The costs and benefits of multistage configuration: A framework and case study

2021 ◽  
pp. 107095
Author(s):  
Jeppe Bredahl Rasmussen ◽  
Anders Haug ◽  
Sara Shafiee ◽  
Lars Hvam ◽  
Niels Henrik Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costs And Benefits

scholarly journals Incorporating Ecosystem Services in the Assessment of Water Framework Directive Programmes of Measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Souliotis ◽  
Nikolaos Voulvoulis
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ecological Objectives ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe EU Water Framework Directive requires the development of management responses aimed towards improving water quality as a result of improving ecosystem health (system state). Ecosystems have potential to supply a range of services that are of fundamental importance to human well-being, health, livelihoods and survival, and their capacity to supply these services depends on the ecosystem condition (its structure and processes). According to the WFD, Programmes of Measures should be developed to improve overall water status by reducing anthropogenic catchment pressures to levels compatible with the achievement of the ecological objectives of the directive, and when designed and implemented properly should improve the ecological condition of aquatic ecosystems that the delivery of ecosystem services depends on. Monitoring and evaluation of implemented measures are crucial for assessing their effectiveness and creating the agenda for consecutive planning cycles. Considering the challenges of achieving water status improvements, and the difficulties of communicating these to the wider public, we develop a framework for the evaluation of measures cost-effectiveness that considers ecosystem services as the benefits from the reduction of pressures on water bodies. We demonstrate its application through a case study and discuss its potential to facilitate the economic analysis required by the directive, and that most European water authorities had problems with. Findings demonstrate the potential of the methodology to effectively incorporate ecosystem services in the assessment of costs and benefits of proposed actions, as well as its potential to engage stakeholders.

Leading for Instructional Improvement in the Context of Accountability: Central Office Leadership

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Goodman Rigby ◽  
Rebecca Corriell ◽  
Katie J. Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Instructional Improvement ◽  
Central Office ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Design Systems ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Implementation Of Standards ◽  
Central Office Leadership

This case was written to help prepare central office leaders who are expected to design systems and lead toward instructional improvement in the context of both educational accountability and implementation of standards with increased rigor. The intent of this case study is to encourage educators to examine the complex and multiple challenges of policy design and implementation when policy goals are far from current practice. Educators studying this case should examine the costs and benefits of bridging and buffering across organizational levels and how to best craft coherence between goals, needs, and resources at the central office and school levels.

scholarly journals Assessing Sustainability in Housing LED Urban Regeneration: Insights from a Housing Association in Northern England

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dean ◽  
Claudia Trillo
Keyword(s):  
Housing Association ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Social Spillovers ◽  
The City ◽  
Regeneration Processes

How far do current assessment methods allow the thorough evaluation of sustainable urban regeneration? Would it be useful, to approach the evaluation of the environmental and social impacts of housing regeneration schemes, by making both hidden pitfalls and potentials explicit, and budgeting costs and benefits in the stakeholders’ perspective? The paper aims at answering these questions, by focusing on a case study located in the Manchester area, the City West Housing Trust, a nonprofit housing association. Drawing from extensive fieldwork and including several interviews with key experts from this housing association, the paper first attempts to monetize the environmental and social value of two extant projects – a high-rise housing estate and an environmentally-led program. It then discusses whether and how a stakeholder-oriented approach would allow more engagement of both current and potential funders in the projects at hand. Findings from both the literature and the empirical data that was gathered show how in current housing regeneration processes, room for significant improvements in terms of assessment methods still exist. Findings additionally show that the environmental and social spillovers are largely disregarded because of a gap in the evaluation tools. This may also hinder the potential contributions of further funders in the achievements of higher impacts in terms of sustainability.

scholarly journals E-Commerce Website as Seller Media for End User at Banyuwangi Mall

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Pending Puji Dwi Astuti ◽  
A A. Gde Satia Utama
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
End User ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Account System ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
Satisfaction Theory ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

This study aims to perform evaluation using End User Computing Satisfaction theory on Seller Account Banyuwangi Mall. The approach used in this research is qualitative explorative approach with case study method from SME seller of goods product. The data collection procedure used in this research is interview, observation, and documentation. The result of this research based on evaluation of Banyuwangi Mall e-commerce system shows have satisfaction as end user. The current system is adequate, but needs to be improved. Such improvements are used to improve the efficient use of the Banyuwangi Mall ecommerce system, especially the seller account system operated by SME actors who sell their products through Banyuwangi Mall. The improvement is a redesign of the sales system. The designs made have been adjusted based on the necessary improvements taking into consideration the costs and benefits, as well as the internal controls in each of their activities, so that the design proposal on the Banyuwangi Mall seller account is well worth considering. Further research is expected to be an evaluation and improvement of the appearance of the customer or buyer to make buyers more interested in transactions through Banyuwangi Mall and simplify the use.  

Integrating De Jure Independence

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-168
Author(s):  
Brad Epperly
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Out Of Sample

Chapter 4 addresses the disconnect between the results in Chapter 3 and existing case studies of competition and independence. It argues that in democracies, changes in the competitiveness of the electoral arena should primarily be associated changes in the formal, de jure provisions for courts. This is because the costs and benefits of infringing on de jure vs. de facto insurance vary across regime type. In democracies, the stronger effects of constitutionalism mean that flouting the rules has a greater likelihood of producing public backlash. The main test of this argument is an in-depth case study of the de jure attacks on the independence of the judiciary in Hungary after the 2010 election. This case study draws on extensive expert interviews with leading legal scholars, government officials, and Hungarian Constitutional Court justices. Recognizing that theories should be tested “out of sample” whenever possible, it ends by assessing the argument cross-nationally, and demonstrates that in democracies changing levels of competition are associated with changes in de jure rather than de facto independence.

Is More Less? Benefits and Costs of High-Variety Production in Nonassembled Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne E. Laureijs ◽  
Erica R. H. Fuchs ◽  
Kate S. Whitefoot
Keyword(s):  
Product Variety ◽  
Cost Modeling ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Design Attributes ◽  
New Process ◽  
Lot Sizes ◽  
Design Attribute ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Assembly Production

While many studies have characterized the costs of product variety in assembly production, there is little research detailing the sources and costs of increased product variety on a nonassembled (fabrication) production line, despite nonassembled products accounting for over 50% of U.S. manufacturing. Our research examines the production-level costs, benefits, and margins associated with producing a variety of nonassembled products, and how design attributes affect these outcomes. We propose a theoretical framework of nonassembled product variety, identifying five general design attributes of nonassembled products that influence product-variety outcomes, and identify potential sources of variety costs and benefits. We then conduct a case study of a plant that produces a large variety of unique products in a single year. We develop a new process-based cost modeling (PBCM) technique to capture the impacts of product variety. Leveraging design of experiments (DOE), we model fourteen representative products, altering the mix of products to focus on each design attribute. In our case study, which has relatively large lot sizes, less customized designs, and less flexible equipment, we find that cost increases related to changeovers between product designs are small relative to cost benefits derived from sharing equipment and labor. We provide a framework illustrating how these results generalize to other contexts, which shows that changeover costs will dominate sharing benefits in environments with more customized designs, produced in smaller lot sizes, and processed on flexible equipment.

scholarly journals Collecting Built Environment Information Using UAVs: Time and Applicability in Building Inspection Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4731
Author(s):  
Rachele Grosso ◽  
Umberto Mecca ◽  
Giuseppe Moglia ◽  
Francesco Prizzon ◽  
Manuela Rebaudengo
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Way Of Thinking

The Italian way of thinking about maintenance is too often one-sided. Indeed, it is considered not so much as a useful practice to prevent the occurrence of a fault (ex ante), but as an intervention to solve it (ex post). Analyzing the legislation relating to the construction sector, it can be seen that it does not clearly define the responsibilities, timescales and methods in which maintenance interventions must be planned and carried out. For this reason, this practice is still very weak compared, for example, to the industrial sector, where it is an established practice. Currently, the complexity of reading the maintenance plans drawn up by designers and the considerable costs associated with maintenance operations discourage owners and managers from even carrying out preliminary inspection operations. This research aims to stimulate these stakeholders to carry out inspection operations regularly, highlighting their costs and benefits. In particular, working on a case study in Piedmont, the costs of visual inspections carried out in the traditional way are compared with those that would be incurred if unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were used. Finally, the collateral benefits of inspections carried out with UAVs are highlighted.

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