Cardiac Markers of Myocardial Necrosis

Introduction. Biochemical cardiac markers play an important role in diagnosing and treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Markers of myocytes necrosis, troponins, have been recommended for diagnosing and treatment of myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation, myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation and unstable angina pectoris. Two more groups of cardiac markers have been gaining in importance: inflammation markers and cardiac function markers. The objective of this study was the risk stratification and identification of patients with coronary syndrome, who could take advantage from evolutionary changes of serum cardiac markers. Material and Methods. The method of the analysis sums up the results of independently published studies and literature and data base review, such as MEDLINE, PubMed and KOBSON. Inflammation markers. Systemic and localized inflammation plays an important role in the development of acute coronary syndrome. The following inflammation markers are available: C-reactive protein. IL-2, sedimentation of erythrocytes and fibrinogen; as well as myocardial necrosis markers: creatine kinase MB, myoglobin and cardiac troponins. Conclusion. Tropinins are ideal markers which enable early detection of patients with acute coronary syndrome, whereas inflammation markers are helpful in diagnosing and assessing the severity of inflammation.

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Cardioprotective Potential of Garlic Oil and Its Active Constituent, Diallyl Disulphide, in Presence of Carvedilol during Chronic Isoprenaline Injection-Mediated Myocardial Necrosis in Rats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26175137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (17) ◽

pp. 5137

Author(s):

Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq ◽

Abdulhakeem S. Alamri ◽

Walaa F. Alsanie ◽

Majid Alhomrani

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Myocardial Necrosis ◽

Tissue Homogenate ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Diallyl Disulfide ◽

Cardiac Markers ◽

Active Constituent ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Garlic Oil

In isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarcted rats, garlic oil (GO) and its main ingredient, diallyl disulfide (DADS), were examined for cardioprotective effects when used with carvedilol (CAR). GO, DADS and CAR were given to rats in their respective groups, either alone or together, with the addition of isoprenaline (3 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) during the last 10 days of treatment. At the end of 14 days of treatment, blood samples were collected, the hearts were excised under anesthesia and weighed. Heart tissue homogenate was used to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Furthermore, the serum activities of cardiac markers, including lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and cardiac troponin, were checked. Moreover, inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin one beta, interleukin six, and kappa bp65 subunit were assessed. Rats that received GO, DADS, and CAR exhibited a significant increase in the cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities with a simultaneous decrease in serum cardiac markers enzymes and inflammatory markers. The TBARS were significantly reduced in rats that received treatment. The addition of carvedilol to GO or DADS significantly elevated antioxidant activities and decreased the release of cardiac enzymes into blood circulation. Both DADS and GOl were almost similar in efficacy, indicating the potential role of DADS in garlic oil-mediated cardioprotection. Combining GO or DADS with CAR increased CAR’s cardioprotective impact and protected rats from developing ISO-induced myocardial infarction.

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Cardiology

Oxford Handbook of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.1093/med/9780199233717.003.0006 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 401-462

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Catheterization ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Myocardial Necrosis ◽

Radionuclide Ventriculography ◽

Cardiac Anatomy ◽

Cardiac Markers ◽

Volumetric Imaging ◽

Disease States ◽

Electrocardiographic Monitoring ◽

Great Vessels

Cardiac catheterization 402 Cardiac markers of myocardial necrosis 406 Cardiac volumetric imaging: magnetic resonance & computed tomography 408 Echocardiography 416 Electrocardiogram 438 Electrocardiographic monitoring 446 Exercise testing 450 Myocardial perfusion imaging 454 Radionuclide ventriculography 458 Swan–Ganz catheterization 460 Tilt table testing 461 Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure during which catheters are placed within the cardiac chambers, coronary arteries and great vessels to provide information on cardiac anatomy, pressures, disease states, function, and oxygen saturations....

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