download Full-text

C. elegans monitor energy status to trigger innate immune responses via AMPK pathway against bacterial pathogens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-590514/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Donghai Peng ◽

Shouyong Ju ◽

Hanqiao Chen ◽

Shaoying Wang ◽

Jian Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Ion Leakage ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Energy Status ◽

Microbial Infection ◽

C Elegans

Abstract Pathogen recognition and triggering pattern of host innate immune system is critical to understanding pathogen-host interaction. Cellular surveillance systems have been reported as an important strategy for the identification of microbial infection. In the present study, using Bacillus thuringiensis-Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we found a new approach for surveillance systems to sense the pathogens. We report that Bacillus thuringiensis produced Cry5Ba, a classical PFTs, leading mitochondrial damage and energy imbalance by causing potassium ion leakage, instead of directly targeting mitochondria. Interestingly, C. elegans can monitor intracellular energy status through the mitochondrial surveillance system to triggered innate immune responses against pathogenic attack via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Obviously, it is common that pathogens produce toxins to cause potassium leakage. Our study indicate that the imbalance of energy status is a common result of pathogen infection.Besides. AMPK-dependent surveillance system can act as a new stratege for host to recognize and defense pathogens.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of STING requires the adaptor TRIF to trigger innate immune responses to microbial infection.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726739888.793523554 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

David Wallach ◽

Andrew Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Microbial Infection

Download Full-text

Toll-Like Receptors in Natural Killer Cells and Their Application for Immunotherapy

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2020/2045860 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ji-Yoon Noh ◽

Suk Ran Yoon ◽

Tae-Don Kim ◽

Inpyo Choi ◽

Haiyoung Jung

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Cells ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Microbial Infection

Innate immunity represents the first barrier for host defense against microbial infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most well-defined PRRs with respect to PAMP recognition and induction of innate immune responses. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger innate immune responses by inducing inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, antigen-presenting molecules, and costimulatory molecules. TLRs are expressed either on the cell surface or within endosomes of innate immune cells. NK cells are one of the innate immune cells and also express TLRs to recognize or respond to PAMPs. TLRs in NK cells induce the innate immune responses against bacterial and viral infections via inducing NK cytotoxicity and cytokine production. In this review, we will discuss the expression and cellular function of TLRs in NK cells and also introduce some therapeutic applications of TLR agonists for NK cell-mediated immunotherapy.

Download Full-text

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000143 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 119-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard J. Stevenson ◽

Deborah Hodgson ◽

Megan J. Oaten ◽

Luba Sominsky ◽

Mehmet Mahmut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Negative Control ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Immune Markers ◽

Before And After ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

Download Full-text