Rapid velocity reduction and drift potential assessment of off-nozzle pesticidedroplets

This paper deals with a new state-constrained control (SCC) system of vehicle, which includes a multi-layer controller, in order to ensure the vehicle’s lateral stability and steering performance under complex environment. In this system, a new constraint control strategy with input and state constraints is applied to calculate the steady-state yaw moment. It ensures the vehicle lateral stability by tracking the desired yaw rate value and limiting the allowable range of the side slip. Through the linkage of the three-layer controller, the tire load is optimized and achieve minimal vehicle velocity reduction. The seven-degree-of-freedom (7-DOF) simulation model was established and simulated in MATLAB to evaluate the effect of the proposed controller. Through the analysis of the simulation results, compared with the traditional ESC and integrated control, it not only solves the problem of obvious velocity reduction, but also solves the problem of high cost and high hardware requirements in integrated control. The simulation results show that designed control system has better performance of path tracking and driving state, which is closer to the desired value. Through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) practical experiments in two typical driving conditions, the effectiveness of the above proposed control system is further verified, which can improve the lateral stability and maneuverability of the vehicle.

Download Full-text

Dirac Fermions: Fermi Velocity Reduction of Dirac Fermions around the Brillouin Zone Center in In 2 Se 3 –Bilayer Graphene Heterostructures (Adv. Mater. 17/2021)

Advanced Materials ◽

10.1002/adma.202170129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (17) ◽

pp. 2170129

Author(s):

Zhenyu Wang ◽

Zhanyang Hao ◽

Yayun Yu ◽

Yuan Wang ◽

Shiv Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brillouin Zone ◽

Bilayer Graphene ◽

Fermi Velocity ◽

Dirac Fermions ◽

Velocity Reduction ◽

Brillouin Zone Center

Download Full-text

Behavior of ultrasonic waves in wood with presence of holes

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602012000300019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 507-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chiara Barros Secco ◽

Raquel Gonçalves ◽

Domingos Guilherme Pelegrino Cerri ◽

Érica Caroline Vasques ◽

Fernando Augusto Franco Batista

Keyword(s):

Linear Model ◽

Circular Hole ◽

Empty Space ◽

Ultrasonic Waves ◽

Velocity Reduction ◽

Hollow Space ◽

Wave Path ◽

Pattern Of Variation ◽

Propagation Velocities

This work aimed to analyze the pattern of variation in wave lengths in presence of wood holes and to develop a model capable of describing the process. To attain that end, wood pieces were used from species pequiá (Aspidosperma desmanthum), on which circular and linear artificial holes were made and gradually enlarged. Ultrasonic tests were performed using USLab equipment and 45 kHz transducers. Measurements were taken first on the intact piece and then after each stage of artificial hole enlargement. Results demonstrated that propagation velocities of ultrasonic waves are affected by presence of holes and also that reduction in velocity is caused by changes in wave path, since waves tend to deviate from empty space and travel through matter. The circular hole type had a slightly stronger influence on velocity reduction than the linear hole type. Variation in velocity as a function of increasing percentage of hollow space relative to the intact piece can be represented by a linear model.

Download Full-text

Influence of nozzle type and size on drift potential by means of different wind tunnel evaluation methods

Biosystems Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.04.001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 103 (3) ◽

pp. 271-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

D. Nuyttens ◽

W.A. Taylor ◽

M. De Schampheleire ◽

P. Verboven ◽

D. Dekeyser

Keyword(s):

Wind Tunnel ◽

Evaluation Methods ◽

Drift Potential ◽

Nozzle Type

Download Full-text

Morphometry of lunette dunes in the Tirari Desert, South Australia

Open Geosciences ◽

10.1515/geo-2018-0035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 452-460

Author(s):

Zhengyao Liu ◽

Zhibao Dong ◽

Xujia Cui

Keyword(s):

Satellite Images ◽

Development Process ◽

South Australia ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Formation Processes ◽

Drift Potential ◽

Regular Arrangement ◽

Research Problems ◽

Energy Environment ◽

Lake Systems

Abstract Morphometry and formation processes are key research problems in the study of aeolian sandy landforms. Based on morphometric parameters inferred from satellite images and the calculation of the drift potential (DP), we examined general characteristics of lunette dunes in the Tirari Desert, South Australia, along with their morphometry and formation processes to determine how this landform type initially formed and its relationship to surrounding linear dune distribution. Results show that the morphometric parameters of lunette dunes and connective lake systems exhibit moderate correlations. It suggests that the morphology of these dunes is controlled by the lakes. Spatially, the lunette dunes present regular arrangement, and the strike of their alignment are approximately in accordance with the linear dunes. The calculated DP implies that the lunette dunes developed under a low-wind-energy environment, which is a wind regime similar to that required for the formation of the surrounding linear dunes. Even though, the resultant DP demonstrates that the summer wind should be responsible for the growth of the lunette dunes. However, accompanied with the repeated drying of lakes and even its disappearance during the dune development process, it not only contributes to the development of lunette dunes but also promotes their transformation to linear dunes.

Download Full-text

Rolling on E- or P-selectin induces the extended but not high-affinity conformation of LFA-1 in neutrophils

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2010-01-266122 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 116 (4) ◽

pp. 617-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Yoshihiro Kuwano ◽

Oliver Spelten ◽

Hong Zhang ◽

Klaus Ley ◽

Alexander Zarbock

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Binding Assay ◽

P38 Map Kinase ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Reporter Assay ◽

Rolling Velocity ◽

High Affinity ◽

Velocity Reduction ◽

Blood Neutrophils

Abstract Human blood neutrophils rolling on E- or P-selectin reduced their rolling velocity when intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)–1 was available. Similar to mouse neutrophils, this was dependent on P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL1), αLβ2 integrin, the Src family tyrosine kinase FGR and spleen tyrosine kinase SYK. Blocking phospholipase C or p38 MAP kinase attenuated, but did not abolish the velocity reduction. To test expression of integrin activation epitopes, we adapted an immobilized reporter assay and developed a new homogeneous microfluidics-based reporter antibody binding assay. Rolling on E- or P-selectin induced the extension reporter epitopes KIM127 and NKI-L16, but not the high affinity reporter epitope monoclonal antibody (mAb) 24. This enabled rolling neutrophils to bind to immobilized extension reporter, but not activation reporter antibodies and allowed binding of soluble KIM127 during rolling. We conclude that human neutrophil rolling on E- or P-selectin induces the extended αLβ2 integrin conformation through signaling triggered by PSGL-1 engagement.

Download Full-text

Adjuvant Effects on Spray Characteristics and Drift Potential

Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: A New Century for Agricultural Formulations, Twenty First Volume ◽

10.1520/stp10727s ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 175-175-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

PCH Miller ◽

AJ Hewitt ◽

WE Bagley

Keyword(s):

Spray Characteristics ◽

Drift Potential ◽

Adjuvant Effects

Download Full-text

DROPLET SIZE AND DRIFT POTENTIAL FROM MICRO-SPRAYER IRRIGATION EMITTERS

Transactions of the ASAE ◽

10.13031/2013.31892 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 2453-2459

Author(s):

L. A. Chaya ◽

D. J. Hills

Keyword(s):

Droplet Size ◽

Drift Potential

Download Full-text

The Cascade device – In vitro tests to assess coil protrusion into the parent vessel

Interventional Neuroradiology ◽

10.1177/1591019920925708 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 494-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P Bhogal ◽

K Wong ◽

HLD Makalanda

Keyword(s):

Flow Velocity ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Parent Vessel ◽

Single Episode ◽

Average Flow Velocity ◽

Velocity Reduction ◽

Temporary Support ◽

Aneurysmal Neck ◽

Aneurysm Model

Background Balloon and stent-assisted coiling of aneurysms have increased the number of aneurysms available for endovascular treatment. Newer devices that allow flow within the parent vessel but coverage at the neck have recently entered the market. The Cascade is a new non-occlusive fully retrievable neck-bridging support device that has been designed to provide temporary support during coil embolisation of intracranial aneurysms. Methods Using a silicone aneurysm model three different aneurysms were catheterised with the coiling microcatheter placed in three different positions within each aneurysm – at the neck, centrally, and looped within the aneurysm. Multiple different coils were then deployed within each aneurysm with the Cascade device deployed across the neck to provide protection. In total 480 attempted coilings were performed. Aneurysm flow was used to calculate the change in intra-aneurysmal flow with the Cascade device deployed across the neck of the aneurysm. Results We did not observe a single episode of coil protrusion through the Cascade mesh nor did we observe any coil protrusion into the parent vessel when the Cascade was deployed across the neck. There was an average flow velocity reduction of 23% with the Cascade device deployed across the neck of the aneurysm. Conclusion The Cascade device offers robust protection of the aneurysmal neck and parent vessel as well as inducing significant intra-aneurysmal flow velocity reduction.

Download Full-text